Download Problems in Prenatal Development Human Development March 12

Problems in Prenatal Development
Human Development
March 12, 2014
Losing a Baby: Sometimes a baby doesn’t develop normally, sometimes causing the baby to die.
If the baby dies before 20 weeks, it’s a ____________________________.
If the baby dies after 20 weeks, it’s a _____________________________.
Grief: Couples who lose an unborn baby grieve just as they would for child who had been born. They
go through the same ______________ of _____________. Most are able to have children later.
Birth Defects: Serious problems a baby is born with that threatens their health or ability to live.
____________________ of different birth defects.
Vary ____________ - some are mild and can be corrected easily. Some are _______________,
_____________________________ disabilities. Some cause _______________.
____ out of ________ children in the US are born with a birth defect
______ always apparent at birth – could show up months or years later.
Effects: Could affect shape or size of certain body parts, or could affect body functions.
Causes: ____% of the time we don’t know what caused it
4 main causes:
1.
2.
3.
4.
________________________
________________________
________________________
________________________
Environmental Causes: Baby is dependent on the environment the mom is providing. __________ the
Mom makes can affect the baby.
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
Hereditary Causes: Genetic blueprint has _____________________ of genes. Each person has 5 or 6
recessive genes that are _____________________ but have no effect on development.
If each parent has the same imperfect gene or it’s a _______________________ gene, it may
cause a birth defect.
Some only affect one gender – hemophilia and color blindness only affect _____________.
Errors in Chromosomes: Could be too many or too few chromosomes in each of baby’s cells. Most
common is _____________ ____________________.
Down’s Syndrome:
1 in every 800 births
Risk increases if mother is 35 or older
Have an extra chromosome 21
Interaction of Heredity and Environment: May inherit a tendancy, but it only shows if other factors
occur, such as __________________________, and certain ___________________.
Prevention and Diagnosis: Some can be ______________________ with _______________ diet
choices, taking _____________________, no harmful substances.
Genetic Counseling: Parents go if they already have a child with a birth defect or are in the high-risk
group (over 35 or have hereditary risks). Over _______ can be diagnosed before birth and possibly
treated or prevented.
Prenatal Diagnosis:
Ultrasound: sounds waves to make a video image of an unborn baby. Can show certain defects with
skeleton or organs.
Amniocentesis: withdraw a sample of the amniotic fluid and testing for indications of certain problems.
Determine down’s syndrome
Contains some cells from the fetus
Chorionic villi sampling: small amounts of tissue from the membrane around the fetus.
Can be done earlier than amniocentesis.