Download Name: Date: Period:______ United States History B Chapter 12

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United States History B
Chapter 12 Study Guide
World War I and the Disruption of Europe
1. List the three countries that formed the Triple Alliance in the late 19th century:
2.
List the three countries that formed the Triple Entente in the early 20th century:
3.
Whose assassination in 1914 started World War I?
4.
What military conflict involved nations from around the world that centered on Europe and lasted for four years?
5.
What position did the United States take with the outbreak of World War I?
6.
What kind of warfare was used during World War I?
7.
What new weapon forced a defensive style land war?
8.
What was the largest and bloodiest battle of World War I?
9.
What new weapon enabled armies to go on the offensive again and ended trench warfare?
10. Which British ship was carrying war munitions when it was sunk in 1915 by Germany killing 128 Americans and became a major reason for
America’s entrance into World War I?
11. What was the day, month, and year that the United States entered World War I?
12. What was the large effort to mobilize public opinion behind the war, to mobilize manufacturing, agriculture, and the home front in general?
13. What was created by the Wilson administration, not by an act of Congress, that coordinated and directed the production of military supplies?
14. What three mechanisms were used to finance the war?
15. Who led the American Expeditionary Force?
16. What was the day, month, and year of the armistice that ended hostilities in World War I?
17. What event was the decisive break between the 19th and 20th centuries and ended most European monarchies and empires?
18. Which United States President developed a plan for post war Europe?
19. What was this plan called?
20. What formally ended World War I?
21. Which country received full blame for the war and was forced to pay $300 Billion?
22. What did the treatment of Germany after WWI lead to?
23. What foreign policy did the Founding Fathers establish with the founding of our country?
24. Which country would have won WWI if the United States had not entered the war?
25. What world conflict would never have taken place had the United States not entered the war?
26. What international organization was formed after World War I and became a precursor to the United Nations and Global Government?
27. Definition- Those members of the Senate who would not be reconciled in any way to United States membership in the League of Nations. They joined
with either of the other groupings of Senators to vote against joining with or without reservations:
28. In what year did the Senate reject the League of Nations, thus preserving United States sovereignty?
Bolshevism and the Spread of Totalitarianism
29. Who was the last emperor of Russia?
30. Who was the confidant of the Romanov family and had a major role in their fall?
31. What provisional government took control of Russia after the February Revolution?
32. Definition- In Russian, the majority. Lenin’s faction got a majority on one of numerous votes at an international meeting of Marxists. This term was
given to the sole political party in the Soviet Union and was later changed to the Communist Party:
33. When did the Bolshevik Revolution take place?
34. Which Russian revolutionary led the October Revolution, established Communism, and changed Russia to the Soviet Union?
35. What is a system in which the government is unrestricted in the use of power and intrudes its power into as many aspects of the lives of the people as it
chooses?
36. Definition- A political and economic system based on common ownership of property:
37. Definition- A Communist phrase used as a justification for concentration of power and dictatorship:
38. Who was second only to Lenin in the Bolshevik Revolution and was a political enemy to Joseph Stalin?
39. Definition- An abbreviation of the Communist International, organized in the Soviet Union after World War I. It was headquartered in Moscow,
controlled by Soviet authorities, aimed to spread Communism around the world both by open and covert means, and usually controlled Communist
parties in other countries:
40. Definition- A policy instituted by Lenin in 1921. It restored some measure of freedom to the economy, allowing small traders, manufacturers, and
farmers to trade and produce privately:
41. Who was the head of the Federal Bureau of Investigation and was an ardent anti-communist?
42. What parties were organized, and engaged in terrorist activities in the early 20s in America?
43. What tactic did the Communists use during the First Red Scare (1917-1920) that involved bombing public officials and prominent Americans?
44. Which Attorney General rounded up several thousand members of the Communist parties in the United States?
45. What act was an effort to resist foreign invasion and sought to maintain the current make up of American heritage?
46. What was the new name given to Communist Russia and the territories that it dominated in the 20th century?
47. Who became the leader of the Soviet Union upon the death of Lenin?
48. What economic plans did he direct?
49. Definition- A Russian farmer with small landholdings and income. Stalin met resistance from them during the forced collectivization of agriculture in
the late 1920s and early 1930s. They were brutally crushed and millions of them died:
50. Definition- A system of interrogation employed by the secret police in the prisons of the Soviet Union in order to get confessions. It involved a variety
of deprivations, discomfort, and sometimes torture, but above all, extended periods of questioning by relays of fresh interrogators. The main object is
to wear the prisoner down to the point that he will give the desired confession:
51. What slave labor camp system was established as a lesson to anyone who dared to question the regime?
52. Which fascist leader led the Blackshirts with their March on Rome and consolidated power in Italy?
53. Definition- A totalitarian political system established by Mussolini in Italy in the 1920s. It was collectivist, nationalist, and aggressively expansionist.
Like totalitarian systems elsewhere, it had a dictatorship, one-party rule, government control of the economy, and was oppressive:
54. Who founded the Nazi Party, wrote Mein Kampf, and became dictator in Germany?
55. What was the name given to members of Adolf Hitler’s private army?
The 1920s in America
56. Which writer and journalist served in World War I and wrote For Whom the Bell Tolls?
57. Which writer and expatriate wrote This Side of Paradise and The Great Gatsby?
58. Who joined the Communist Party, became deeply involved in subversive activities as a Communist agent, and confessed to his betrayal of his country,
and recounted how his college experience indoctrinated him in his communist beliefs?
59. Which President said that America needs to return to “normalcy” and died while in office?
60. In what year did the United States enter a massive depression but recovered quickly (only 18 months) because the federal government refused to
intervene in the economic affairs of the nation?
61. Which Secretary of the Treasury worked to reduce the debt, to reduce taxes, and to encourage private investment?
62. What bribery scandal involved the White House administration during the Harding presidency?
63. Who was the most Constitutional President of the 20th century, believed in free market principles, and became President upon the death of Warren G.
Harding?
64. What led much of the prosperity of the 1920s?
65. Which great American businessmen and entrepreneur produced the Model “T” using the assembly line?
66. Definition- The claim that a certain amount of money is necessary for the effective operation of an economy. Rather than allowing prices to adjust to
the money supply, those who follow this economic philosophy seek to maintain prices at some level by adjusting the money supply. They usually
favor an inflation of the currency:
67. What set the stage for the Great Depression in the 1920s?
68. What phrase is used to describe the 1920s?
69. Which aviator was the greatest hero of the 1920s?
70. In what year did he fly solo across the Atlantic from New York to Paris?
71. What was known as “The Noble Experiment” and banned the sale, manufacture, and transportation of alcohol?
72. What three things increased with the passage of Prohibition?
73. What was the major negative effect of “The Noble Experiment”?
74. Who built an underground empire in Chicago based on the sale of illegal beverages?
75. What trial took place over evolution and involved William Jennings Bryan and Clarence Darrow?