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Integrated Science: Chemistry Structure of the Atom Scientific Shorthand •Scientists have developed their own _____________________ for dealing with long, complicated names. •Chemical symbols consist of one _____________ letter or a capital letter plus one or two _____________________ letters. Chemical Symbols •__________________ matter! •Element symbols contain __________ capital letter followed by lowercase letter(s) if necessary. •Scientists use _______________ letters for some elements because there are _____________ elements than letters. Metals that form Bright blue Solid compounds Co vs. CO Poisonous Gas Atomic Components •An element is matter that is composed of one type of _____________, which is the ________________ piece of matter that still retains the ________________ of the element. •Atoms are composed of particles called ___________________, _________________, and _________________________ Atomic Components •Protons and neutrons are found in a small positively charged center of the atom called the ____________________ that is surrounded by a cloud containing electrons •______________________ are particles with an electrical charge of 1+. Atomic Components •_____________________ are particles with an electrical charge of 1–. This is the particle that moves around the nucleus. •_____________________________ are neutral particles that do not have an electrical charge. •The ______________________ is the central core of an atom. Subatomic Particles ATOM NUCLEUS ELECTRONS PROTONS NEUTRONS POSITIVE CHARGE NEUTRAL CHARGE NEGATIVE CHARGE Quarks—Even Smaller Particles •Protons and neutrons are made up of smaller particles called _________________. •So far, scientists have confirmed the existence of _______________ uniquely different quarks Quarks •Scientists theorize that an arrangement of _______________ quarks held together with the strong nuclear force produces a _____________. •Another arrangement of ____________ quarks produces a _____________