Download Chapter 2---The French Revolution And Napoleon

Chapter 2---The French Revolution And Napoleon -1789–1815
The Old Regime
Under the ________________________, or old order, everyone in France belonged to one of three
classes.
FIRST ESTATE- ________________
 Wealthy and privileged
 Bishops (nobles) to parish priest ( commoners)
 2% 0f the population
 Owned 10% of land
 ____________________________________
SECOND ESTATE- ___________________________
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Privileged, titled, land owners --- little money income
_____________________________________________________________________________
Hated absolutism
_____________________________________________________________________________
THIRD ESTATE-__________________________________________________
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Peasants were _______________ of French population
Resented privilege of first and second estates
__________________________________________________________________________
Many earned miserable wages and faced hunger and even starvation
___________________________________- led people to question the inequalities of the old regime.
Economic Trouble
Economic woes ________________________________________ and heightened tension
1) The French government engaged in ____________________________________________________
______________________________.
2) Deeply in _____________ due to wars ( Seven Years War & the American Revolution) led to
_________________________________________
3) __________________________ at the palace
To bridge the gap between income and expenses, the____________________________ more and more
money --- increasing its huge debt.
Necker’s Advice
The king’s financial advisor, Jacque Necker, suggested the following:
1) _________________________________________________________________________
2) reform government
3) _________________________________________________________________________
*Louis XVI was forced to dismiss Jacques Necker, at the request of the 1st and 2nd estates.
Economic Hard Times Increases
_____________________ in the late 1780s sent food prices soaring & brought hunger to poorer
peasants & city dwellers --leading to bread riots & anger towards the gov’tment.
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The Meeting of the Estates General
France’s economic crisis forced Louis XVI to summons the _______________________________.
All three estates prepare __________________ – notebooks – listing their grievances
_________________________________________________________________!
The King ________________ to grant the request of the _________________.
The third estate refused to bulge and declared themselves the __________________________________
_____________________ – representatives of the people of France.
Reformed-minded clergy & nobles joined the National Assembly, forcing Louis XVI to accept the
Assembly.
Members of the National Assembly pledged the ______________________________ - not to disband
until they had a constitution
Storming the Bastille, July 14, 1789
A rumor that the king was planning a military coup against the National Assembly led 800 Parisians to
gathered outside the Bastille, demanding weapons___________________________________________.
Section 2: Creating a New France
______________ became the revolutionary center with various ___________________ – small groups,
competing for power.
Reforms of the National Assembly Moderates
Forced to act quickly, ________________________________________ of the ____________________
agreed to:
1) give up their special privileges
2) __________________________________
Forging the way for the creation of a _____________________________________ - limiting the power
of the king
_________________________________________________became the rallying cry of the French
Revolutionaries!!!!!
Women March on Versailles -- October 5-6, 1789
Poor mothers concerned for their kids, marched to the ________________________________________
demanding to see the king.
Forcing the King and family to move to Paris and reside at the Tuileries Palace.
The National Assembly Presses Onward towards a Constitution
1. Placed the _____________________________ under state control.
2. Created the Constitution of 1791– ___________________________________.
3. Established the __________________________ – elected lawmakers, who had the power to
collect taxes, & wage war
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The Royal Family Attempts to Flee
June, 1791 --the royal family ________________________________; the king is recognized at Varennes
They return to Paris as prisoners
The Legislative Assembly -A Bourgeois Government
________________ quickly_________________ within the Legislative Assembly (the left, center, &
right)
A) Jacobins, wanted to set up a _____________________ --- no monarch, but elected representatives
B) Opposing the Jacobins were moderates (center) who wanted no more reforms
_______________________________ -- radical supporters of the Jacobins. Working class men and
women.
Foreign Reaction
Supporters of the Enlightenment saw the French experiment as the __________________________
____________________________________.
_______________________________ and nobles ___________________ the French Revolution and
__________________________________________________ to stop the spread of the “French plague”
Fueling those of fears of the European monarchs were the horror stories of the émigrés – nobles, clergy
and others who fled France & its revolutionary elements
In 1791, the monarchs of Austria and Prussia issued ____________________________
____________- in which they threatened to intervene to protect the French monarchy
__________________________ in France took the threat seriously and _________________________.
Under the leadership of the Jacobins, the Legislative Assembly, ______________________________
Creating an army based on merit, not birth!
