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Fill in the blanks from the following list: constant net straight 1. A moving object travels in a ~~__line at ~ speed unless it is acted on by a force. Unscramble the word and fill in the blank. 2. A dolphin that jumps out of the water is carried upward by its . (tiraine) 2.1 ARISTOTLE ON MOTION This section discusses Aristotle and his ideas about motion. Reading Strategy Monitoring Your Understanding Preview the key topics in this section. Then list two things you expect to learn. After reading, state what you learned. ~ I Who<1" _... L.~ 3. Aristotle made careful , collected , and all knowledge of the physical world. 4. Aristotle's 5. What is a force? approach laid the foundation for Western science. _ Before You Read After You Read 6.Vocabulary What kind of motion did Aristotle believe occurred without a force? _ Term Inertia 2.2 GAllLEO'S CONCEPT OF INERTIA Thissectiondiscusses Galileo andhis ideas aboutforces andmotion. Before You Read After You Read Vocabulary Term Reading Strategy ) Net force ~ Predicting Before you read this section, predict the meaning ofthe vocabulary term. After you read, revise your definition ifyour prediction was incorrect. Before You Read After You Read • Vocabulary Term Z(" , Copyright © 2010 Pearson Mechanical Education, Inc. Chapter 2 Newton's First Law of Motion-The Law of Inertia 9 equilibrium CHAPTER 2, Newton's First Law of Motion-The Law of Inertia (continued) 3. Aristotle made careful of the physical world. , collected 4. Aristotle's , and all knowledge approach laid the foundation for Western science. _ 5. What is a force? 7. According to legend, what experiment did Galileo perform from the Leaning Tower of Pisa? _ Before You Read After You Read Vocabulary Term Inertia 8. What did Galileo's experiment prove? _ 9. Galileo said that a fo~ce is required to an object object is moving, no force is Before You Readmoving, but once Afterthe You Read Vocabulary Term required to keep it moving except for the force needed to __~ _ Net force 10. Galileo noted that a ball rolling down an incline picks up speed. Why do you think this happens? Before You Read After You Read Vocabulary Term Mechanical equilibrium 11. Explain the property of inertia. _ 12. What invention helped Galileo's ideas reach many people? _ ) 25. True or False: Both pounds and newtons are units of weight. 26. _ 2.3 SPEED AND VELOCITY Stretching force is called _ 27. True or False: Units ofweight are units of force. _ Thissectiondiscusses speedas thedistance coveredperunitoftimeandvelocityasspeed in aparticular direction. 1 2 Reading Strategy elSE Guided Reading Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. _ Datefollowing objects _ from slowest Class Summarizing After reading this section, rank the to fastest, with 4 the fastestName and I the slowest. ~ _ _ _ Object Rank Eagle soaring Sprinting rabbit CHAPTER 2, Newton's First Law of Motion-The Law of Inertia (continued) 35. True or False: Only Earth around theact Sun whenrevolving two or more forces on an object can it be in equilibrium. 36. Explain how an airplane flying at Batted baseball constant velocity is in equilibrium. ,------I 13. What term-is defined as "the distance covered per unit oftime"? L a. Velocity b.Speed I I r,I-I- I 14. What term is defined as "the distance covered per unit of time in a particular direction"? a. Velocity 5 b.Speed r,I-4 I-L 10 elSE Guided Reading 17 6- Pearson Education. Inc. Copyright © 2010 I - ) \ , 15. Define constant velocity. _ 16. Galileo proved that a force was required to get an object moving, but once the object is moving, no additional force was required (except the force needed to overcome ). 