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Monday Quiz on Ottoman Empire Read and take notes on Ottoman Empire Tuesday Read Voyages Take notes Islamic Balkans Red Sea to Persian Gulf Hungary and the Barbary Coast of North Africa Osman or Othman I 13th century declared independence of Seljuk Turks Tree sprout story Byzantines were better off under Ottomans than Christians Constantinople falls 1453 under Mehmer II also Greece and Black Sea Bajerid II, and Selim, I Syria, Leyant, Armenia, Egypt, and part of Arabia (Medea and Mecca) Suleiman I zenith Mesopotamia, Hungary, Transylvania, Rhodes, and Crete Turned back at Vienna Knights of St John turn back Ottomans at Malta Navy Cosairs of the Barbary Coast become vassals Defeated at Lepanto in 1571 by Venetian and Spanish fleet Loss of Black Sea area to Russians Serb’s revolt Greece gains independence Loss of Moldavia and Walachia Crimean War against Russia Bulgaria revolts Romania, Serbia, and Montenegro, Bulgaria granted independence at Congress of Berlin Young Turk movement 1st and 2nd Balkan war Defeated in 1st WWI Resist Greek invasion Republic of Turkey formed and westernize Decline and become “sick man of Europe” Sultan self-indulgence Centralized administration disintegrated Jobs based on heredity Growing conservatism within Muslim world No Enlightenment or Industrialization Quiz on Ottoman Empire Tuesday 4/3/2013 Quiz on Ottomans Show video13.1 Do 13.1 overhead Polynesians were sailing across the ocean for centuries 9th century Vikings to Greenland and North America Newfoundland or Maine Arabs trade along east coast of Africa, India, and East Indies 1st route was Round the Cape of Good Hope dangerous storms, scurvy, mutiny land route long dangerous because of Mongul breakup and Ottoman takeover Venice controlled Mediterranean so alternative were sought Portugal takes lead Henry the Navigator establishes school of navigation colonized Madeira and Azores sponsored explorers down west coast new ships and navigation tools magnetic compass, quadrant, astrolabe King John II Bartolomeu Dias Cape of Good Hope 1488 1498 Vasco de Gama all the way to Calicut Cabrai claims Brazil Establish settlement at Gao, India Magellen circumnavigates globe, but is killed Cape Horn Spice Islands Molucco Charted dangerous waters of the Malay archipelago valuable Columbus 1492 to Americas in 33 days Bahamas San Salvador Isabelle and Ferdinand of Spain 2nd voyage Guadeloupe Puerto Rico, Jamaica Hispanola 3rd voyage to Trinidad and South America Conquer Canary Islands 1444 reach the Senegal River bypassing Arabs discover Cape Verde Islands Spain and Portugal disagree over who owns Americas Treaty of Tordesillas Pope Portugal gets Brazil and Spain gets the rest Aztecs and Incas overtaken and enslaved, died, and looted English Henry VII sponsor Italian Cabot N.E. North America 90 years later sponsor a colony Netherlands, Britain and France get involved Dutch Barents tries finding N.E. Passage along Russia English Hudson N.W. passage on the Canadian Artic Italy declines because of new trade routes Silver in large quantities caused inflation in 16th century Tobacco and syphilis also were brought back from the New World America named after Amerigo Vespucci N.E. coast of South America and Amazon Wednesday 5/1/2013 Reformation New and stricter monastic orders form older order become rich and self-indulgent Priests were the only ones to be able to communicate with God and anticlerics disagreed John Wycliffe critized transubstantiation bread and wine body and blood of Christ Individual instead of Priest mediation Translates bible into English Influences John Hus Czech burned at the stake for heresy Popes were ostentatious, ruthless, and materialistic Spending money on art, taking mistresses, and appointing illegitimate kids, sold indulgences, sold church offices John Tetzel Erasmus translates New Testament Greek into Latin showed the flaws in Vulgate Showed disparity between austerity of early church and now Translate bible into every day language Protestantism Diet of Speyer Charles V protest against end to innovation in religion Lutheranism Martin Luther believes everyone should be able to read bible not just Latin Truth in scripture alone Salvation by faith alone Can’t sell indulgences Priests aren’t necessary individuals can stand before God 95 theses nailed to Church door Wittenburg 1517 excommunicated 1521called before Diet of Worms printing press gets the word out to princes and people Peasants War of 1524-5 Luther doesn’t support avoid like the Devil himself support suppression Augsburg Confession summarizes Lutheranism break from Rome Religious Wars in Germany Peace of Augsburg 1555 princes could determine faith of subjects Luthernism adopted by Sweden and Denmark 1520 Zwingli begins reformation in Switzerland Church of England Henry VIII breaks from Rome over divorce Confiscated church property and got stronger because of church appointment Stays Catholic in doctrine Dissolves monasteries Edward VI introduces Protestantism Mary I restores Catholicism Elizabeth reintroduces Protestantism John Knox Scotland Confession of Faith Presbyterianism France Wars between Huguenots (Calvinists) and Catholics Edict of Nantes gives tolerance to Huguenots Spain War with England navy and Spanish Armada lose Calvinism John Calvin French theologian The Institutes reform doctrine Predestined salvation only chosen would be saved Protestant theocracy in Geneva Supervise moral live of church members Churches in Geneva, France, Low