Download Imperialism and Spanish American War ppt

Imperialism
7.1
Age of Imperialism
Late 1800s European
nations enlarging their
empires around the
world.

Political control, and
economic benefits
Many in US believe
that in order to stay
competitive, the US
needs to do the same
Why did America join the
imperialist club at the end
of the 19th century?
1. Commercial Interests
US foreign investments 1869-1908
2. Military Interests
3. Social Darwinist Thinking
The Hierarchy of Race
The White Man’s
Burden
4. Religious/Missionary Interests
American Missionaries in China, 1905
5. Closing of the American Frontier
America Becoming a World Power
Japan had not traded with a Western power
for 250 years, but had great coal deposits.
Open Door Policy: Commodore Matthew
Perry sailed to Tokyo and “opened” or
negotiated trade. The growth of Asian
markets stimulated the U.S. economy.
1867 – U.S. seized the uninhabited Midway
Islands in the Pacific (strategic for trade with
China & Japan)
1867 – U.S. buys Alaska from Russia
By 1872, gold, copper, and oil are discovered
in Alaska.
1898 – Hawaii annexed by the US
1902 – US purchases Panama Canal
Origins of the Spanish-American
War
Cuba had struggled for 30
years over independence
from Spain.
1895 – Cuban rebels
launched a fight for
independence. Spanish
retaliated by placing them
in concentration camps.
1896 – McKinley elected
President; openly supports
Cuban independence.
Origins of the Spanish-American
War
Many Americans sympathetic
to Cuba, seeing their
revolution like ours. This
creates tension with Spain.
Warship U.S.S. Maine
sent to Havana to protect
Americans in Cuba
February 15, 1898 U.S.S.
Maine explodes
Many Americans blame
Spain, but we still don’t
know for sure what
happened
The War
April 11, 1898 – Congress declares
Cuba’s independence
April 24, 1898 – Spain declares war on US
April 25, 1898 – US declares war on Spain
Fighting in Cuba and the Philippines (a
Spanish territory)
US wins in about four months
Teddy Roosevelt becomes famous for
fighting bravely in Cuba leading his troop
called the “Rough Riders”
“Remember the
Main, and to Hell
with Spain!”
Funeral for Main victims
in Havana
End of the War
After the U.S. wins, Spain signs
an armistice (cease-fire).
In October, both countries signed
the Paris Peace Treaty


Spain granted Independence to
Cuba.
Guam, Puerto Rico and the
Philippines to the U.S. for $20
million.
Philippines part of US until 1946
Puerto Rico and Guam are still
U.S. territories.
Annexation of Hawaii, 1900
• Sugar trade significance
• overthrow of the monarchy of
Queen Liliuokalani
• US businessmen influence
(i.e. Sanford Dole)
• immigration for labor
• annexation by McKinley’s
joint resolution
• statehood, 1959
War and Annexation of
Philippines 1899-1902
• Treaty of Paris transfers
sovereignty from Spain to the
USA
• Filipino troops control entire
archipelago, except Manila
• a few brief years of guerilla
fighting between troops
• Filipino rebels continue to
fight after war ends
American Sphere of Influence
Expanding
The Roosevelt Corollary to the
Monroe Doctrine: 1904
“Chronic wrongdoing… may in
America, as elsewhere, ultimately
require intervention by some
civilized nation, and in the
Western Hemisphere the
adherence of the United States to
the Monroe Doctrine may force
the United States, however
reluctantly, in flagrant cases of
such wrongdoing or impotence, to
the exercise of an international
police power” – Teddy Roosevelt
to Congress at the State of the
Union Address
The Outcome
U.S. is now a major player in world
affairs
U.S. can create military bases around
the world
Imperialists happy: U.S. can gain access
to foreign markets. Places to sell
American goods and make money.
Anti-Imperialists upset. Felt that
imperialism rejected the American ideal
of “liberty for all”