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Grade Level Content Expectations
6 Grade Science Teacher Workshops
Potential & Kinetic
Energy
Developed by:
Mr. P. A. Klozik & Dr. M. H. Suckley
Email: [email protected]
Visit our Website: http://www.ScienceScene.com (The MAPs Co.)
Matrix for Physical Science
Grade 6
Process
Inquiry Process
Inquiry Analysis and Communication
Reflection and Social Implications
Content
Energy
Kinetic and Potential
Energy Transfer
Changes in Matter
Changes in State
Inquiry Process
S.IP.M.1
K-7 Standard S.IP: Develop an understanding that scientific inquiry
and reasoning involves observing, questioning, investigating,
recording, and developing solutions to problems.
Inquiry involves generating questions, conducting investigations,
and developing solutions to problems through reasoning and
observation.
S.IP.06.11
Generate scientific questions based on observations,
investigations, and research
S.IP.06.12
Design and conduct scientific investigations.
S.IP.06.13
Use tools and equipment (spring scales, stop watches, meter sticks
and tapes, models, hand lens, thermometer, models, sieves,
microscopes) appropriate to scientific investigations.
S.IP.06.14
Use metric measurement devices in an investigation.
S.IP.06.15
Construct charts and graphs from data and observations.
S.IP.06.16
Identify patterns in data.
Back
Inquiry Analysis K-7 Standard S.IA: Develop an understanding that scientific inquiry and
and
investigations require analysis and communication of findings, using
Communication appropriate technology.
S.IA.M.1
Inquiry includes an analysis and presentation of findings that lead to
future questions, research, and investigations.
S.IA.06.11
Analyze information from data tables and graphs to answer scientific
questions.
S.IA.06.12
Evaluate data, claims, and personal knowledge through collaborative
science discourse.
S.IA.06.13
Communicate and defend findings of observations and investigations
using evidence.
S.IA.06.14
Draw conclusions from sets of data from multiple trials of a scientific
investigation.
S.IA.06.15
Use multiple sources of information to evaluate strengths and
weaknesses of claims, arguments, or data.
S.IA.06.15
Use multiple sources of information to evaluate strengths and
weaknesses of claims, arguments, or data.
Back
Reflection
And
Social Implications
S.RS.M.1
K-7 Standard S.RS: Develop an understanding that claims and evidence for
their scientific merit should be analyzed. Understand how scientists decide
what constitutes scientific knowledge. Develop an understanding of the
importance of reflection on scientific knowledge and its application to new
situations to better understand the role of science in society and technology.
Reflecting on knowledge is the application of scientific knowledge to new and
different situations. Reflecting on knowledge requires careful analysis of
evidence that guides decision-making and the application of science
throughout history and within society.
S.RS.06.11
Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of claims, arguments, and data.
S.RS.06.12
Describe limitations in personal and scientific knowledge.
S.RS.06.13
Identify the need for evidence in making scientific decisions.
S.RS.06.14
S.RS.06.15
Evaluate scientific explanations based on current evidence and scientific
principles.
Demonstrate scientific concepts through various illustrations, performances,
models, exhibits, and activities.
S.RS.06.16
Design solutions to problems using technology.
S.RS.06.17
Describe the effect humans and other organisms have on the balance of the
natural world.
S.RS.06.18
Describe what science and technology can and cannot reasonably contribute
to society.
S.RS.06.19
Describe how science and technology have advanced because of the
contributions of many people throughout history and across cultures.
Back
P.EN: Energy
Develop an understanding that there are many forms of energy (such as heat,
light, sound, and electrical) and that energy is transferable by convection,
conduction, or radiation. Understand energy can be in motion, called kinetic; or it
can be stored, called potential. Develop an understanding that as temperature
increases, more energy is added to a system. Understand nuclear reactions in
the sun produce light and heat for the Earth.
P.EN.M.1
Kinetic and Potential Energy- Objects and substances in motion have kinetic
energy. Objects and substances may have potential energy due to their relative
positions in a system. Gravitational, elastic, and chemical energy are all forms of
potential energy.
