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Name Period Date Parent Signature Test Review--Digestion DEFINE THE TERMS AND FILL IN THE BLANKS BELOW: 1) Physical Chanÿe (not digestion) - A CHANGE IN SIZE, SHAPE, OR STATE OF MAI-I'ER THAT DOES NOT CHANGE THE SUBSTANCE'S COMPOSITION. List 4 examples of physical changes (not occurring in the digestive system): 2) CHANGING STATE OF MATTER - SOLID TO LIQUID, LIQUID TO SOLID, ETC. 3) CRUMPLING A PIECE OF PAPER 4) BREAKING A PIECE OF GLASS 5) CHOPPING A CARROT INTO TINY PIECES 6) Chemical Chanÿe (not digestion)- ANY CHANGE THAT CREATES A NEW SUBSTANCE BY ALTERING THE CHEMICAL MAKEUP OF A COMPOUND List 4 examples of chemical changes (not in the digestive system): 7) IRON RUSTING 8) BAKING A CAKE 9) BURNING LOGS IN A CAMPFIRE 10) MIXING TOGETHER BAKING SODA AND VINEGAR The main function of the digestive system is to 11) BREAK DOWN food from 12) LARGE molecules into smaller 13) MOLECULES so that 14) NUTRIENTS can be absorbed into the 15) BLOOD STREAM. Digestion causes changes by two different types of processes: 16) PHYSICAL (ALSO CALLED MECHANICAL) &, 17) CHEMICAL. COMPLETE THE TABLE BELOW ABOUT THE TWO TYPES OF DIGESTION: PHYSICAL CHANGES IN DIG ESTIVE CHEMICAL CHANGES IN DIGESTION ORGAN DIGESTION I"lg:'TE E---TH""€'U-TI-G-RÿiNDZA--ND- BREAK ....................... M'0%-TH-- .......... ÿI9_'-S-ALiv'-Aÿ'8REAKS-DOWN-FO-ÿOD-iN-T-O ...... FOOD DOWN INTO SMALLER PIECES ------ i CARBOHYDRATES 1 (teeth & tongue)[ 20. MOVES YOUR FOOD BY WAVES OF MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS CALLED ESOPHAGUS 21. NONE PERISTALSIS. 22. BREAKS DOWN FOOD BY MIXING, 23. DIGESTIVE ACIDS AND ENZYMES STOMACH BREAK DOWN AND DISSOLVE FOOD INTO USABLE SMALL MOLECULES CHURNING, AND TOSSING AROUND THE FOOD 24. MOVES FOOD ALONG TO THE LARGE INTESTINE; MOVES NUTRIENTS INTO THE BLOOD STREAM ! SMALL i2s. ENZYMES BREAK DOWN THE INTESTINE PROTEINS, FATS, AND CARBOHYDRATES 26. ABSORBS EXTRA NUTRIENTS AND WATER. FORMS WASTES INTO MORE LARGE T 27. NONE INTESTINE i SOLID, DRIER FORM - FECES.ÿi 28. STORES FECES UNTIL IT IS READY RECTUM i29. NONE TO BE RELEASED FROM THE BODY & ANUS i [ During our lab activity, we chewed, but didn't swallow a cracker. After chewing for a while and letting the cracker sit in your mouth for a while, the cracker began to taste sweet for most people. Explain what happens to the cracker that causes this. 30) SALIVA IN THE MOUTH BREAKS DOWN THE CARBOHYDRATES IN THE CRACKER INTO SUGAR. ° The cells in every organism contain the element 32) CARBON. We know this because we know that living organisms are made of organic compounds and organic compounds must contain 32) CARBON and one or more of the following elements: 33) HYDROGEN, 34) OXYGEN, 35) PHOSPHORUS, 36) NITROGEN, and 37) SULFUR. The foods we eat contain organic compounds in the form of 38) PROTEINS, 39) CARBOHYDRATES, and 40) LIPIDS. When shown models of different compounds listing the elements found in each, how can you tell if the compound is organic or inorganic? 41)THOSE COMPOUNDS MUST CONTAIN CARBON AND AT LEAST ONE OF THE FOLLOWING ELEMENTS: HYROGEN, OXYGEN, PHOSPHORUS, NITROGEN, & SULFUR. Key words that help us know that a type of digestion or change is chemical are 42) ACIDS, 43) ENZYMES, and 43) SALIVA, Our bo-dies convert stored-45) CHEMICAl. energy in foodsinto usable 46) MECHANICAL energy that allows us to move and grow. Some of the stored 47) CHEMICAL energy in the foods we eat is used to maintain our body temperatures in the form of THERMAL energy. How do the nutrients get from the foods we eat to all the other parts of our bodies? 48) THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM BREAKS DOWN FOODS INTO SMALL MOLECULES. ONCE INSIDE THE SMALL INTESTINE, THE NUTRIENTS ARE ABSORBED BY THE VILLI LINING THE WALLS OF THE SMALL INTESTINES AND ARE MOVED INTO THE BLOOD STREAM WHERE THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM CARRIES THE NUTRIENTS TO ALL PARTS OF THE BODY. Why do digestive enzymes and acids work better on many small pieces of food rather than one large piece of food? 49)A LARGE PIECE OF FOOD THAT IS CUT INTO MANY SMALLER PIECES OF FOOD HAS MORE SURFACE AREA THAN THE ORIGINAL LARGE PIECE OF FOOD. THIS ALLOWS MORE AREA FOR THE ENZYMES AND OR ACIDS TO WORK ON THE FOOD. Plants convert the Sun's energy to glucose. Plants use this glucose to grow and reproduce. When we eat plants, we use the glucose that is stored in the plants for us to move and grow. What do our bodies need to do the molecules of glucose before our bodies can use them? 50) OUR BODIES MUST BREAK DOWN THE LARGE MOLECULES INTO SMALLER MOLECULES SO THAT THEY ARE USABLE BY THE BODY. Complete the following table: Organic compounds found in What our bodies break foods we eat. these down to, so that we are able to use them. Carbohydrates Lipids (fats, oils, wax) _ =_ 51. SUGARS S2. FATTY ACIDS ................ Proteins 53. AMINO ACIDS