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New opportunities. New ideas. New styles. Adopting this new style. Affect on Universities. Schoenberg. Émigré to seek these new opportunities. Born June 17, 1882 Composer, Pianist, and Conductor Traveled a lot due to his profession and ended up in US Didn’t care for American Culture except for Jazz and Ragtime Mixed blues notes and dissonant harmonies with Harmon mutes, growls, and spiky rhythms. His music at the end of his career related to the type of serialism being introduced. Stravinsky and Bernstein contributed to the new musical styles being developed across America. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LGnsqTDY9Tw Born in Austria Was a musical theorist and composer while also painter 1934 left Austria for America His approach was very influential throughout the 20th century. European and American composers to his methods both with open arms and very much against it. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bQHR_Z8XVvI New musical styles being developed and included in education. Mathematicians started playing a bigger role in composition. Schoenberg’s twelve-tone row in serialism. Many composers approached it in many ways, agreeing with Schoenberg. Stravinsky discovered the twelve-tone row and liked it, composing a couple pieces with it. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ud8zVcHPnuM https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jn7Ud_8-xk8 Milton Babbitt Trained Mathematician Took composers like Schoenberg’s ideas and extended his serialized ideas. His extension of this featured complex music with simple names. His love of these extended ideas morphed into the beginning of Electronic Music https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d01f wczBHp0 Elliott Carter Born in New York and went to Harvard College Focused on Atonal Writing Slowly tested his atonal writing with each new piece he wrote. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ApcFw0r2tI Edgard Varese wanted to create music directly through machines. First version was the magnetic tape recorder in the late 1940s 1952 featured the first American tape music concert Only few musicians possessed the knowledge to create electronic music. Varese did this in his late seventies with tools now available creating Poème électronique. The synthesizer was then invented and made it easier to record. The invention of the Synthesizer led to electronic music studios spreading across the US. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R-R3F3ZVbi8 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J9wzev494_k A pioneer of Electroacoustic music. The first to complete a tape composition Sound was influenced by Asian and Euopean styles of music Used one player percussion or a “prepared piano” Influenced by Eighteenth century composer Domenico Scarlatti Incorporated scale root form using durational proportion https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JTEFKFiXSx4 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9r8YQ50OZ-o Name Borrowed from the visual arts Music based on a radically reduced amount of musical material and relying on static harmony, patterned rhythms, and repetition Influences Terry Riley La Monte Young Steve Reich Philip Glass Influences Improvisation Technology Overlook on life In C (1964) Considered the anthem of minimalism Compiled of 53 short motives Unfixed number of unspecified instruments Tape loops An effect used since the 1950’s Lengths of magnetic tape spliced end to end in a circle Recorded sounds repeat indefinitely Influences Jazz West African Drumming and Balinese Gamelan Phase music Two or more identical parts played in slightly different tempos (It’s Gonna Rain) Two Tape machines Layering them upon one another for musical effect Come Out (1966) From an interview with a victim of a police beating in Harlem “I has to, like, let some of the bruise blood come out to show them” Tape Looped the last five words Most widely recognized minimalist composer Einstein on the Beach – Knee Play 3 (1976) Uses a basic formula to travel through the piece by using solfege and numbers Uses different series of accents and orders to keep the piece moving while using all of the same ideas. Koyaanisqatsi (1982) Series of Film Scores