P.EN.06.11
Identify kinetic or potential energy in everyday situations (for example: stretched
rubber band, objects in motion, ball on a hill, food energy).
P.EN.06.12
Demonstrate the transformation between potential and kinetic energy in simple
mechanical systems (for example: roller coasters, pendulums).
P.EN.M.4
Energy Transfer- Energy is transferred from a source to a receiver by radiation,
conduction, and convection. When energy is transferred from a source to a
receiver, the quantity of energy before the transfer is equal to the quantity of
energy after the transfer.
P.EN.06.41
Explain how different forms of energy can be transferred from one place to
another by radiation, conduction, or convection.
P.EN.06.42
Illustrate how energy can be transferred while no energy is lost or gained in the
transfer.
Back
P.CM: Changes
in
Matter
P.CM.M.1
Develop an understanding of changes in the state of matter in
terms of heating and cooling, and in terms of arrangement and
relative motion of atoms and molecules. Understand the
differences between physical and chemical changes. Develop an
understanding of the conservation of mass. Develop an
understanding of products and reactants in a chemical change.
Changes in State- Matter changing from state to state can be
explained by using models which show that matter is composed of
tiny particles in motion. When
changes of state occur, the atoms and/or molecules are not
changed in structure. When the changes in state occur, mass is
conserved because matter is not created or destroyed.
P.CM.06.11
Describe and illustrate changes in state, in terms of the
arrangement and relative motion of the atoms or molecules.
P.CM.06.12
Explain how mass is conserved as it changes from
state to state in a closed system.
Back
Potential & Kinetic
Energy
Presented By: The MAPs Team
Meaningful Applications of Physical Science
Email: [email protected]
Visit Our Website: http://www.ScienceScene.com
Potential & Kinetic Energy
A. What Is Energy?
B. Seven Forms Of Energy.
C. Two Types Of Energy.
D. Conservation of Energy.
E. Work and Power.
Potential & Kinetic Energy
A. What Is Energy?
1. Naive Ideas Concerning Energy.
2. Does Energy (Light) Have Either Weight Or Volume? . . . . 8
3. What Makes It Move? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4. Defining Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
5. How Is Energy / Work Measured? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
6. How Is the Strength of Energy Measured? . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Potential & Kinetic Energy
B. Forms Of Energy
1. The Seven Forms Of Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2. Energy and the Human Body . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
3. Transfer Of Chemical To Heat - Food Burning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
4. Can Heat Make Things Move? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
5. Can Chemicals Make Things Move? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
6. Using A Radio Speaker Electrical to Mechanical Energy . . . . . . . 29
7. Changing Mechanical Energy To Heat Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
8. Energy Conversion Smorgasbord (Demonstrating Energy Conversions) . 32
9. Energy Conversion Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
10. Energy Chains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Potential & Kinetic Energy
C. There Are Two Types Of Energy.
1. Two types of Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
2. Ah-La-Bounce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
3. The weight of A Body and Its Gravitational Potential Energy . . . . . . 44
4. Galilean Cannon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
5. Storing Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
48
6. Investigating Potential / Kinetic Energy
a. Does Potential / Kinetic Energy depend on Force? . . . . . . . . . 52
b. Does Potential / Kinetic Energy depend on Mass? . . . . . . . . . 54
Potential & Kinetic Energy
D. Conservation of Energy
1. Is Energy Conserved When Converted to Work?
a. Is Energy Conserved When Force is Changed? . . . . . . . . . 57
b. Is Energy Conserved When Mass is Changed? . . . . . . . . . 58
2. Energy Transformations And The Pendulum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
3. Stop And Go Balls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
4. Coat Hanger Cannon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Potential & Kinetic Energy
E. Work and Power
1. Determining your Horsepower. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
2. Hot Rod Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
3. Comparing Work, Kinetic and Potential Energy
Summary
We Had A Great Time
Naive Ideas - Energy
1. Energy is a "thing". This is kind of a fuzzy notion, probably because of the
way we think about newton-meters or joules.
