Download Ch. 23 The French Revolution

Warm-Up:
The French Revolution
Read the paragraph on the left and answer the questions on the right.
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You are returning home
from a bakery that is out
of bread- again. You have
no food to take to your
starving children. You are
desperate.
Suddenly you turn a corner
and come upon the king’s
palace. King Louis and his
wife are living there in
luxury while your children
and most of your fellow
citizens are starving. You
see a mob surrounding the
palace, demanding food and
relief from heavy taxes.
They have turned violent.
How could such a situation
develop in one of the
most advanced
countries in the world?
What could make people
angry enough to
behead others and
then carry their heads
on poles?
How successful could a
revolution of peasants
be?
Unit 11 Vocabulary
• Regime: the current system of
government of a country
• Radical: Europeans who favored
drastic political change
• Conservative: Europeans who
favored a traditional government,
with few changes
Ch.
23
The French Revolution
(1789 – 1815)
Setting the Stage…
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France was the most
advanced country of
Europe in the 1700s
Center of Enlightenment
Large population
Prosperous foreign trade
Behind the scenes:
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High prices, high
taxes, questions
raised by the
Enlightenment
The Old Regime:
Social Classes of France
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First Estate
 Clergy of the Roman
Catholic Church
 Less than 1% of
population
 Owned 10% of land
 Paid 2% of income
in taxes
Second Estate:
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Second Estate
 Rich nobles
 2% of population
 Owned 20% of
land
 Paid no taxes
Third Estate:
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Third Estate
 Bourgeoisie (merchants,
artisans); Urban workers;
Peasant farmers
 98% of population
 Paid 50% of income in
taxes
 Believed in Enlightenment
ideas
Women of the Revolution
Forces of Change Leading to
Revolution…
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Enlightenment Ideas:
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Economic Woes:
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Questioned equality,
liberty, and democracy
Inspired by the American
Revolution
Taxes; high cost of living;
bad weather; high price of
bread; govt. debt
Social Divisions:
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Huge gap between the
rich and poor
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A Weak Leader:
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Louis XVI and Marie
Antoinette
Revolution Brings Reform
and Terror
Chapter 23
Section 2
The Assembly Begins to Reform France…
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National Assembly
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Declaration of the Rights of
Man
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Made up of the Third Estate
Demands rights and makes laws
Influenced by Enlightenment and
the Declaration of Independence
Natural rights of liberty,
property, security and resistance
to oppression
King Louis XVI tried to flee
France with his family but was
caught
New Government of France:
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The National Assembly
created a limited
constitutional monarchy
King has executive power
and enforces laws
The Legislative
Assembly created laws
approved war
War and Extreme Measures
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Austria and Prussia proposed France put
King Louis back on the throne
The Legislative Assembly declared war
on Austria
Prussia threatened to destroy Paris if
the royal family was harmed
French stormed the palace of Tuileries
and imprisoned King Louis and Marie
Antoinette
Storming of
Tulieries
1792
Execution of the King
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National Convention
declared France a
republic (no more
monarchy)
King Louis XVI was
tried for treason and
found guilty
Sentenced to death by
the guillotine
Dr. Guillotine
punishment
& more humane
The Reign of Terror: 1793-1794
Maximilien Robespierre
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Ruled as a dictator for nearly
a year
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Had 40,000 people killed by
the guillotine for any reason;
85% were peasants
Most famous execution was of
Marie Antoinette
Reorganized the workweek &
calendar
Goal was to end any control of
aristocrats
1794: Robespierre executed
Histeria: French Revolution Video
Histeria's The French Revolution YouTube
In Depth Look at the Guillotine:
Notebook Activity: Spiral pg. 25 Right
side
Textbook pg. 581
Answer the following questions in your spiral:
1. What earlier forms of punishment did France use
before the Guillotine?
2. Dr. Guillotine claimed his invention was not a cruel
form of punishment, why?
3. How long could a victim’s head retain its hearing and
eyesight?
4. How many people were executed in the last 132 days
of the Reign of Terror?
5. Which social class suffered the most beheadings?
6. How long was a victim paraded through the city
streets before their execution?