Countries, and Scotland, New England Counter Reformation attacks Protestantism Council of Trent Thursday 5/2/2013 The Counter Reformation Church purged itself of abuses, laxity, ill-educated clergy, and sent out soldiers to put down protestants 30 Years War Charles V vs German Protestant princes Council of Trent main reforms Priests celibate Priest educated Doctrine changes Practice changes New Orders Society of Jesus (Jesuits) Poverty, chastity, and obedience 1534 Ignatius Loyola fight for God under the banner of the cross advance souls in Christian life and doctrine and to propagate the faith by ministry of the word, by spiritual exercises, by works, of charity and expressly by the instruction of children and unlettered persons in Christian principles most powerful in Catholic Europe & elsewhere 1542 Holy See creates Holy Office by Pope Paul III Inquisition Spanish Inquisition Against Jews Against Protestants Tried in ecclesiastical court and punished secularly in public burned alive Auto-da-fe’ Toledo 366 people Pope Pius IV introduces Index of Books that Catholics can’t read Charles V son Phillip II Zealous backer of Catholic Church Get rid of Protestants in Spanish Netherlands Dutch Revolt 1567 English help Dutch Spanish Armada sent and failed French Wars of Religion 1562 Huguenots vs Catholics Nobles St Bartholomew’s Day Massacre 13,000 Edict of Nantes 30 Years War 1620 - 1648 starts in Germany Peace of Augsburg stops 1st fight Protestant Bohemians vs Austrian Hapsburgs Spanish Hapsburgs vs Protestant princes in Germany Emperor Ferdinand II (Spain) vs Gustavus Aldolphus Protestant Sweden killed in Lutzen France &German Protestants vs Hapsburgs France victory at Rocroi Peace of Westphalia Dutch Independence Fixed religious map of Europe Gemany lost 7 million people (2/3 of population) Friday Quiz on reformation Read the Counter Revolution Take notes Monday 5/6/2013 Scientific Revolution St Thomas of Aquinas translates Aristotle into Latin 3rd century bc Aristarchos heliocentric 2nd century ad Ptolemy earth centered incorporated by Christians 1543 Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus Heliocentric publish Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres rejected by Catholics and Protestants Johannes Kepler ellipse around sun laws of planetary motion Galileo Galilei used the telescope to observe sunspots and Jupiters moons Formally condemned by Catholic Church in 1616 1633 heresay recants and house arrest reads Cicero and Plutarch 1992 Vatican clear him of herasy European voyages of discovery Bacon Modern supersede ancients Induction observation of the what happens in the everyday world general theories Scientific method Sir Isaac Newton Laws of motion Laws of gravitation Principia Methematica Conrad Genner Histories of Animals Georgius Agricola On the Nature of Metals mineralogy Gabriel Follopius Discovered Fallopian tubes Tycho Brahe Supernova Giordano Bruno More than one sun Burned at the stake William Gilbert Magnetism Willebrod Snell Laws of refraction Harvey On The Motion of the Heart and Blood in Animals Christian Huygenes Optics Wave theory of light Robert Boyle Skeptical Chemist Elements, compounds, and mixtures Pressure and volume of gas Gottfried Leibniz Calculus Feuds with Newton over who invented Tuesday 5/7/2013 The Age of Empire Competition between Europeans Wars between Britian, France, Spain, Dutch, and Portuguese Trade Colonial possessions England vs Dutch lose colonies in N. America England vs France over India France lose Dutch vs Portuguese over East Indies 17th century Establish colony at Capetown South Africa French and Indian War French vs Indians English colonies 7 years War England dominates North America and India France vs England English vs Boars (Dutch Settlers) Spain retains Mexico, South America, and South America Portuguese retain Brazil West Indies becomes mixed Sugar, tobacco, and other crops on plantations Require slaves Spanish try using indigenous people Brutal treatment European diseases African slaves Triangular trade West African To America American raw materials European manufactured Government chartered trading companies British East India Company Dutch East India Company French East India Company Queen Elizabeth sends Raleigh in 1584 fails 1607 Virginia successful Jamestown Mercantilism profit for mother country Colonies should trade only with mother country Adam Smith explains why this doesn’t work in Wealth of Nations Captain Cook claims Australia for England Sent convicts First Fleet 1788 Imperialism to spread Western Civilization Evangelical revival 18th century 19th century pseudo-scientific racial theories 18th century Nabobs in it for money, luxury and ease native ways 19th century Victorian missionaries apartheid churches, courthouses, schools, railways scramble for Africa in late 19th century crush indigenous people North Americans Crush indigenous people US fleet opens Japan Takes Phillipine, Guam and Puerto Rico from Spain Annex Hawaii Causes of WW I Turkey and Germany defeated and colonies taken away Wednesday 5/8/2013 Watch spotlight video Do overhead The Enlightenment Philosophes of France Humanitarian Liberal Against Catholic Church Absolute rulers who didn’t care about subjects Inspiration Scientific Revolution Copernicus, Kepler, Newton, Galileo Empiricism over Cartesianism Rene Descartes knowledge gained from senses unreliable I think therefore I am John Locke Human Understanding Humans have no innate ideas all knowledge gained through experience sensation