2. The terms "energy" and "force" are interchangeable.
3. From the non-scientific point of view, "work" is synonymous with "labor."
4. An object at rest has no energy.
5. Doubling the speed of a moving object doubles the kinetic energy.
6. Energy can be changed from one form to another with no energy losses.
7. Things "use up" energy.
8. Energy is confined to some particular origin, such as what we get from food,
or what the electric company sells.
9. There is no relationship between matter and energy.
10. If energy is conserved, why are we running out of it?
10
Does Light Have Either Weight Or Volume?
1.
Place a box on a scale.
2.
Tare (zero) the scale.
3.
Add light energy to the box.
4.
Observe any increase in mass.
What Makes It Move?
3.
1.
2.
4.
6.
5.
7.
8.
9
9.
How Is Energy / Work Measured?
1. Obtain a toy truck a ramp and something to change the height of the ramp.
2. Using a newton scale measure the force needed to move the truck with the ramp flat and
the distance the truck moved.
3. Using a newton scale measure the force needed to move the truck with the ramp on an
incline and the distance the truck moved.
4. Using a newton scale measure the force needed to move the truck with the ramp
perpendicular and the distance the truck moved.
Position
Flat
Inclined
Perpendicular
Force
Distance
Work/Energy
Measuring The Strength Of Energy
The Inverse Square Law
Object
Strength = 1/4
Strength = 1
One Distance Unit
Two Distance Units
Strength = 1/9
Three Distance Units
1. Hold the laser 1 meter as indicated in the table and shine on a flat surface. You will notice squares
reflecting on the surface. Select one of the squares and draw it on the surface.
2. Hold the laser 2 meters from the surface. Align the same square with one side and bottom. Determine
the number of original squares it would take to fill the larger square.
3. Hold the laser 3 meters from the surface. Align the same square with one side and bottom. Determine
the number of original squares it would take to fill the larger square.
Distance
12
1-Meter
2-Meters 3-Meters
Number of Squares
1
4
9
Distance Squared (D)
1
1
4
1/4
9
1/9
1/D2 ∞ intensity
1. Heat
2. Light
3. Sound
4. Mechanical
5. Electrical
6. Chemical
7. Nuclear
Magnetic
Chemical, food
7
Alka - Poppers
¼ tablet
1. (1)
Mass (g)
2. (2,4)
Temperature (°C)
1
3. (5)
Distance: (m)
2
3
Av.
1
5. (6)
Time to explode
(sec.)
2
3
Av.
6. (7)
Number of
explosions
½ tablet
¾ tablet
Energy Smorgasbord
Device
1. Festaware and Geiger counter
chemical
3. Battery
chemical
4. Battery and Bulb
chemical
5. Battery and motor
chemical
6. Motor and Bulb
mechanical
7. Rubber bands and Balloons
mechanical
8. Superball and thermometer
mechanical
9. Coat hanger, test tube, water
mechanical
mechanical
11. Photo cell
Light
12. Matches
chemical
13. Picture
chemical
14. Piezoelectric crystal and Neon bulb
mechanical
15. Clap on clap off
mechanical
16. Nerf Ball Cannon
17. Toy car
18. Nerf Ball Cannon
19. Thermocouple and Galvanometer
Converted Energy
atomic
2. Wintergreen Mint and pliers
10. Talking strip
38
Starting Energy
chemical
mechanical
chemical
heat
1
Energy Conversions
Light
Light
Mechanical
Heat
Mechanical
Heat
Radiometer
Absorption
Rubbing
Hands
Steel & Flint
Sound
Electrical
Chemical
Photocell
Photosynthesis
Clapping
Hands
Generator
Churning
Butter
Teapot
Thermocouple
Cooking
Food
Microphone
Baby’s Cry
Fire
Expansion
SonoLuminescence
Resonance
Movement
Electrical
Light Bulb
Motor
Iron
Speaker
Chemical
Candle
Firecracker
Fire
Explosion
Sound
28
Plating
Battery
How a Monkey uses Energy Chains to Move
Energy Chain:
Sun → Photosynthesis → Banana → Monkey → Chemical Energy → Mechanical Energy
(Monkey Moves)
1
Where Does The Energy Come From That is
Needed For A Fisherman To Fish?
