Download Great Patriotic War (USSR) - IB 20th c. World History Y2

Lead up to WWII: c. 1939-1945
Industrialization &
Ne-Colonialism
1880s
1900s
Great
Depression
&
Rise of
Dictators
WWI & Treaty of
Versailles
*1917: Russian Rev (x2)
1914-1918
1919
M: militarism
A: alliances
N: nationalism
I: imperialism & IR
A: Assassination
1920s
Roaring 20s in USA
Rebuilding in Europe
Colonial Oppression in:
Asia, Latin America & Africa
Depression in Germany
Civil War in USSR
1930s
WWII: c. 1939-1945
Key Developments:
Turning Points:
• Rise of Dictators:
•
–
–
–
–
Hitler
Mussolini
Franco
Stalin
–
–
•
•
•
1942-1943 / 1941-1944
D-Day
–
• Appeasement (Chamberlain)
Decd. 7, 1941
Stalingrad & Leningrad
–
•
Nazi invasion of USSR
June 1941
Pearl Harbor
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•
Sept. 1939
Operation Barbarossa
–
–
• Violations of Versailles:
Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact
Aug. 1939
Nazi Invasion of Poland
–
•
– Mussolini: Abyssinia
– Hitler: Austria & Sudetenland
(Czech.)
– Japan: Manchuria & Greater
East Asian Co-Prosperity
Sphere
Nazi-Soviet Pact
June 6, 1944
A-bomb
–
Aug. 1945
The Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, 1939
On August 23, enemies Nazi Germany and the
Soviet Union surprised the world by signing the
German-Soviet Nonaggression Pact, in which
the two countries agreed to take no military
action against each other for the next 10 years.
“For sheer cynicism, the Nazi dictator had met his
match in the Soviet despot ... the sordid, secret deal ...
The Soviet despot for years had cried out at the 'fascist
beasts' and called for peace-loving states to band
together to halt the Nazi aggression.”
William Shirer, "The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich"
(1959)
Knowing he had nothing to fear from the Soviet
army, Hitler ordered his troops to strike east
into Poland on September 1, 1939. Two days
later, on September 3, France and Great Britain
declared war on Germany. World War II had
begun. And less than two years after that, Hitler
scrapped his pact with Stalin and sent some 3
million Nazi soldiers pouring into the Soviet
Union on June 22, 1941. (history.com)
Wonder how long the honeymoon will last?
The Great Patriotic War
• Western view of WWII:
• 1939-1945
• Great Patriotic War (USSR):
• 22 June 1941 to 9 May 1945
• Hitler invades USSR
• Victory Day (in Berlin)
• US participation in WWII:
• 8 December 1941 to 2 September 1945
• The day after Pearl Harbor
•
USA declared war against Empire of
Japan…Germany declared war against
USA…USA declared war on Germany
Dec. 11th
• VJ Day
THE GERMAN INVASION OF RUSSIA - Military History World War II (full documentary)
Name: _______________________
WWII & Cold War Europe
Map the Following Locations and Annotate Map with Key Events
Events are focused on Eastern Europe with locations that are pivotal in the Cold War
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Latvia, Estonia & Lithuania
Belarus (Belarussia)
Belgium & Holland
Finland & Norway
Italy & Greece
Czechoslovakia (no longer exists)
Yugoslavia (no longer exists)
And the following cities:
• London, UK
• Normandy Beach & Paris, France
• Warsaw, Krakow & Danzig/Gdansk, Poland
• Dresden & Berlin, Germany
• Kiev, Ukraine
• St. Petersburg (Petrograd-Leningrad), USSR
• Moscow & Volgograd (Stalingrad), USSR
• Jerusalem, Palestine (Israel)
