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European Exploration Vikings – first European group to arrive in the Americas (Leif Ericsson/New Foundland) Claudius Ptolemy – drew maps of a round world Bartelmo Diaz – 1488, found a new route to the riches of India around the southern tip of Africa Christopher Columbus – “discovered” America in 1492; Italian who sailed for Spain; landed in San Salvador (the Bahamas), sailed on to Cuba and Hispaniola where he established a trading post. Treaty of Tordesillas – an imaginary line drawn north to south in the Atlantic ocean; Spain controlled west of the line, Portugal east Amerigo Vespucci – Italian who reached America in 1499; had an important country named after him Juan Ponce de Leon – discovered Florida in 1513, claimed it for Spain and called it the “land of flowers”; looking for the fountain of youth (allegedly) Vasco de Balboa – Spanish explorer who traveled through the Isthmus of Panama in 1510, becoming first European to “see” the Pacific Ocean Ferdinand Magellan- sailed for Spain around the southern tip of South America in 1520 into the Pacific Ocean. Credited with being the first to circumnavigate the globe, though he was killed in the Philippines by the natives Columbian Exchange – Native Americans gave the Europeans 1) new farming methods, and 2) new crops (corn and potatoes). Europeans gave the Native Americans 1) domestic livestock, 2) new technologies (shipbuilding and firearms), and 3) disease and death Hernan Cortes – traveled to the Yucatan Peninsula in 1519 to find slaves for Spain and to find riches. Defeated the Aztecs over a three-year period, disease helped with this, and claimed Mexico City for Spain Conquistadors – conquerors Francisco Pizzaro – defeated the Incas of Peru in 1532 Francisco Vasquez de Coronado – died in 1540 looking for the Seven Golden Cities of Cibola in the American Southwest Presidios – forts that are set up for trading posts and protection Priests - wanted to convert the natives to Christianity and they built many missions (Alamo) San Augustine – the first permanent city in North America; Florida, 1565 de Champlain – founded Quebec, Canada, making it the capital of New France in 1608 de LaSalle – first person to navigate the Mississippi River; traveled from North to South claiming Louisiana for France