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Problems in Prenatal Development Human Development March 12, 2014 Losing a Baby: Sometimes a baby doesn’t develop normally, sometimes causing the baby to die. If the baby dies before 20 weeks, it’s a ____________________________. If the baby dies after 20 weeks, it’s a _____________________________. Grief: Couples who lose an unborn baby grieve just as they would for child who had been born. They go through the same ______________ of _____________. Most are able to have children later. Birth Defects: Serious problems a baby is born with that threatens their health or ability to live. ____________________ of different birth defects. Vary ____________ - some are mild and can be corrected easily. Some are _______________, _____________________________ disabilities. Some cause _______________. ____ out of ________ children in the US are born with a birth defect ______ always apparent at birth – could show up months or years later. Effects: Could affect shape or size of certain body parts, or could affect body functions. Causes: ____% of the time we don’t know what caused it 4 main causes: 1. 2. 3. 4. ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ Environmental Causes: Baby is dependent on the environment the mom is providing. __________ the Mom makes can affect the baby. ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ Hereditary Causes: Genetic blueprint has _____________________ of genes. Each person has 5 or 6 recessive genes that are _____________________ but have no effect on development. If each parent has the same imperfect gene or it’s a _______________________ gene, it may cause a birth defect. Some only affect one gender – hemophilia and color blindness only affect _____________. Errors in Chromosomes: Could be too many or too few chromosomes in each of baby’s cells. Most common is _____________ ____________________. Down’s Syndrome: 1 in every 800 births Risk increases if mother is 35 or older Have an extra chromosome 21 Interaction of Heredity and Environment: May inherit a tendancy, but it only shows if other factors occur, such as __________________________, and certain ___________________. Prevention and Diagnosis: Some can be ______________________ with _______________ diet choices, taking _____________________, no harmful substances. Genetic Counseling: Parents go if they already have a child with a birth defect or are in the high-risk group (over 35 or have hereditary risks). Over _______ can be diagnosed before birth and possibly treated or prevented. Prenatal Diagnosis: Ultrasound: sounds waves to make a video image of an unborn baby. Can show certain defects with skeleton or organs. Amniocentesis: withdraw a sample of the amniotic fluid and testing for indications of certain problems. Determine down’s syndrome Contains some cells from the fetus Chorionic villi sampling: small amounts of tissue from the membrane around the fetus. Can be done earlier than amniocentesis.