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Names and Formulae Remember the pattern in naming chains of hydrocarbons 1 Carbon = methane CH4 2 Carbons = ethane C2H6 3 Carbons = propane C3H8 4 Carbons = butane C4H10 Alcohols The functional group in an alcohol is -OH To name them swap the –e for -ol 1 Carbon = methanol CH3OH 2 Carbons = ethanol C2H5OH 3 Carbons = propanol C3H7OH 4 Carbons = butanol C4H9OH Alcohols Q Why not write C2H6O? The formula gives us clues about the structure of the molecule The oxygen and hydrogen in the alcohol functional group are bonded and so are written together Carboxylic acids The functional group in a carboxylic acids is -COOH To name them swap the –e for –oic acid 1 Carbon = methanoic acid CH3COOH 2 Carbons = ethanoic acid C2H5COOH 3 Carbons = propanoic acid C3H7COOH 4 Carbons = butanoic acid C4H9COOH Esters These are made from the reaction of an alcohol with a carboxylic acid – The formula is not required for esters but you will need to write word equations ethanol + ethanoic acid methanol + butanoic acid butanol + propanoic acid ethylethanoate methylbutanoate butylpropanoate What do you notice about the naming of an ester? Try out your theory on the next slide – click on the equation to reveal the answer Esters methanol + butanoic acid methylbutanoate ethanol + propanoic acid ethylpropanoate propanol + methanoic acid propylmethanoate