Where does the energy needed for a fisherman to fish come from?
0
Energy and the Human Body
What is a Calorie?
A calorie is a unit of energy.
Calories apply to anything
containing energy. For example, a
gallon (about 4 liters) of gasoline
contains about 31,000,000
calories.
Specifically, a calorie is the
amount of energy, or heat, it takes
to raise the temperature of 1 gram
of water 1 degree Celsius. One
calorie is equal to 4.184 joules, a
common unit of energy used in the
physical sciences.
In regards to food and fitness the
reference to calories actually are
kilocalories.
Using the log sheets supplied, keep track of everything you eat in a 24
hour period. Beside each type of food list the number of Calories it
contained by referring to the chart "Calorie content in common foods."
Using A Radio Speaker to Convert Electrical to
Mechanical Energy
A speaker takes the electrical
signal and translates it into
physical vibrations to create
sound waves. Speakers do this by
rapidly vibrating a flexible
diaphragm or cone. One end of
the cone is connected to the voice
coil and the other end to the cone.
The coil is attached to the basket
by the spider which allows it to
move freely back and forth. When
electricity passes through the coil
a magnetic field is produced
which interacts with the magnetic
field of the magnetic which
causes the coil and cone to move
producing sound.
Can Heat Make Things Move?
Chewing gum wrapper and a source of heat such as an incandescent light
bulb and socket
Mechanical To Heat With Elastic Bands
Obtain a rubber band
While holding the rubber band in both hands stretch it across your
lips. You will notice that while the rubber band is being stretched it will
feel warmer.
When you “un-stretch” the rubber band it will feel cooler to your lips.
The heat is caused by the rubber molecules rubbing against one
another.
2
Superball Heat Energy
Drill a hole into a super ball large enough to fit a thermometer.
Insert thermometer, record the temperature and remove
thermometer.
Bounce the ball for about 5-minutes.
Insert thermometer, record the temperature and remove
thermometer.
1
Hammer, Nail and Block of Wood
When hammering a nail into wood, the hammer is raised ready to
fall and hit the nail. The mass of the hammer is acted upon by
gravity and the hammer contains potential energy. When the
hammer is moving towards the nail the potential energy changes
to kinetic energy. More energy can be added to the hammer by
muscle power, the hammer accelerates and its velocity
increases. The nail has zero velocity. On impact with the nail, the
velocity of the hammer retards to zero and the energy contained
within the hammer transfers to the nail.
1. Hold a nail to sense its temperature.
2. Pound the nail 4 to 5-cm into the wood. Identify the work needed to do this.
3. Using the claw part of the hammer pull out the nail. Immediately touch the part
of the nail that was in the wood. Describe the sensation.
4. Identify the energy transformations that took place.
0
Transformation Of
Chemical Energy
To Heat Energy
Data
1. Mass of material (g)
2. Mass of cold Water (Mwater)
3. Temp. cold Water (T1)
4. Temp. of heated water (T2)
5. Temp. change of water (ΔT)
6. calories (H)
7. Calories
Sample A-Peanut
Sample B -
1. Potential or stored energy
PE = F x h
2. Kinetic or moving energy
KE = ½m x v
2
2
Kinetic
Potential
Pull Back Car
1
Ah-la-bounce
Mass of super ball ___________Kg
Trials
1
2
3
Average
Potential Energy
m x g x h
% of energy absorbed
Mass of tennis ball _____________Kg
Super Ball
h1 (meters)
h2 (meters)
Tennis Ball
h1 (meters)
h2 (meters)
The weight of A Body and Its Gravitational
Potential Energy
Ball bearings dropped into sand
Relative Mass
Light
Medium
Heavy
1-meter
2-meter
3-meter
Galilean Cannon
Number of
Rebound
Balls
Speed
1 . . . . . . . . . . 1v
2 . . . . . . . . . . 3v
3 . . . . . . . . . . 7v
4 . . . . . . . . . . 15v
5 . . . . . . . . . . 31v
6 . . . . . . . . . . 63v
7 . . . . . . . . . . 127v
8 . . . . . . . . . . 255v
INVESTIGATING POTENTIAL
AND KINETIC ENERGY
Equipment Set-up
.380-m
Finish – t2
Start - t1
1
Does Energy Depend On Force?
