Download Countries in the Middle E

Middle
East
Countries
• https://youtu.be/5KLvjs7Yrtw
Muhammad—Prophet of Islamic Religion
570-632 AD
• Islam is believed by Muslims to be
the unaltered original monotheistic
faith of Adam, Abraham, Moses,
Jesus, and other prophets.
• Muhammad united Arabia into a
single Muslim polity and ensured
that his teachings, practices, and
the Quran, formed the basis of
Islamic religious belief.
After
Muhammad’s
death
• When Muhammad died, there
were questions as to who should
be his successor, how they should
be elected, conditions of
legitimacy and the role of
successor. Answers to these
questions have led to several
divisions in the Muslim
community since the first century
of Muslim history, giving rise to
the Sunni, Shia and Khawarij
schools.
Sunni and Shia divisions in the
Middle East-Shia is the red part,
Sunni is the yellow part.
Major
Products
Cyprus
*Officially the
Republic of Cyprus, is
an island country in
the Eastern
Mediterranean and
the third largest and
third most populous
island in the
Mediterranean.
*The main two ethnic
groups there are
Greek and Turkish.
Turkey
*After the Ottoman
Empire collapsed at the
end of WWI, the Allies
(guys who won) were in
charge of Turkey until the
Turkish War of
Independence (1919–
1922). After this ended it
led to the establishment
of the Republic of Turkey
in 1923.
*Turkey is a
Constitutional Republic
with a Parliament.
Syria
*The modern Syrian state was
established after the end of
centuries of Ottoman control
in World War I as a French
mandate, and remained that
until 1946.
* Since March 2011, Syria has
been embroiled in an uprising
against Assad and the
Ba'athist government as part
of the Arab Spring, a
crackdown that contributed
to the Syrian Civil War and to
Syria's becoming one of the
most violent countries in the
world
Jordan
In September 1922, the
Council of the League of
Nations recognized
Transjordan as a state under
the British Mandate for
Palestine. Transjordan
remained a British mandate
until 1946.
*In 1946 after WWII, the
Emirate of Transjordan
became "The Hashemite
Kingdom of Jordan and also
became a Monarchy with a
Prime Minister.
Lebanon
*The region that is now
Lebanon was ruled by the
Ottoman Empire from 1516 to
1918. Following the collapse
of the empire after World
War I, the five provinces that
constitute modern Lebanon
came under the French
Mandate of Lebanon.
*Lebanon gained
independence in 1943,
establishing confessionalism,
a unique, Consociationalismtype of political system with a
power-sharing mechanism
based on religious
communities
Egypt
*Egypt has
among the longest
histories of any modern
country, emerging as one of
the world's first nation states
in the tenth millennium BC.
*Egypt was a province of the
Ottoman Empire until 1914
when it was declared a British
protectorate.
In 1919 the Egyptians
revolted against the British
control and in 1923 Egypt set
up it’s own government with
a Parliament.
Saudi Arabia
*The Kingdom of Saudi
Arabia was founded in
1932 by Ibn Saud. Saudi
Arabia has since been an
absolute monarchy,
effectively a hereditary
dictatorship governed
along Islamic lines.
*Arabia is the world's
largest oil producer and
exporter, controlling the
world's second largest oil
reserves, and the sixth
largest gas reserves.
*"There is no God but Allah and Muhammad is his Prophet."
Israel
*The modern state of Israel was
born in 1947 when the United
Nations voted to establish a
Jewish homeland. The
surrounding Arab nations were
not in agreement with this and
Israel has been at war since the
first day she existed.
Efforts to resolve the Israeli–
Palestinian conflict have not
resulted in peace. However,
peace treaties between Israel
and both Egypt and Jordan have
successfully been signed. Israel's
occupation of the Palestinian
territories is the world's longest
military occupation in modern
times
Iraq
*The region in Iraq between
the Tigris and Euphrates
rivers, historically known as
Mesopotamia, is often
referred to as the cradle of
civilization. It was here that
mankind first began to read,
write, create laws, and live in
cities under an organized
government.
*Iraq has belonged to many
different groups (Ottomans,
British..). There has been war
in Iraq since the turn of the
century.
Current situation:
*The pink part is
controlled by the Iraqi
government.
*The gray part is
controlled by ISIS
*The yellow part is
controlled by Iraqi
Kurds.
Iran
*Beginning in 633 AD, Arabs
conquered Iran and largely
displaced the indigenous faiths
by Islam. Iran became a major
contributor to the Islamic
Golden Age that followed,
producing many influential
scientists, scholars, artists, and
thinkers.
*The Persian Constitutional
Revolution of 1906, established
a constitutional monarchy which
was overthrown in 1953 with the
help of the US and UK.
Iran was pro American for a
time, but the 1979 Revolution
and the established an Islamic
republic.
Yemen
*Yemen is a
developing country,
and the poorest
country in the Middle
East.
*Yemen has been in a
state of political crisis
since 2011, starting
with street protests
against poverty,
unemployment and
corruption.
Oman
*Oman is an absolute
monarchy. The Sultan
Qaboos bin Said al Said
has been the hereditary
leader of the country
since 1970. Sultan
Qaboos is the longestserving current ruler in
the Middle East, and
sixth-longest current
reigning monarch in the
world.
United Arab
Emirates
*The UAE is a federation of
seven emirates, and was
established on December 2,
1971. The constituent emirates
are Abu Dhabi (which serves as
the capital), Ajman, Dubai,
Fujairah, Ras al-Khaimah,
Sharjah and Umm al-Quwain.
Each emirate is governed by an
absolute monarch; together,
they jointly form the Federal
Supreme Council. One of the
monarchs is selected as the
President of the United Arab
Emirates.
*Emirate is the lands of a Muslim Ruler.
Qatar
*Following Ottoman rule,
Qatar became a British
protectorate in the early 20th
century until gaining
independence in 1971.
*Qatar is a hereditary
monarchy
*Qatar is a high income
economy and is a developed
country, backed by the
world's third largest natural
gas reserves and oil reserves.
The country has the highest
per capita income in the
world.
Kuwait
Kuwait is a constitutional
emirate with a semidemocratic political system.
It has a high income
economy backed by the
world's sixth largest oil
reserves. The Kuwaiti dinar
is the highest valued
currency in the world
*In 1990, Kuwait was
invaded by Iraq. The Iraqi
occupation came to an end
in 1991 after military
intervention by coalition
forces.
Bahrain
*It is a small Arab
monarchy in the Persian
Gulf. It is an island
country consisting of a
small archipelago
centered around Bahrain
Island.
*In 1971, Bahrain
declared independence
from the British
Protectorate. Formerly a
state, Bahrain was
declared a Kingdom in
2002.
Afghanistan
*Afghanistan became a buffer
state in the "Great Game"
between British India and the
Russian Empire. Following the
Third Anglo-Afghan War in
1919, King Amanullah
unsuccessfully attempted to
modernize the country. It
remained peaceful during
Zahir Shah's forty years of
monarchy. A series of coups in
the 1970s was followed by a
series of civil wars that
devastated much of
Afghanistan and continues to
this day.