reflection constitute reason Social contract Empiricism Two Treaties of Government A people have the right to overthrow any ruler who fails to protect rights Deism No divine revelations No miracles God could be established by reason First cause Brought universe into existence Gave humans reason and free will Stood back from his creation Voltaire Philosophical Letters on the English Newton, Locke, and British Liberties Against ancien regime in France Liberty and toleration Satire Candide Denis Diderot French Encyclopede’ 28 volume scientific and philosophy opponent of Chrstianity proponent of materialism Montesquieu Writer Philosophers Spirit of the Laws Cultural relativism Cesare Beccaria Legal theorist Crime and Punishment Criminal law Abolish torture and capital punishment Reform penal codes David Hume Scottish philosopher and historian Empiricists No innate ideas Pyschological nature human nature Extreme skepticism Constant conjunction Adam Smith Scottish The Wealth of Nations Free trade Against monopoly and regulation Upheld self-interest Economic advances of division of labor Jean-Jaques Rousseau Philosopher and writer Human nature is innately good and spoiled by corrupt society Opposes rationalism Primacy of individual feelin Sovereignty resides in people as a whole Autogratic Leaders that supported Catherine the Great of Russia Plan to emancipate serfs didn’t happen Wars of conquest Fredrick the Great of Prussia Liberalized legal code Social and economic reforms Wars of conquest Joseph II of Austria Frees serfs but then taxes them Religious toleration, education, legal system and administration Abolish monasteries Enlightenment ideas infiltrate key documents American Declaration and Bill of Rights Constitution Equality Individual rights Government rules with consent of government Religious tolerence Due process of law Declaration of Rights of Man and of the Citizen French Revolution Thursday American Revolution American Colonists vs England 1775 – 1783 causes taxes and restrictions what are colonies for British for their enrichment of mother country Colonists said they should have to pay for their protection because they didn’t have a say Prohibited from printing own money Quatering of Soldiers George III French and Indian War (Seven Years War in N. America British Native Americans, Colonists vs French Costly Colonies should pay for their defense Stamp Act No taxation without representation Repeal, Declatory Act but tax imports then repeal except teas Townshend Revenue tax on imports Boston Massacre Boston Tea Party patriots Prohibited settlement west of Mississippi Intolerable acts Against Massachusetts First Continental Congress Ban all imports from England April 19, 1775 Lexington and Concord shots exchanged Bunker Hill US victory Thomas Paine writes Common Sense George III send troops British and German mercenaries Second Continental Congress July 4, 1776 declare independence Thomas Jefferson We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal and have certain unalienable rights life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness Pennsylvania abolishes slavery British advantages Well-armed, discipline and a large number of Americans who remained loyal American advantages Resupply locally, knew terrain, Good commander in Washington French joined after Saratoga victory Yorktown US victory 2years later Treaty of Paris independence granted What kind of gov’t Articles of Confederation 1781 Weak central government No power to tax Shays Rebellion against taxes Federalist vs anti-federalists Constitutional Convention Federalist Papers James Madison Alexander Hamilton John Jay Draft constitution Ratified in1788 Separation of power 3 branches Judiciary, legislative, and executive Balanced and checked by each Bill of Rights added Freedom of religion Press, speech, assembly Due process of law Reserved to states all power not assigned of fed Friday 5/10/2013 Spotlight video Overhead French Revolution Fall of the Bastille Toppled French monarchy Decades of warfare Louis XIV 1643 – 1715 ends power of nobility L’Etat c’est moi ( I am the state) Aristracy has to stay at Versailles outside of Paris Isolated from the people Nobility doesn’t have to pay tax Bourgeoisie and peasantry have to pay Wars are expensive Lose Canada and India Louis XV Weak and indecisive Dominated by mistress Factions, intrigue, and corruption brought disrespect Give military support to American made France bankrupt Finance ministers Turgot and Necker tries to reform Marie-Antoinette against reform and hated by people Summons Estates-General Clergy, nobility, bourgeoise Second estate refuses 3rd estate declares National Assembly storms Bastille establish National Guard abolish privileges of aristocracy Rights of Man and Citizen Make Louis and Fam move to Paris Louis attempts leaving Leopold II of Austria and Prussia helped French king Invade and are stopped at Valmy Attack counter revolutionaries Louis writes other European kings for help Louis accepts new Constitution Declare France Republic Convict Louis and queen of treason guillotine Jacobians (radicals) vs Girondin (moderates) Jacobians win with Committee of Public Safety and Maximillion Robespierre Reign of Terror guillotine Ends with Robespierre Napoleon Bonaparte Defeats Austrians in Italy establish sister republics establishes First Consul to end violence Republics established France Switzerland Batavian in Netherlands Northern Italy Coalitions Austrian, Netherlands, Spain, Britain Sardinia vs France