1939:
Danzig & Warsaw Annexed by Germany
Aug: German USSR Treaty Divides Poland
Polish Jews order to wear Star of David
Germany bombs Scotland
USSR declares war on Finland
1940:
Unrestricted U-Boat War declared
Italy sides with Nazi Germany
Norwegian govt evacuated to London
Dutch surrender to Germany
Italy bombs British Palestine
Battle of Britain – German bombings
Berlin bombed by allies
Warsaw ghetto is established
Churchill elected PM of UK
Italians bomb oil supplies @ Cairo & Bahrain
Romania, Slovaks sign Tripartite Pact
1940:
USSR asks for terms to join Axis Powers
Katyn Massacre in Poland (USSR)
1941:
Deportation Austrian Jews - Auschwitz, Poland
Lend Lease Act by FDR & USA
Italians occupy Libya
Axis invasions of Yugoslavia & Greece
Siege of Leningrad (870+ days)
1942:
Battle for Stalingrad, Russia – KEY Nazi loss
1943:
Nov.-Dec: Tehran Conference
May: Allies control Libya and North Africa
Sept: Italy withdraws from war
Nov: USSR liberates Kiev
Nov: Berlin bombed again
US troops arrive in Europe throughout year
1944:
Jan; USSR enters Poland
March:USSR occupy Romania & Ukraine &
Crimean (including Yalta)
June: D Day Invasions
1945:
Feb: Yalta Conference
 Feb: Bombing of Dresden Germany
May : VE Day Victory in Europe
July- Aug: Potsdam Conference
1946:
March : Greek Civil War
March : Churchill’s “Iron Curtain” Speech
1947:
 Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan
January : Communists seize Poland
1948:
February: communists seize Czechoslovakia
June: Berlin Blockade and Berlin Airlift
1949:
April 1949: NATO Established
1953:
March 1953: Death of Stalin
1954:
March: KGB Established
May: Geneva Peace Conference (re: Vietnam)
1955:
May 1955: Warsaw Pact
February 1956: Khrushchev delivers “Secret
Speech” (destalinization)
1956:
Oct- Nov 1956: Hungarian Uprising (crushed by
Red army)
1957:
January: Eisenhower Doctrine
October 1957: Launch of Sputnik
1960:
May 1960: U2 Spy plane shot down over USSR
1961:
August 1961: Construction of the Berlin Wall
Map the Following Locations
• Latvia, Estonia & Lithuania
• Belarus (Belarussia)
• Belgium & Holland
• Finland & Norway
• Italy & Greece
• Czechoslovakia (no longer exists)
• Yugoslavia (no longer exists)
Map the Following Locations
• Latvia, Estonia & Lithuania
• Belarus (Belarussia)
• Belgium & Holland
• Finland & Norway
• Italy & Greece
• Czechoslovakia (no longer exists)
• Yugoslavia (no longer exists)
Map the Following Locations
• Latvia, Estonia & Lithuania
• Belarus (Belarussia)
• Belgium & Holland
• Finland & Norway
• Italy & Greece
• Czechoslovakia (no longer exists)
• Yugoslavia (no longer exists)
And the following cities:
• London, UK
• Normandy Beach & Paris, France
• Warsaw, Krakow & Danzig/Gdansk, Poland
• Dresden & Berlin, Germany
• Kiev, Ukraine
• St. Petersburg (Petrograd-Leningrad), USSR
• Moscow & Volgograd (Stalingrad), USSR
• Jerusalem, Palestine (Israel)
And the following cities:
• London, UK
• Normandy Beach & Paris, France
• Warsaw, Krakow & Danzig/Gdansk, Poland
• Dresden & Berlin, Germany
• Kiev, Ukraine
• St. Petersburg (Petrograd-Leningrad), USSR
• Moscow & Volgograd (Stalingrad), USSR
• Jerusalem, Palestine (Israel)
And the following cities:
• London, UK
• Normandy Beach & Paris, France
• Warsaw, Krakow & Danzig/Gdansk, Poland
• Dresden & Berlin, Germany
• Kiev, Ukraine
• St. Petersburg (Petrograd-Leningrad), USSR