Gravity (g): 9.8 m/sec2
Position from Start: 0.38 -m
Height (h): Measured
Mass of truck (m)
Timed Distance (d): 0.40 -m
0.0588-Kg
Time Trials
Speed
Kinetic
P.E.= mgh
(Joules)
K.E.= ½ mv2
(Joules)
0.62
0.0294
0.0113
0.41
0.98
0.0467
0.0282
0.34
1.18
0.0645
0.0409
Height of
Truck (h)
(meters)
Force on
Truck
Trial
1
Trial
2
Trial
3
Average
Time
(Newton)
(seconds)
(seconds)
(seconds)
(seconds)
1
0.03
0.051
0.025
0.66
0.65
0.65
0.65
2
0.06
0.095
0.047
0.43
0.40
0.41
3
0.09
0.112
0.145
0.33
0.35
0.34
15
Energy
Potential
Block
Height
(meters)
Experiment
Block Height: Given
V=d/t
(m / sec)
0
Does Energy Depend On Mass?
Position from Start: 0.38-m
Force on truck (f):
Measured
Height (h): Measured
Mass of truck (m):
0.0588-Kg
Timed Distance (d):
0.40 -m
Time Trials
Mass
Speed
(Truck+)
(Kg)
Height of
Truck (h)
(meters)
Force on
Truck
(Newton)
Trial
1
(sec.)
Trial
2
(sec.)
Trial
3
(sec.)
Average
Time
1
.0588
0.051
0.025
0.66
0.67
0.65
2
.1194
0.051
0.092
0.65
0.63
3
.1794
0.051
0.152
0.62
4
.2394
0.051
0.230
0.59
Experiment
20
Gravity (g): 9.8 m/sec2
Block Height
0.03-m
Energy
V=d/t
(m / sec)
Potential
P.E.= mgh
(joules)
0.66
0.61
0.0294
0.0109
0.62
0.62
0.65
0.0597
0.0258
0.59
0.60
0.60
0.67
0.0897
0.0403
0.63
0.62
0.61
0.66
0.1197
0.0522
(seconds)
Kinetic
K.E.= ½ mv2
(joules)
IS ENERGY CONSERVED WHEN
CONVERTED TO WORK?
Equipment Set-up
Finish – t2
Start - t1
Work = force (newtons) x distance (meters)
1
Is Energy Conserved When Force is Changed?
Position from Start: 0.38-m
Force to move block (f): Measured
Block Height: 0.03-m
Mass of truck (m): 0.0588-Kg
Gravity (g): 9.8 m/sec2
Distance (d) Block moves: Measured
Distance Block Moves
Block
Height
Experiment
(m)
Force on
Truck
(Newton)
Force to
Move
Wood
Barrier
(Newton)
Trial
Trial
Trial
Average
1
2
3
(meters)
(meters) (meters) (meters)
Work
W=fx
d
(joules)
Kinetic
Energy
Calculated
in B-1
(joules)
1
0.051
0.025
0.0113
2
0.095
0.047
0.0282
3
0.112
0.145
0.0409
3
0
Is Energy Conserved When Mass is Changed?
Position from Start: 0.38-m
Force to move block (f): Measured
Mass
Experiment
(Kg)
2
Block Height: _______-m Gravity (g): 9.8 m/sec2
Mass of truck (m): Variable
Force to Move
Wood Barrier
(Newton)
Distance (d) Block moves: Measured-chart
Distance Block Moves
Trial
1
(meters)
Trial
2
(meters)
Trial
3
(meters)
Average
(meters)
Work
W=fxd
(joules)
Kinetic
Energy
Calculated in
B-2
(joules)
1
.0588
0.0109
2
.1194
0.0258
3
.1794
0.0403
4
.2394
0.0522
Energy Laws
First Law -
Energy input always equals energy output.
