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Aim: Vietnam War Do Now: Vocabulary Builder Homework: Page 785 #4-6 *Vocabulary Quiz on Friday *Scrapbooks due 5/11 *Cold War Test on Tuesday Korean War • After World War II, Korea was divided at the 38th parallel • North Korea was governed by communists supported by the Soviet Union • US backed noncommunist government in South Korea Advances and Retreats • 1950, North Korea moved across the 38th Parallel • Truman sent in army was unsuccessful at keeping North Koreans back • By August, communists controlled almost all of Korea • Turning Point Douglas Macarthur led surprise attack and pushed North Koreans back past 38th Parallel • MacArthur wanted to unite Korea and sent troops into North Korea • Chinese troops moved into North Korea and Americans retreated back into South Korea Ending the War • MacArthur wanted to attack China, in order to regain total control • Truman thought an attack would begin another world war and rejected the idea • After almost 2 years of peace talks, President Eisenhower led a ceasefire between the two nations Costs of War • 54,000 Americans lost their lives during the Korean War • 2 million Koreans and Chinese , lost their lives • Today, North Korea still remains a threat to the U.S. Struggle over Countries • US and Soviet Union struggled over nations of Africa, Asia and Latin America • Both the Soviets and the US gave aid to these nations, hoping to influence them Philippines • Philippines granted independence on July 4, 1946 • Communist rebels attempted to gain power, but were defeated • In 1965, Ferdinand Marcos became President India and Southeast Asia • In 1947, India gained independence from Britain • India divided into two nations; India and Pakistan • Pakistan became an ally of the US • India remained neutral but accepted money from both superpowers African Nations • More than 30 nations gained independence in the 50’s and 60’s • US and Soviet Union competed for allies, providing economic and military support • Superpowers fueled many civil wars in Africa Latin America • Throughout the Cold War, American Presidents supported dictators because they were anticommunist • Latin America were angry with the US for using the “Big Stick Policy” Vietnam War • North Vietnam became a communist nation under Ho Chi Minh • South Vietnam remained loyal to the United States • Communist Guerrillas called Vietcong spread influence within South Vietnam Domino Theory • The idea that if one nation in Southeast Asia fell to communism, neighboring countries would as well • US sent in troops to help prevent communist control over South Vietnam US involvement increases • Gulf of Tonkin Resolution allowed President to take all necessary measures to repeal any armed attack or to prevent further aggression • By 1968 President Johnson sent more than 500,000 troops to fight Division at Home • Hawks: Pro-War • Doves: Pro-Peace • Media allowed Americans to view ugly side of war, causing more opposition End of War • Tet Offensive: Vietcong attacked Saigan, the Capital of South Vietnam • Even though US troops pushed Vietcong back, US realized how strong Vietcong were • Nixon was elected with promise of ending the war • Between 1961 and 1973, over 58,000 Americans lost their lives • More that a million Vietnamese soldiers die and a half a million civilians died • War made many question how far the US should go to fight communism?