• Moscow & Volgograd (Stalingrad), USSR
• Jerusalem, Palestine (Israel)
Map the Following Locations
• Latvia, Estonia & Lithuania
• Belarus (Belarussia)
• Belgium & Holland
• Finland & Norway
• Italy & Greece
• Czechoslovakia (no longer exists)
• Yugoslavia (no longer exists)
Map the Following Locations
• Latvia, Estonia & Lithuania
• Belarus (Belarussia)
• Belgium & Holland
• Finland & Norway
• Italy & Greece
• Czechoslovakia (no longer exists)
• Yugoslavia (no longer exists)
Map the Following Locations
• Latvia, Estonia & Lithuania
• Belarus (Belarussia)
• Belgium & Holland
• Finland & Norway
• Italy & Greece
• Czechoslovakia (no longer exists)
• Yugoslavia (no longer exists)
And the following cities:
• London, UK
• Normandy Beach & Paris, France
• Warsaw, Krakow & Danzig/Gdansk, Poland
• Dresden & Berlin, Germany
• Kiev, Ukraine
• St. Petersburg (Petrograd-Leningrad), USSR
• Moscow & Volgograd (Stalingrad), USSR
• Jerusalem, Palestine (Israel)
And the following cities:
• London, UK
• Normandy Beach & Paris, France
• Warsaw, Krakow & Danzig/Gdansk, Poland
• Dresden & Berlin, Germany
• Kiev, Ukraine
• St. Petersburg (Petrograd-Leningrad), USSR
• Moscow & Volgograd (Stalingrad), USSR
• Jerusalem, Palestine (Israel)
And the following cities:
• London, UK
• Normandy Beach & Paris, France
• Warsaw, Krakow & Danzig/Gdansk, Poland
• Dresden & Berlin, Germany
• Kiev, Ukraine
• St. Petersburg (Petrograd-Leningrad), USSR
• Moscow & Volgograd (Stalingrad), USSR
• Jerusalem, Palestine (Israel)
WWII & Cold
War Europe
Map
Iceland
Finland
Norway
St. Petersburg
Sweden
USSR
UK
North
Sea
Estonia
London
Atlantic
Ocean
Normandy
Paris,
France
Holland
Belgium
Moscow
Latvia
Lithuania
Berlin
Poland
Belarus
Kiev
Dresden
Ukraine
Black Sea
Italy
Greece
Med. Sea
Jerusalem
Battles for Leningrad & Stalingrad, 1941-1943
•June 1941 Violates Nazi-Soviet Pact
•Invasion postponed to save Mussolini in Greece
•USSR’s vast size, harsh winters & Red Army
•German tanks freeze
•4 million Russian die to save Moscow
•1942…Moves on Stalingrad
•Street to street fighting
Never
fight
Russia in
winter
Leningrad & Stalingrad
• Leningrad = 900 day siege
• “Historians estimate that
approximately 2 million people
died in the Battle of Stalingrad,
more than 800,000 on the
German side and 1.1 million on
the Soviet side. After the battle,
little of the city itself remained,
and it would not be
reconstructed fully for decades.
Despite the catastrophic losses,
the Soviet victory stood as solid
proof to the world that the
Third Reich was not invincible.”
“'Human excrement was piled up waist-high': Full horror of
Stalingrad revealed for first time as interviews with Russian
soldiers finally see the light of day”
•
Historians believe the book, compiled by the
German historian Jochen Hellbeck, will change
the way the world views the six-month 194243 battle that cost over a million men their
lives and forever destroyed Hitler's ambitions
to colonise the Soviet Union.
–
•
The papers show that many Russians fought with
a fanatical fervour because of the Nazi atrocities
they had seen on the road to Stalingrad.
–
Access to nearly 10,000 pages of documents in
the history department archives at the Soviet
Academy of Sciences
•
Graphic and illuminating details
•
Major Pyotr Zayonchovsky told of a position that
the Germans had abandoned.
