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Victory and Defeat in the Greek World Early Western Civilization Chapter 5, Section 3 The Persian Wars by Mario Sánchez i Candela • Ionian Greeks in Asia Minor rebelled against Persians, Athens sent ships to help them in 499 B.C. • Rebel cities are crushed; King Darius wants to punish Athens Outbreak of War • King Darius sent messengers to Greek city-states, demanding gifts • Spartans and Athenians refuse, throw messengers down a well and a pit Run Pheidippides Run… • King Darius was furious and sent ships to attack the city of Marathon, which was just north of Athens • Greeks outnumbered 2 to 1, but won anyway • Pheidippides ran 26.2 miles to Athens to tell Athens, died upon arriving Turning Point in European History • Darius’s son Xerxes sent an even bigger army to conquer Greece • Greece wins war because of three critical battles Athenians at Marathon Spartans at Thermopylae Naval Battle at Salamis The Spartans at Thermopylae • Sparta fought until every last man was dead • Persians marched to Athens and burned it, but had lost far more men The Battle at Salamis Postwar Athens • Athens becomes most powerful city-state • It organized the Delian League, an alliance of city-states • Used its influence to create an Athenian Empire The Age of Pericles • Pericles hired the best architects, had the Acropolis rebuilt • He turned Athens into the cultural center of Greece Greek vs. Greek • To counter Athens, Sparta forms the Peloponnesian League • A 27 year war, the Peloponnesian War, breaks out • With the help of Persia, Sparta defeats Athens Consequences • War ends Athenian greatness • Democracy suffers • Both city states were extremely weakened