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Chapters 5 & 6: Inside the Restless Earth Wild, Wild Earth! an online geologic investigation Well, it should seem obvious to you at this point… you don’t have to be a geologist to figure it out: the Earth is out of control! To better understand why this is so, let’s further analyze the Earth by heading to www.learner.org/interactives/dynamicearth/. You’ll know you’re where you need to be if you see this: Follow the links mentioned in this packet and look for the information requested. **NOTE: Bullet points in italics are instructions or reminders. Regular bullet points ask for information. 1) Introduction Click on “Start your exploration with Earth's Structure.” to begin. 2) Earth’s Structure Move the cursor over the different layers of the Earth to find out Page 1 more about them. Notice how the layers turn yellow in both diagrams? Crust: How thick is it under oceans? _______________ km How thick under the continents? ______________ km Mantle: This dense layer made up of hot, ____________________ rock is located directly below the crust. Outer Core: This liquid layer is a “sea” of mostly _____________ and _____________. Inner Core: This is a solid sphere, which has a diameter of roughly __________ km. continued on next page Lithosphere: This is a combination of both the crust and the ___________________. It is divided into several ______________ moving plates. Asthenosphere: The tectonic plates move around on top of this ____________________ (which means able to move and change), semiliquid zone. Click on “Next Chapter: Plate Tectonics” 3) Plate Tectonics Follow the directions in the blue box to take you to the next step. Click on “HOW DO WE KNOW THIS?” Check out the “Continents on the Move” section. 200 million years ago: Pangaea splits up into ________________ and _________________ 135 million years ago: Gondwana splintered (broke apart) further into the ___________________________ landmass and the ______________________________ landmass. 65 million years ago: __________________ and _______________ separate from Africa. 50-40 million years ago: The ________________ landmass collides with Asia. Plate tectonics theory explains how and why _________________ , ___________________ , and other geologic events occur. Click on “Continents Over Time” to continue. Try the puzzle until you get it right, then answer the bonus question. Scientists believe that roughly 250 million years from now the Earth’s continents will be joined again. What name has been given to this future landmass? _________________________________ Click on the “Plate Boundaries” link to move on. 4) Plates & Boundaries Which is thicker: continental or oceanic crust? (circle one) Which tectonic plate contains the continents of Asia and Europe? __________________________________ What is an example of a convergent boundary? ______________________________________________________ What is an example of a divergent boundary? ______________________________________________________ What is an example of a transform boundary? ______________________________________________________ Page 2 continued on next page Scroll down until you see this map: Move the cursor over the items in the map key. Boundaries will light up in different colors on the map. What kind of boundary is there along the western coast of South America? ____________________________________ Click on “Plates and Boundaries Challenge” to continue. Read the directions before you click on “Begin”. What was your score for the second part of the challenge? ____________ out of 22. You can either try these challenges again by clicking on “Review”, or click on “next” to move on. How many plates did you correctly place? ___________ Read the directions before beginning the second part of the challenge. This is a little harder, so read carefully! 5) Slip, Slide, & Collide Check the photo credits on the bottom of this page. What volcano is shown erupting in the picture (in black and white)? ________________________________ Click on “See what happens at different plate boundaries” to continue. Convergent Boundaries – Colliding Plates: Scroll down to the first diagram Move the cursor over the words for more information. Page 3 What is the definition of “trench” in this diagram? _____________ ______________________________________________________ Scroll down past the next diagram a little further. Subduction zones lead to the formation of chains of islands known as _____________________________. A tsunami is a __________________________________________ _____________________________________________________. Scroll down to the next diagram, and move the cursor over the words for more information. A ____________________ is the border between two tectonic plates. continued on next page In the next paragraph: The two best-known peaks of the Himalayas are Mt. Everest and _______. Both are over ____________ meters (26,000 feet) high. Click on “Next” to continue. Scroll down to the next diagram. Click on “START” to view the animation. Divergent Boundaries – Spreading Plates: When two continental plates diverge (move apart), a valley-like ___________ develops. What fills up the rift valley, as the plates are moving apart? ________________________ Scroll down to the next diagram. The San Andreas Fault has been the origin of what 3 major earthquakes? ____________________________________ , ______________________ , _________________________. Click on “Plate Interactions Challenge” to continue. Take the challenge and record your score here: _________ out of 10. When you are finished, click on “final”. 6) Test Skills Enter your FULL NAME(S) and take the test. Good luck! When done, click on the red “See Your Results” button. When a new window pops up with your test, print ONLY THE FIRST PAGE of your test. If you’re not sure how to do this, ASK FOR HELP! Staple the test page to this packet and turn them in. 7) Bonus Question: What do you think was the best or most interesting part of this activity? _____________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 8) Super Bonus Question: Write your own question about something you still want to know more about after completing this activity. ____________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ Great job! Hopefully now you’ll better understand why the Earth is so wild. Page 4