Download 0 Managing Human Resources

管
理
學
第十章 人力資源管理
Managing Human Resources
The only job security you have today is your commitment to
continuous personal improvement.
— Ken Blanchard
• Microsoft, ADK
Attractive, Develop, Keep
• Governmental Laws and Regulations, (勞基法 basic )
Labor-management relations
• Resume: ppt.
http://www.vault.com/nr/ht_list.jsp?ht_type=8
2
綱 要
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
10.5
人力資源管理程序
辨認與選擇能勝任的員工
提供員工必要的技巧與知識
留住勝任，高績效員工
人力資源管理之當前問題
3
10.1 The Importance of HRM
• As a necessary part of the organizing
function of management
• As an important strategic tool
• Adds value to the firm
討論：1.熟悉相關法令
2.勞資關係良好
3.競爭優勢之來源
4
Examples of High-Performance Work Practices
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Self-managed teams
Decentralized decision making
Training programs to develop knowledge, skills, and abilities
Flexible job assignments
Open communication
Performance-based compensation
Staffing based on person–job and person–organization fit
5
10.1 The HRM Process
Environment
Human
Resource
Planning
Recruitment
Selection
Identification and selection
of competent employees
Decruitment
Orientation
Training
Performance
Management
Career
Development
Adapted and competent
employees with up-to-date
skills and knowledge
Compensation
and
Benefits
Competent employees who
are capable of sustaining high
performance over the long term
Environment
6
Environmental Factors Affecting HRM: 1. Employee Labor
Unions, 2. Governmental Laws and Regulations
1963
1964
1967
1973
1974
1978
1986
1988
1990
1991
1993
1996
2003
2004
Equal Pay Act
Civil Rights Act, Title VII (amended in 1972)
Age Discrimination in Employment Act
Vocational Rehabilitation Act
Privacy Act
Mandatory Retirement Act
Immigration Reform and Control Act
Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act
Americans with Disabilities Act
Civil Rights Act of 1991
Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996
Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act
FairPay Overtime Initiative
7
Affirmative Action
• The requirement that organizations take proactive steps
to ensure the full participation of protected groups in its
workforce.
• 喜憨兒餐廳，陽光洗車
8
10.2 Steps in HR Planning
1. Assessing current human resources
2. Assessing future needs for human resources
3. Developing a program to meet those future
needs
9
Job Analysis: Benchmarking
• Job Description
– A written statement of what the job holder does, how it is
done, and why it is done.
• Job Specification
– A written statement of the minimum qualifications that a
person must possess to perform a given job successfully.
10
Recruitment and Decruitment
• Recruitment
– The process of locating, identifying, and attracting
capable applicants to an organization
• Decruitment
– The process of reducing a surplus of employees in
the workforce of an organization
• Online Recruiting
– Recruitment of employees through the Internet
• Organizational Web sites, Online recruiters
11
Major Sources of Potential Job
Candidates
•
•
•
•
•
Internet
Employee referrals
Company Web Site
College recruiting
Professional recruiting organizations
12
Decruitment, 失空斬
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Firing
Layoffs
Attrition
Transfers
Reduced workweeks
Early retirements
Job sharing
13
Suggestions for Interviewing, 如何移動富士山？
1. Structure a fixed set of questions for all applicants.
2. Have detailed information about the job for which applicants
are interviewing.
3. Minimize any prior knowledge of applicants’ background,
experience, interests, test scores, or other characteristics.
4. Ask behavioral questions that require applicants to give
detailed accounts of actual job behaviors.
5. Use a standardized evaluation form.
6. Take notes during the interview.
7. Avoid short interviews that encourage premature decision
making.
14
Quality of Selection Devices as Predictors
15
10.3 Orientation: Transitioning a new
employee into the organization.
– Work-unit orientation
• Familiarizes new employee with work-unit goals
• Introduces he or she to his or her coworkers
– Organization orientation
• Informs new employee about the organization’s
objectives, history, philosophy, procedures, and rules.
