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Chair’s Report - Disarmament and International Security Question of International Terrorism Definition Terrorism - The unlawful use of violence or intimidation, especially against civilians, in the pursuit of political aims.1 The Issue Terrorist groups operate all around the globe and they do not share a common goal. Radical ideas often motivate terrorist to perform despicable acts. Some claim these ideas have sprouted from religion, but this is actively opposed by many religious officials. Most notably terrorist groups are dividing and duplicating into more and more groups, creating more political and economic instability in the Middle East but most importantly claiming the lives of innocent civilians. Terrorist groups are also becoming an international threat as well, threatening the security of countries all over the world who don’t share their radical beliefs. This issue involves many countries within the United Nations, so it should be a joint effort to combat this real threat. This threat has been conveyed through terrible atrocities and crimes against humanity, including attacks in Brussels, Berlin and Paris in recent years, plus atrocities where we still feel the horrendous effects every day, such as the 9/11 attacks on the Twin Towers in New York and Washington and the 7/7 bombings in London. However there is great difficulty in defining a terrorist organisation. In the current Syria civil war there are estimated to be over 1,000 different groups fighting, some such as ISIL also known as Da’esh who are designated a terroist organistion, and 1 Oxford English Dictionary, 2017 some such as the Free Syrian Army who are not. The UN has an extensive list available here: https://scsanctions.un.org/fop/fop?xml=htdocs/resources/xml/en/consolidated.xml&xs lt=htdocs/resources/xsl/en/consolidated.xsl United Nations action: The most recent United Nations action on this topic focused on terrorism and it took place between the 30th of June and the 1st of July in 2016. Two things happened in this General Assembly meeting, one was a review of the United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy, whilst the other was a personal plan of action from the Secretary-General, where he detailed his plan to prevent violent extremism. More historical United Nations action has included the resolution “1373” which was a resolution which first established the UN Global Counter-Terrorism Committee, and even more developments took place five years later when all of the Member States of the General Assembly agreed on one strategy to fight the ever-increasing threat of terrorism. This was called the UN Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy, and it has been commended for its unique style and simplicity, as it only contains four significant points. These are: 1. Addressing conditions conducive to the spread of terrorism. 2. Preventing and combatting terrorism. 3. Building Member States’ capacity to prevent and combat terrorism and to strengthen the role of the United Nations system in this regard (fundamentally improving the security and strength of each member state.) 4. Ensuring the respect for human rights and the rule of law as the fundamental basis for countering terrorism. The Security Council also play a pivotal role in reacting to terrorist groups and condemning their actions. For example they did so in very strong terms in UNSC 2249 which called for: “Member States that have the capacity to do so… to redouble and coordinate their efforts to prevent and suppress terrorist acts committed specifically by ISIL also known as Da’esh as well as ANF, and all other individuals, groups, undertakings, and entities associated with Al Qaeda, and other terrorist groups, as designated by the United Nations Security Council… and to eradicate the safe haven they have established over significant parts of Iraq and Syria;”2 All Security Council resolutions are available at: https://www.un.org/en/sc/documents/resolutions/. 2 United Nations Security Council, UNSC Resolution 2249, adopted on 20 November 2015 [online] available at http://www.securitycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3CF6E4FF96FF9%7D/s_res_2249.pdf