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CLASSIFICATION • Tool used to gain a better understanding of nature • It is a grouping of objects or information based on similarities • Taxonomy is the branch of biology concerned with the grouping and naming of organisms • Taxonomists – biologists that study taxonomy • He classified all living things into two major groups • Plants - divided by size and structure – Small – herbs – Medium – shrubs – Large – trees • Animals – divided by habitat – Land dwellers – Air dwellers – Water dwellers • Developed method of classification still used today • Based his classification on physical characteristics – the more characteristics organisms share, the more closely related they are • Invented the two-word system used to identify species • System devised by Linnaeus that gives each organism two names – scientific name • Uses Latin (a dead language) – Genus • First word that identifies the species • Consists of a group of closely related species • It is always CAPITALIZED and either italicized or underlined • Species – Second word of a scientific name • Is often an adjective that describes the organism • Is uncapitalized and either italicized or underlined • Felis leo or Felis leo • Felis domesticus • Felis concolor • Genus species • Scientific name • Series of categories that organisms are classified into • The more taxa that organisms have in common, the more closely related they are to each other, the more features they will have in common • KINGDOM – is the most inclusive taxon • PHYLUM – is a group of closely related classes (called divisions in plants) • CLASS – is a group of closely related orders • ORDER – is a group of related families • FAMILY – is a group of closely related genera • GENUS – is a group of closely related species • SPECIES – is a group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring kingdom kingdom kingdom kingdom phylum phylum class kingdom class order order family genus family genus species genus kingdom Kingdom Animalia Animalia Animalia Plantae Phylum Chordata Chordata Arthropoda Anthophyta Class Mammalia Reptilia Insecta Dicotyledonae Order Primates Chelonia Diptera Fagales Family Hominidae Emydidae Culilcidae Fagaceae Genus Homo Terrapene Theobaldia Quercus Species sapiens carolina anulata alba Kingdom Animal Animal Animal Animal Phylum Chordata Chordata Chordata Chordata Class Mammalia Mammalia Mammalia Mammalia Order Carnivora Carnivora Carnivora Carnivora Family Felidae Felidae Felidae Canidae Genus Felis Felis Panthera Canis Species domesticus leo pardus lupus The true bacteria • Are prokaryotic (lack a membrane bound nucleus) • Are unicellular • Nutrition: • Some are autotrophic (produce their own food); • others are heterotrophic (obtain nutrients from an outside source); are decomposers BACTERIA BLUE-GREEN ALGAE Archaebacteria – The ancient bacteria – Are found in extreme environments such as salt lakes, swamps, and deep-ocean vents • The old system, Kingdoms Eubacteria and Archaebacteria were together in one kingdom called the kingdom MONERA. • Includes unicellular & multicellular organisms • Are eukaryotic (have a nucleus) • Are autotrophic or heterotrophic EUGLENA PARAMECIUM AMEOBA • Are unicellular or multicellular • Are eukaryotic • Are heterotrophs – absorb their food from living or nonliving sources • Are nonmotile • Representatives – water molds, ringworm, athlete’s foot YEAST • • • • • • • • Are multicelluar Are eukaryotic Are autotrophs Have chloroplasts – green parts that absorb sunlight Cell walls made of cellulose nonmotile REPRESENTATIVES: flowering plants, grasses, trees, mosses, ferns • • • • • Multicellular Eukaryotic Heterotrophic Motile – can move Representatives
