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Class Notes for Monday, Feb 20th When you get to slide # Terms to know • Solar System – Our star (Sun) and everything that orbits around it (planets, asteroids, comets, etc.) • Galaxy – Huge collection of stars bound together by gravity (the Sun is 1 star among 100400 billion stars in the Milky Way galaxy) • Universe – Everything (~100 billion galaxies) The Sun • The Sun is a star. • It is 4,500 million years old • It takes 8 minutes for its light to reach the Earth. • 98.6% mass of the Solar System • Consists of Hydrogen (74%) and Helium (24%) •Surface Temperature: 5,500 °C • Core Temperature: 15,500,000 °C Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune Pluto My Very Easy Method Just Speeds Up Naming Planets These planets are grouped into two categories, the inner planets and the outer planets. The Solar System Inner planets are mostly solid, made of minerals similar to those found on Earth. These planets are smaller and hotter than the outer planets. Inner Planets • • • • “Terrestrial Planets” Rocky Dense Metal cores (iron) Outer planets are all huge balls of gas, called gas giants, except for Pluto. Each might have a solid core, but none has a solid surface. These gas giants are known to have lots of moons and rings of dust and ice. Outer Planets • Large! • Gases and liquids • No solid surface • May have a small solid core • Tumultuous atmospheres - rapid winds, large storms • Rotate relatively quickly For the Next Slides Make the Following Table in Your Notebook: Planets Distance From the Sun Diameter Temp in ° Length of Day (Earth Days) Length of Year (Earth Years) Distance From The Sun 57,900,000 km Diameter 4879 km Temperature 450oC Length of Day 59 Earth days Length of Year 88 Earth days • The next slide should be written below your table you made and look like this: Mercury • Scans indicate that craters at the poles contain water ice. • Temperatures reach 450° C during the day. **You will do this for every planet after you put the other information into the table. Mercury • Scans indicate that craters at the poles contain water ice. • Temperatures reach 450°C during the day. • Radius: 2400 km • Mass: 3.30 x 1023 kg • Distance from Sun: 58 million km (0.38 AU) Distance From The Sun 108,000,000 km Diameter 12,104 km Temperature 464oC Length of Day 116 Earth days Length of Year 224.7 Earth days