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Test Review--Digestion
DEFINE THE TERMS AND FILL IN THE BLANKS BELOW:
1) Physical Chanÿe (not digestion) - A CHANGE IN SIZE, SHAPE, OR STATE OF MAI-I'ER THAT DOES NOT
CHANGE THE SUBSTANCE'S COMPOSITION.
List 4 examples of physical changes (not occurring in the digestive system):
2) CHANGING STATE OF MATTER - SOLID TO LIQUID, LIQUID TO SOLID, ETC.
3) CRUMPLING A PIECE OF PAPER
4) BREAKING A PIECE OF GLASS
5) CHOPPING A CARROT INTO TINY PIECES
6) Chemical Chanÿe (not digestion)- ANY CHANGE THAT CREATES A NEW SUBSTANCE BY ALTERING THE
CHEMICAL MAKEUP OF A COMPOUND
List 4 examples of chemical changes (not in the digestive system):
7) IRON RUSTING
8) BAKING A CAKE
9) BURNING LOGS IN A CAMPFIRE
10) MIXING TOGETHER BAKING SODA AND VINEGAR
The main function of the digestive system is to 11) BREAK DOWN food from
12) LARGE molecules into smaller 13) MOLECULES so that
14) NUTRIENTS can be absorbed into the 15) BLOOD STREAM.
Digestion causes changes by two different types of processes: 16) PHYSICAL (ALSO CALLED MECHANICAL)
&, 17) CHEMICAL.
COMPLETE THE TABLE BELOW ABOUT THE TWO TYPES OF DIGESTION:
PHYSICAL CHANGES IN
DIG ESTIVE
CHEMICAL CHANGES IN
DIGESTION
ORGAN
DIGESTION
I"lg:'TE E---TH""€'U-TI-G-RÿiNDZA--ND- BREAK ....................... M'0%-TH-- .......... ÿI9_'-S-ALiv'-Aÿ'8REAKS-DOWN-FO-ÿOD-iN-T-O ......
FOOD DOWN INTO SMALLER PIECES
------
i CARBOHYDRATES
1 (teeth & tongue)[
20. MOVES YOUR FOOD BY WAVES
OF MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS CALLED
ESOPHAGUS 21. NONE
PERISTALSIS.
22. BREAKS DOWN FOOD BY MIXING,
23. DIGESTIVE ACIDS AND ENZYMES
STOMACH
BREAK DOWN AND DISSOLVE FOOD
INTO USABLE SMALL MOLECULES
CHURNING, AND TOSSING AROUND
THE FOOD
24. MOVES FOOD ALONG TO THE
LARGE INTESTINE; MOVES NUTRIENTS
INTO THE BLOOD STREAM
!
SMALL i2s. ENZYMES BREAK DOWN THE
INTESTINE PROTEINS, FATS, AND CARBOHYDRATES
26. ABSORBS EXTRA NUTRIENTS AND
WATER. FORMS WASTES INTO MORE
LARGE
T
27. NONE
INTESTINE i
SOLID, DRIER FORM - FECES.ÿi
28. STORES FECES UNTIL IT IS READY
RECTUM i29. NONE
TO BE RELEASED FROM THE BODY
& ANUS i
[
During our lab activity, we chewed, but didn't swallow a cracker. After chewing for a while and letting the
cracker sit in your mouth for a while, the cracker began to taste sweet for most people. Explain what
happens to the cracker that causes this. 30) SALIVA IN THE MOUTH BREAKS DOWN THE
CARBOHYDRATES IN THE CRACKER INTO SUGAR.
°
The cells in every organism contain the element 32) CARBON. We know this because we know that living
organisms are made of organic compounds and organic compounds must contain
32) CARBON and one or more of the following elements: 33) HYDROGEN,
34) OXYGEN, 35) PHOSPHORUS, 36) NITROGEN, and 37) SULFUR.
The foods we eat contain organic compounds in the form of 38) PROTEINS,
39) CARBOHYDRATES, and 40) LIPIDS.
When shown models of different compounds listing the elements found in each, how can you tell if the
compound is organic or inorganic? 41)THOSE COMPOUNDS MUST CONTAIN CARBON AND AT LEAST
ONE OF THE FOLLOWING ELEMENTS: HYROGEN, OXYGEN, PHOSPHORUS, NITROGEN, & SULFUR.
Key words that help us know that a type of digestion or change is chemical are 42) ACIDS,
43) ENZYMES, and 43) SALIVA,
Our bo-dies convert stored-45) CHEMICAl. energy in foodsinto usable
46) MECHANICAL energy that allows us to move and grow.
Some of the stored 47) CHEMICAL energy in the foods we eat is used to maintain our
body temperatures in the form of THERMAL energy.
How do the nutrients get from the foods we eat to all the other parts of our bodies? 48) THE DIGESTIVE
SYSTEM BREAKS DOWN FOODS INTO SMALL MOLECULES. ONCE INSIDE THE SMALL INTESTINE, THE
NUTRIENTS ARE ABSORBED BY THE VILLI LINING THE WALLS OF THE SMALL INTESTINES AND ARE
MOVED INTO THE BLOOD STREAM WHERE THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM CARRIES THE NUTRIENTS TO
ALL PARTS OF THE BODY.
Why do digestive enzymes and acids work better on many small pieces of food rather than one large piece of
food? 49)A LARGE PIECE OF FOOD THAT IS CUT INTO MANY SMALLER PIECES OF FOOD HAS MORE
SURFACE AREA THAN THE ORIGINAL LARGE PIECE OF FOOD. THIS ALLOWS MORE AREA FOR THE
ENZYMES AND OR ACIDS TO WORK ON THE FOOD.
Plants convert the Sun's energy to glucose. Plants use this glucose to grow and reproduce. When we eat
plants, we use the glucose that is stored in the plants for us to move and grow. What do our bodies need to
do the molecules of glucose before our bodies can use them? 50) OUR BODIES MUST BREAK DOWN THE
LARGE MOLECULES INTO SMALLER MOLECULES SO THAT THEY ARE USABLE BY THE BODY.
Complete the following table:
Organic compounds found in What our bodies break
foods we eat.
these down to, so that we
are able to use them.
Carbohydrates
Lipids (fats, oils, wax)
_
=_
51. SUGARS
S2. FATTY ACIDS
................
Proteins
53. AMINO ACIDS