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Elections must be free and open to the majority of the country’s citizens to establish a democracy. If national elections are closed to certain segments of the population or are forced, the elections are less likely to establish a democratic form of government Advocates of military intervention often state that Germany and Japan were able to establish themselves as democracies partly because of policing and sanctions by the international community The establishment of a legislative body is an extremely common step in the process of democratization between the acceptance of an authoritarian government and the election of a president or prime minister. The legislative body often serves to anchor the nation in the democratic process, providing an avenue for voters to discourage leaders who attempt to become dictators Since the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) collapsed, the majority of smaller nations that the USSR had aided strengthened their sovereign powers. If they had chosen not to do so, other countries would likely have dominated them Dogs were first domesticated in Southeast Asia An agreement between two countries to grant dual citizenship to members of a certain ethnic group would be most likely to unify the ethnic group. A real-life example of this can be seen in the case of the Indian Tamils. In the 1960s, the Indian and Sri Lankan government agreed to give Indian Tamils citizenship to Sri Lanka. There are multiple diverse communities of Tamils in India and Sri Lanka, yet the bonds between most of them have strengthened since Sri Lanka and India formed this agreement Devolution is a dispersal of the central government’s powers. Basque groups in Spain could directly force a devolution of the Spanish government by gaining political control over certain regions of the country The lack of political unity among nations in the Middle East makes it difficult for them to address supranational concerns, which are issues beyond the authority of a single government. An example of a supranational concern is the interest to preserve sites of cultural heritage When two or more nations with political differences form a federation, they must unify Pigs were first domesticated in Southeast Asia Nations that want a resource that another nation possesses would be likely to try to limit the powers of the nation with the resource The end of the Cold War allowed electoral geographers to study political cleavages where they had not been able to before: Poland and the Czech Republic. These nations were formerly Communist states that had been heavily influenced by the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) Agriculture: deliberate land modification through plant cultivation and raising animals for food or profit. • Percentage of labor force MDC: 5% (avg.), LDC: 55% Source URL: http://www.faculty.de.gcsu.edu/~dvess/gissues/agrlabor.jpg Subsistence Agriculture: food production primarily for farm family consumption Example: slash and burn http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/Bakweri_cocoyam_farmer_from_Cameroon.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subsistence_farming Commercial Agriculture: • food production primarily for sale off the farm • Can Start as subsistence farming, excess sold • Can transition to pure commercial agriculture • http://www.internationalspecialreports.com/theamericas/00/bahamas/17-2.gif http://www.georgetowncranberry.com/images/skipper.jpg Agribusiness integration of commercial agriculture into food processing, usually by corporations Image: http://www.agribusiness-mgmt.wsu.edu/Templates/index_images/LandscapeGreen_r2_c24_.jpg Source: http://www.agribusiness-mgmt.wsu.edu/ The Second Agricultural Revolution occurred from around 1750 to 1900, at the same time as the Industrial Revolution The Third Agricultural Revolution is sometimes referred to as the Green Revolution Locations farthest from large bodies of water, such as oceans, are more likely to experience extreme climates Chickens were first domesticated in Southeast Asia