2.4 MOTION IS RELATIVE This section says that when we are discussing how an object moves, we mean its motion relative to something else. Reading Strategy Summarizing After reading this section, complete the organizer to explain what methods Aristotle and Galileo used to arrive at their conclusions about motion. ~ Motion II-A_r_is_t_o_tl_e'_s_M_et_h_o_d__'----I-G-a-Jj-le-o-'-s-M-e-t-ho-d------------ 17. Which of the following did Isaac Newton achieve in his lifetime? a.Formulated the law ofuniversal gravitation b.lnvented calculus Stated the three laws ofmotion Studied light Wrote Principia Mathematica Philosophiae Naturalis Was elected to Parliament 2.5 NEWTON'S FIRST LAW OF MOTION-THE LAW OF INERTIA Thissectiondiscusses thelaw ofinertia, whichstatesthateveryobjectcontinues inastate ofrestor of uniform speedin a straight line unless actedon bya nonzero netforce. Reading Strategy ~ Summarizing After reading this section, state the law of inertia and then explain it in different words. The Law of Iuertia State the Law Explain the Law 18. True or False: Inertia is a kind of force. _ 19. True or False: Inertia is a property ofmost matter. _ ) 20. Newton's law ofmotion says that when an object is moving, it tends to move along a ______path. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education. Inc. Chapter 2 Newlon's First Law of Motion-The Law of Inertia 11 CHAPTER 2, Newton's First Law of Motion-The Law of Inertia (continued) 21. According to Newton's first law of motion, ifan object is at rest, you have to apply to get it moving. But once an object is in motion, no force is needeq (except that to overcome any ___--') to keep it moving. 2.6 NET FORCE-THE SUM OF ALL FORCES ON AN OBJECT This section discusses netforce, which is the sum ofallforces that act on an ~bject. Reading Strategy Predicting Before you read this section, predict the meaning ofthe vocabulary term. After you read, revise your definition if your prediction was incorrect. 3. Aristotle made careful , collected , and all knowledge of the physical world. ~ 4. Aristotle's approach laid the foundation for Western science. _ What is a force? 22. True or 5. False: Objects can slow down, speed up, or change direction without force being applied. _ Before You Read After You Read Vocabulary Term Inertiapush a book across a table, what are the forces that act on the book? 23. Ifyou _ ) Unscramble the word and fill in the blank. Before You Read After You Read 24.Instead ofpounds,thescientificunit offorceiscalleda .(tonnew) Vocabulary Term Net force 2.7 EQUILIBRIUM FOR OBJECTS AT REST Before You Read After You Read Vocabulary Term This section discusses mechanical equilibrium. which occurs when two forces that act on an object are Mechanical equilibrium opposite and equal. Reading Strategy Predictiug Beforeyoureadthissection,predictthemeaning ofthevocabularyterm.Afteryouread, revise your definition ifyour prediction was incorrect. 25. True or False:made Bothcareful pounds and newtons are units of weight. 26. 3. Aristotle , collected all knowledge _ , and Stretching force is called _ 27. True or False: Units ofweight are units of of the physical world. force. _ ~ 1 2 4. Aristotle's approach laid the foundation for Western science. 5. What is a force? _ elSE Guided Reading Term 3. Vocabulary Aristotle made careful Name Inertia of the physical world. 4. Aristotle's _ Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Before You Read Date , collected After _You Read , and Class _ approach laid the foundation for Western science. CHAPTER 2, Newton's First Law of Motion-The Law of Inertia (continued) 35. True or False: Only 5. What force? when twoisora more forces act on_Before an object You canRead it be in equilibrium. After 36. You Explain Read how an airplane flying at Vocabulary Term constant velocity is in equilibrium. Net force Vocabulary Term,--Inertia ----I Vocabulary -L Term _ all knowledge Before You Read Before You Read After You Read After You Read _ 28. The forces acting on any object cancel each other out. 29. Use words to explain the meaning ofthe equation EF ~ O. _ 30. True or False: An object whose motion is changing is in equilibrium. _ 2.8 THE SUPPORT FORCE-WHY WE DON'T FALL THROUGH THE FLOOR This section discusses the supportforce, which is the normalforce that combines with gravity to make the netforce on an object zero. Reading Strategy Monitoring Your Understanding Preview the key concept and figures in this section. Then list two things you expect to learn. After reading, state what you learned. ~ I Wh•• I E_ro L..,. . Unscramble the words and fill in the blanks. 