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Persian Wars! The How Do We Know? Remember, history is what is remembered and written down, along with the bias of the writer. •Herodotus - primary source •“Father of History” •Ionian Greek •Eye-witness & interviewed Eye-witnesses •Wrote The Persian Wars How Do We Know? “These are the inquiries (the Greek word is ‘histories’) of Herodotus of Halikarnassos, which he sets down so that he can preserve the memory of what these men have done, and ensure that the wondrous achievements of the Greeks and barbarians (the Persians) do not lose their deserved fame, and also to record why we went to war with each other.” -Herodotus Persian Empire Expands Remember the Persians? •Conquered the Babylonians… •“Freed” the Jews and allowed them to return to Jerusalem and rebuild the temple to Yahweh •Cyrus the Great ---> Jews called him the “Messiah” or God’s “anointed one” •Empire ---> largest to date under Darius, from Egypt, Asia Minor to India •Satraps & Satrapies Persian Empire Expands Persian War - the Greeks vs. the Persians People to know… GREEKS -Leonidas -Pericles -Themistocles PERSIANS -Cyrus the Great -Darius* -Xerxes* Key Battles to Know … (there’s 4) B. of Marathon B. of Thermopylae B. of Salamis B. of Plataea The Persian War SO WHAT? Who cares? What’s at stake? JUST THE FUTURE OF WESTERN CIVILIZATION! Persian Expansion -1st Invasion under Darius Ionia & the Ionian Greeks Northern Greece - Thrace & Macedonia Battle of Marathon Battle of Marathon Battle of Marathon New Emperor - XERXES •Son of Darius •Finish what his father started PERSIAN WAR Q.W. Summarize in a paragraph the Persian War so far. Use you notes and your BRAIN! 3rd Invasion - Sea and Land SARDIS * • ATHENS • SPARTA 3rd Invasion - 480 B.C. 3rd Invasion - 480 B.C. The Persian Horde Battle of Thermopylae Battle of Thermopylae Battle of Thermopylae Battle of Thermopylae Battle of Thermopylae Battle of Thermopylae Battle of Salamis Battle of Salamis - Naval Battle Battle of Salamis Battle of Salamis Battle of Salamis Battle of Salamis - Greek Victory at Sea Battle of Plataea Battle of Plataea -LAST MAJOR LAND BATTLE -Who is Victorious? Who has “NIKE”? Persian War - Overview •492 BCE - 1st invasion -Ionia, Macedonia & Thrace, Dardanelles ------> Persian Empire expands - into Asia Minor & northern Greece •Ionia and Ionian Greeks revolt •Persia - punish Athens for helping •490 BCE - 2nd invasion •B.of Marathon •New Emperor - XERXES •480 BCE - 3rd invasion - punish Greece for good •B.of Thermopylae •B.of Salamis •B.of Plataea •Aftermath - Athenian expansion & greatness Delian League* Peloponnesian War Aftermath of the Persian War •Athenian Imperialistic expansion •cultural, economic & military power ---> navy •Athens & “allies” -->Delian League •“Golden Age” for Athens ----> “Age of Pericles” •Sparta and allies -----> Peloponnesian League •Outbreak of war •Expected to be short Peloponnesian War •Conflicts between the two power’s allies - ultimate involvement of Sparta & Athens •War’s escalation - no definitive battle - plague - Alcibiades - truce - Sicily - Persians - Defeat & Aftermath