• Includes a tour of the entire facility
16
Employee Training Methods
• Traditional
Training Methods
– On-the-job
– Job rotation
– Mentoring and coaching
– Experiential exercises
– Workbooks/manuals
– Classroom lectures
• Technology-Based
Training Methods
– CDROM/DVD/videotapes/
audiotapes
– Videoconferencing/
teleconferencing/
satellite TV
– E-learning (OCW)
– Case study
17
10.4 Performance Appraisal Methods
Written essays
Critical incidents
Graphic rating scales
BARS
Multiperson comparisons
MBO
360-degree appraisals
18
Compensation and Benefits
• Types of Compensation
– Base wage or salary
– Wage and salary add-ons
– Incentive payments
– Skill-based pay
– Variable pay
• Benefits
19
Factors That Influence Compensation and Benefits
20
Career Development
• Career Defined
– The sequence of positions held by a person during his
or her lifetime
– Boundaryless Career
• A career in which individuals, not organizations, define
career progression and organizational loyalty
21
10.1~10.4 人力資源管理之程序
0. 重要的環境考量
1. 人力資源規劃
2. 招募，裁員
4. 引導
5. 員工訓練
6. 員工績效管理
7. 薪資，福利
3. 甄選
8. 生涯發展
討論： 1. 常用，有效？
2. 心理測驗量表
3. 有創意的履歷表？ 4. 企業登龍術？
“A resume isn’t enough; it’s a balance sheet without any
liabilities.” by Craig Aberle, CEO of Microbiz.
22
Some Suggestions for a Successful Management Career
23
10.5 人力資源管理之當前問題
1. 組織重整，人力精簡
2. 工作人力之多樣性
3. 性騷擾
4. 兼顧家庭生活
5. Controlling HR Costs
Downsizing
Work Force Diversity
Sexual Harassment, Workplace Romances
Work-Life Balance
*人人都是管理者（宏碁）one on one with Andy Grove, by
Andrew S. Grove, 1987
* Jack Welch: 20/70/10
24
Managing Downsizing
– The planned elimination of jobs in an organization
• Provide open and honest communication.
• Provide assistance to employees being downsized.
• Reassure and counseling to surviving employees.
25
Managing Work Force Diversity
– Widen the recruitment net for diversity
– Ensure selection without discrimination
– Provide orientation and training that is effective
26
Sexual Harassment
– An unwanted activity of a sexual nature that
affects an individual’s employment
27
Work-Life Balance
– Organizations have become more attuned to their
employees by offering family-friendly benefits:
• On-site child care
• Summer day camps
• Flextime
• Job sharing
• Leave for personal matters
• Flexible job hours
28
Controlling HR Costs
– Employee health-care
• Encouraging healthy lifestyles
– Financial incentives
– Wellness programs
– Charging employees with poor health habits more
for benefits
– Employee pension plans
• Reducing pension benefits
• No longer providing pension plans
29
What College Graduates Want From Jobs
Top Factors for U.S.
Students
–
–
–
–
Work–life balance
Annual base salary
Job stability and security
Recognition for a job
done well
– Increasingly challenging
tasks
– Rotational programs
Top Factors for U.K.
Students
– International career
opportunities
– Flexible working hours
– Variety of assignments
– Paid overtime
30
The Unwritten Laws of Business
(1) 當你是職場新人
• However menial and trivial your early assignments may appear,
give them your best efforts.
• One of the first things you owe your supervisor is to keep him or her
informed of all significant developments.
(2) 當你成為管理者
• Do not try to do it all yourself.
• Put first things first in applying yourself to your job.
(3) 品格永遠是基本
• One of the most valuable personal traits is the ability to get along
with all kinds of people.
• Regard your personal integrity as one of your most important assets.
31
Team work
1. Case study: a manager’s dilemma (p.222)
(1) Identify and articulate business problems
(2) Gather and analyze information applicable
(3) Identify and apply an appropriate tool for solving problems.
2. Thinking critically about ethics (p.230)
(1) Identifies Dilemma.
(2) Considers Stakeholders
(3) Analyzes Alternatives and Consequences
3. Internet-based exercise (p.244)
3. Work on your resume.
4. HRM當前議題，擇一做報告。
5. 100 best companies to work for. (Fortune) 擇一做報告。 32
回 顧
1. 比較 job description vs. specification
2. 比較 work sampling vs. assessment centers
3. 區分 validity vs. reliability
33
The Planning-Controlling Link
Planning
· Goals
· Objectives
· Strategies
· Plans
Controlling
Organizing
· Standards
· Measurements
· Comparison
· Actions
· Structure
· Human
Resource
Management
Leading
· Motivation
· Leadership
· Communication
· Individual and
Group Behavior
34
Terms to Know
• high-performance work
practices
• human resource
management process
• labor union
• affirmative action
• job description
• job specification
• recruitment
• decruitment
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
work sampling
assessment centers
orientation
performance
management system
360 degree feedback
downsizing
sexual harassment
realistic job preview
(RJP)
35