_______________________, a strong feeling of pride and devotion to one’s country, spread throughout
France as they united to defend their cause.
Section 3: Radical Days Objectives
Radicals and the Convention
1792,The Jacobins took control of the Assembly establishing the National Convention which:
 ____________________ and declared France a __________________
 Granted ___________________ to all ______________ citizens
 Created the ___________________________________________________to deal with outside
threats to France – ___________________________________!!
 COPS consisted of a __________________________________ which had almost
_______________________ –executing the “Reign of Terror”
 It’s leader was ________________________________
 The _______________________ = symbol of the Reign of Terror which lasted from July 1793July 1794
Women played a vital role in the Revolution.
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Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Citizen (1791)
__________________________________________ Sent to the guillotine!
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Death to the King & Queen
King Louis the XVI was put on trial for treason and ___________________ in January of 1793.
October of 1793 _____________________________________________________.
From Convention to Directory
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Peasants and workers _______________________.
Peasants were led by royalists & the clergy
Workers rebelled against the government due to ______________________________________.
The ______________________ gave way to the ______________________.
The Directory
 The Constitution of 1795 set up a _____________________________ and a
______________________ legislature.
 Members were ________________________________________.
 1799 in a _________________________ led by ____________________ the Directory was
overthrown.
Section 4: The Age of Napoleon Begins
At each step of his rise to power, Napoleon had held a ___________________ – a ballot in which voters
say yes or no. Each time the French strongly supported him.
Became _________________________ for life in 1804 after winning a plebiscite (yes or no vote).
France Under Napoleon
Napoleon strengthen the central government with ________________________________________.
General Reforms
 __________________________________
 ___________________________________
 ___________________________________
 Rebuilt Paris
 Encouraged new industries
 Built roads & canals
 Established public schools
 Napoleon won support across class lines!!!!
Napoleonic Code
The Napoleonic Code – single ___________________________________________
 Equality of law
 Basic liberties
 Restored slavery
 Limits on women’s rights
 Limits on political rights and freedom of speech and press
 Religious toleration
 Advancement based on merit
 NO LAWS APPLIED TO NAPOLEON
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Napoleon’s Empire
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Redrew the map of Europe as he _____________________________________.
________________, or added outright, some areas to France. .
_______________ the Holy Roman Empire.
Cut__________________ in half
Increased _________________________ in France.
But, many Europeans saw Napoleon and his armies as foreign oppressors and fought back!!
THREE BLUNDERS
1) Joseph, in charge of Spain. Spanish fought back with help from the British. Guerrilla Warfare
destroyed the French. Napoleon has to pull out (300,000 French killed)
2)
_________________ Napoleon tried to isolate trade with Britain (to hurt their
economy), but it backfired.
_____________________________ - Napoleon lost to the British navy. This was Napoleon’s
first major defeat –__________________________________!!!
3) Napoleon’s Downfall
In response to the Russian pulling out of the Continental System, Napoleon invades
_________________________.
To avoid confronting Napoleon’s soldiers, the Russian’s retreated and practiced the
“______________________________ – burning crops and villages as they retreated.
Nearly all of Napoleon’s 400,000 troops died, most from hunger and the cold of the
_________________________________________.
1813—Napoleon was defeated in the ______________________ in Leipzig.
1814—Napoleon __________________, or stepped down from power, and was exiled to
_____________
Finally, defeated Napoleon at _____________________.
Exiled to __________________, .
Legacy of Napoleon
Napoleon’s conquests spread the ideas of the ________________________________.
The abolition of the Holy Roman Empire ---- _______________________________________.
The sale of France’s Louisiana Territory _________________ doubled the size of the United States -_____________________________________.
What Were the Goals of the Congress of Vienna?
The chief goal of the Congress was to ___________________________ by establishing a balance of
power and _________________ the system of _____________________.
To achieve this goal, the peacemakers did the following:
Redraw the map of Europe, surrounding France with___________________________________.
Promoted the __________________________________, restoring hereditary monarchies that the
French Revolution or Napoleon had unseated.
To protect the new order, Austria, Prussia, Russia, and Great Britain extended their
__________________________________ into the postwar era.
Problems of the Peace-----____________________________________
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