Download Specialized Tissues In Plants

Specialized Tissues In Plants
Types of Plant Tissue
• Dermal tissue – the tissue covering the outside of the plant body
• Periderm – the part of the dermal tissue in plants that makes up the outer bark
in trees and other woody plants
• Epidermis – the outermost tissue layer
• Cuticle – waxy, waterproof coating secreted by epidermal cells
• Stomata – (singular - stoma) the pores on plant surfaces that function
in gas exchange
• Vascular tissue – the plant
tissue composed of conducting
tubes of xylem
and phloem
• Xylem – transfers
• Phloem – transfers sugars
water and minerals
throughout the plant
upwards from the roots
• Companion cells – load
to the leaves
sugars into sieve-tube
members
• Tracheids – the elongated
cells that provide structure
• Sieve-tubes – the cells that
as well as conducting water
join end to end forming a
and minerals
tube through which sugars
are transported through the
• Vessel elements – the shortened
cells that connect end to end as vessels in
plant
order to transport water and minerals
• Ground tissue – the tissue system that makes up the bulk of the plant body
• Parenchyma – the cells of the ground tissue of plants where sugars are synthesized and stored
• Collenchyma – gives support to young and growing parts of the plant
• Sclerenchyma – the rigid cells of the ground tissue that contain a hardening agent to give support to the plant
Biology 16.2 – Specialized Tissues In Plants
Specialized Tissues In Plants
Stems
• Plant organs grouped into two systems
• Root system - underground structures
• Shoot system – above ground structures
• Stems – vertical stalk or main trunk
• Provides support
• Transports water, minerals, and food
• Stem structures
• Epidermis provides structural support
• Sclerenchyma cells in ground tissue provide
additional support
• Cortex – ground tissue between epidermis and vascular bundles
• Parenchyma cells store carbohydrates and oils
Roots
•
•
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Anchor plants
Absorb water through outermost epidermis
Store food in the cortex
Root cap – the area that surrounds and protects the epidermal cells and
apical meristem at the tip of the plant root
• Osmosis moves water
• Into roots
• Through tissues into xylem
• Transpiration – the evaporation of water through the stomata on the leaves
of plants
• Evaporating water pulls water molecules through cohesion
• Water moves up toward the leaves
Biology 16.2 – Specialized Tissues In Plants
Specialized Tissues In Plants
Leaves
• Leaves – photosynthetic organs of the plant
• Epidermis protects and prevents water loss
• Mesophyll – the area between the upper and lower epidermis of a leaf where the majority of photosynthesis occurs
• Palisade layer – cells just below
the upper epidermis where most
of the chloroplasts are located
• Spongy layer – the bottom
layer of the mesophyll that
contains many open spaces
that connect to stomata
Flowers
• Angiosperms produce flowers
• Used as reproductive organs for the plant
• Tissue structure is similar to leaves
• Flower structure
• Sepals – an outer ring of modified leaves on the flower that provide
protection to the flower before it opens and are usually green
• Petals – colorful and often scented
• Stamens – male structures
• Anther and filament
• Pistil – female structure
• Stigma, style, and ovary
Biology 16.2 – Specialized Tissues In Plants