Energy is neither created nor destroyed.
Second Law - When energy is converted from one form
to another, the result is to move from
higher level energy (gasoline) to lower
level energy (heat).
2
Energy Transformations And The Pendulum
1
Trust‘em or Duck you Sucker!
DESCRIPTION
Demonstrate your confidence in energy conservation by standing with
your back against the wall, releasing the bowling ball from just in front of
your nose (with no initial velocity), and allowing it to swing out and back.
Standing with the back of your head against a wall makes it easier to
keep your head in one place. Hang pendulum from eyelet on ductwork
above front of lecture room with inelastic cord
0
Stop And Go Balls
Tie about 1-meter of string between two supports. Suspend two balls
from the string using pieces of string approximately 0.5-meter long.
Start one of the ball swinging. Note that the other ball begins to respond
to this motion, and its amplitude of swing increases. The ball that was
initially moving loses some of its energy and begins to slow down. This
continues until the ball that was originally at rest is swinging with full
amplitude, and the other ball comes to a stop. This cycle continues with
the balls transferring energy from one ball to the other.
Coat Hanger Cannon
Height
Mass
Acceleration
Force
PE
Range
Time
Velocity
KE
h
m
a
mxa
Fxh
d
t
d/t
½ m x v2
Kg
9.8-m/sec2
newton
joule
meter
seconds
m/s
joule
Trial
1
2
3
meter
Determining Your
Horsepower
Work
W=fxd
Force
Trial
1
2
3
Average
Power
Power = work / time
F
d
w
t
p
(Newton)
(meters)
(joules)
(seconds)
(watts)
Horsepower
Hp = Power / 746
Hp
Determining A
Car’s Horsepower
Trial
m.
(Kg.)
Force
Work
Power
Horsepower
F=mxg
W=fxd
Power = work / time
Hp= watts/746
g
(m/s2)
1
9.8
2
9.8
3
9.8
Average
9.8
F
(Newton)
d
(meters)
W
(joules)
t
(seconds)
P
(watts)
Hp
Force (newton) ÷ Distance (meters)
1
Work (joules) ÷ Time (seconds)
0
Relationship
elationship B
Between
etween
R
R
elationship
B
etween
Work
ork,,, K
Kinetic
inetic and
and P
Potential
otential E
Energy
nergy
W
W
ork
K
inetic
and
P
otential
E
nergy
(Let's look
look at
at the
the Units)
Units)
(Let's
(Let's
(Let's look
look at
at the
the Units)
Units)
Work
Work
Work
PotentialEnergy
Energy
==∆∆Potential
= ∆ Potential Energy
ff xx dd
f x d
M xx vv22
==∆∆ 11/2/2M
= ∆ 1 /2 M x v2
==∆∆ff xx dd
=∆f x d
NN xx dd
N x d
Kg xx (m/s)
(m/s)22
== Kg
= Kg x (m/s)2
== NN xx dd
= N x d
Kg xx m
m
Kg
m
Kg x22 m xx m
x m
ss2
s
Kg xx m
m222
Kg
Kg x22 m
ss2
s
Joules
Joules
Joules
4
KineticEnergy
Energy
==∆∆Kinetic
= ∆ Kinetic Energy
m22
m
2
Kg xx m
== Kg
22
= Kg x ss2
Kg x m
m
Kg
== Kg xx22 m xx m
m
=
x m
ss2
22
Kg
x
m
x
m
Kg
== Kg x2 m2
=
ss22
s
22
Kg
x
m
x
m
Kg
== Kg x2 m2
=
ss22
s
s
Joules
Joules
Joules
s
Joules
Joules
Joules
Units are
are really
really road
road signs
signs which
which tell
tell us
us where
where we
we are!!
are!!
Units
Units are really road signs which tell us where we are!!
FORCE
Push or a pull that produces an acceleration
F= m
x
a
Force = Mass x acceleration
F =
Kg x
m
s2
We Had A Great Time