31. When a book lies at rest on a table, it is in (imuilbiquer) ) and the net force on it is zero. 32. Normal force is another term for force. (porptus) 33. The support force plus add mathematically to become zero. (vygirat) 34. When you place a book on a table, the table _ on the book, while the force of gravity on it. 2.9 EQUILIBRIUM FOR MOVING OBJECTS This section discusses equilibrium for moving objects, which means that an object is in equilibrium ifit moves steadily without changing its state ofmotion. Reading Strategy ~ Identifying Main Ideas As you read, write the main ideas for the topic. Topic Main Ideas Equilibrium for moving objects Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education. Inc. Chapter 2 Newton'sFirstLaw ofMotion-The Law ofInertia 13 3. Aristotle made careful of the physical world. , collected 4. Aristotle's , and all knowledge approach laid the foundation for Western science. _ 5. What is a force? Before You Read Vocabulary Term Inertia After You Read Integrated Science-Astronomy: Earth Moves around the Sun Yousolar Readsystem and how Afterpeople You Read This section discusses inertiaBefore and the once thought that the Sun revolved Vocabulary Term around Earth. Net force Reading Strategy Before You Read After You Read Vocabulary Term Yonr Understanding Preview the key concept and figures in this section. Then list two things ~ Monitoring Mechanical equilibrium you expect to learn. After reading, state what you learned. I_W_h_a_t_I_E_x--,p,--e_c_t_to_L_ea_r_n_· [_W_h_a_t_I_L_e_a_r_n_ed -----I 25. True or False: Both pounds and newtons are units of weight. 26. _ 37. TlUeforce or False: People haveTrue always believed thatofweight Earth revolves around Stretching is called _ 27. or False: Units are units of the Sun. _ force. _ 38. List the planets that revolve around the Sun in order from the closest to the farthest away from the Sun. _ 1 2 elSE Guided Reading 39. TlUe or False: Aristotle understood the idea ofinertia. _ Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. _ Date _ Class _ Name 40. Ifyou flip a coin in the air as you travel in an airplane, the coin keeps up with you. This is the idea of in _ _ action. CHAPTER WordWise2, Newton's First Law of Motion-The Law of Inertia (continued) 35. True or False: Only when two or more forces act on an object can it be in equilibrium. 36. Explain how an airplane flying at Fill in the blanksistoinsolve the puzzle below. constant velocity equilibrium. ,----Inet When -the Across 4. mechanical -L _ force on an object is zero, its state of motion does not change, and we say that it is in 7. A pound and a are both units ofweight, and so both are units offorce. I Down I r,I-I- I 1. When we know the speed of an object and its direction, we know its _ 5 2. is the distance covered per unit oftime. I-4 state of _ I-5.L It is the net force that 6 - changes an object's r,3. A is a push or a pull on an object. 6. 17 I is the property of objects to remain moving if they are moving and to remain at rest if they are at rest. - 14 elSE Guided Reading - ." Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education; Inc. 3. Aristotle made careful of the physical world. , collected 4. Aristotle's , and all knowledge approach laid the foundation for Western science. _ 5. What is a force? Before You Read Vocabulary Term Inertia After You Read Before You Read Vocabulary Term After You Read Net force Before You Read Vocabulary Term Mechanical equilibrium ) After You Read 25. True or False: Both pounds and newtons are units of weight. 26. Stretching force is called _ 27. True or False: Units ofweight are units of force. _ _ 1 2 elSE Guided Reading Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. _ Date _ Class _ Name _ CHAPTER 2, Newton's First Law of Motion-The Law of Inertia (continued) 35. True or False: Only when two or more forces act on an object can it be in equilibrium. 36. Explain how an airplane flying at constant velocity is in equilibrium. ,------I -L I I r,I-I- I 5 - r,- ) I-4 I-L 6 - 17 I Copyright © 2010 - Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter - ." 2 Newton'sFirstLaw ofMotion-The Law ofInertia 15 _