–
•
When he arrived there, he discovered the body of a
dead comrade 'whose skin and fingernails on his
right hand had been completely torn off. The eyes
had been burnt out and he had a wound on his left
temple made by a red-hot piece of iron. The right
half of his face had been covered with a flammable
liquid and ignited.‘
The sniper Anatoly Chechov told of his despair
when he shot his first German.
–
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2228373/Human-excrement-piled-waist-high-Full-horrorStalingrad-revealed-time-interviews-Russian-soldiers-finally-light-day.html
'One sees the young girls, the children, who hang
from the trees in the park,' said sniper Vasily
Zaytsev, adding that 'this has a tremendous
impact'.
He said: 'I felt terrible. I had killed a human being.
But then I thought of our people - and I started to
mercilessly fire on them. I've become a barbaric
person, I kill them. I hate them.'
Total War
"absoluter Krieg"
"guerre à outrance"
Utilizing every means available
to destroy one's enemy and any
of their interests
Let's crush the enemy under avalanche of steel
Glory to the heroes of the Patriotic War!
Glory to the Stalin's falcons!
• The advantage of communism = 100% mobilization of able bodied men and women
• The advantage of totalitarianism = 100% mobilization of population for the war effort
“Sanitary instructor”
a frontline nurse,, June 1942
Anti-aircraft gunner girls taking military oath
Machine gunner Zina Kozlova, 30 June 1942
Mariya Shalneva (Nenakhova)
regulates the traffic. Berlin, 2 May 1945
Victory! Sniper girls, 1945
Pilot Mamayeva-Bezmenova before an
operational flight, August 1943
Challenges faced by female soldiers:
• Struggled to obtain combat roles on the front lines.
• 1936 Stalin constitution asserted that women were fully emancipated, but the state still considered women unsuited for combat
• Even after the creation of all-female and mixed-gender combat units, many female soldiers were relegated to the rear
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•
•
•
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Gender discrimination
Fewer women than men achieved high-ranking positions in mixed-gender units
Male officers often undermined the authority of the few female officers
Sexual harassment and assault
Many women were unprepared
Others were recruited despite the fact that they were ill, pregnant, unqualified, or unfit for military service
The Soviet military attributed desertions and suicides to personal failings
The state refused to acknowledge that flaws in the system
Soviet female snipers, members of Sydir Kovpak's
partisan formation in the Ukrainian SSR
Roza Yegorovna Shanina, the female sniper
died in WWII after having 54 confirmed hits
The Cold War
Name: ________________________
•
•
•
World War II
Western view of WWII: 1939-1945
Great Patriotic War (USSR): 22 June 1941 to 9 May 1945
US participation in WWII: 8 December 1941 to 2 September 1945
The Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, 1939
On August 23, enemies Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union surprised the world by signing the German-Soviet Nonaggression Pact, in which the
two countries agreed to take no military action against each other for the next 10 years.
“For sheer cynicism, the Nazi dictator had met his match in the Soviet despot ... the sordid, secret deal ... The Soviet despot for years had cried
out at the 'fascist beasts' and called for peace-loving states to band together to halt the Nazi aggression.”
William Shirer, "The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich" (1959)
Knowing he had nothing to fear from the Soviet army, Hitler ordered his troops to strike east into Poland on September 1, 1939. Two days later,
on September 3, France and Great Britain declared war on Germany. World War II had begun. And less than two years after that, Hitler scrapped
his pact with Stalin and sent some 3 million Nazi soldiers pouring into the Soviet Union on June 22, 1941. (history.com)
Video: THE GERMAN INVASION OF RUSSIA - Military History - World War II: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FSfZiNI5zM8
Begin in class, finish for HW  Notes on both sides of this sheet!
Operation Barbarossa:
Leningrad
Stalingrad
Hitler & Third Reich
Fascism vs. Communism
vs.
Stalin was successful because Hitler made mistakes – Agree OR disagree – Support with evidence
Stalin & The USSR