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Classification of living organisms The Kingdoms All living things are divided into 5 kingdoms: 1. Prokaryotes - Single celled organisms. The Kingdoms All living things are divided into 5 kingdoms: 1. Prokaryotes - Single celled organisms. 2. Protoctista The Kingdoms All living things are divided into 5 kingdoms: 1. Prokaryotes - Single celled organisms. 2. Protoctista 3. Fungi The Kingdoms All living things are divided into 5 kingdoms: 1. 2. 3. 4. Prokaryotes - Single celled organisms. Protoctista Fungi Plants The Kingdoms All living things are divided into 5 kingdoms: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Prokaryotes - Single celled organisms. Protoctista Fungi Plants Animals The Animal kingdom We will often focus on Invertebrates. Invertebrates make up 97% of all animal species (the other 3% are mammals, birds, fish, reptiles & amphibians). This means there are a lot of different species to identify! However, we can sort them into smaller groups called classes and then into orders. The invertebrates we are likely to find fall into 6 classes: • • • • • • Crustaceans Arachnids Molluscs Worms Myriapods Insects Use the information cards to sort the invertebrates into their different classes. Invertebrate Facts • About 75% of all species described are invertebrates • It is estimated that 10,000,000,000,000,000,000 (or ten million, million, million) individual invertebrates are on the planet at any one time. • An average brood of Great Tit chicks will consume around 120,000 caterpillars whilst they are in the nest • 1 in 3 mouthfuls of food contain insect pollinated products. • Malaria kills one person every 12 seconds The Plant kingdom We will often focus on Flowering Plants. These can be divided into two groups: *Those with a vascular system of phloem and xylem and true roots. * Those without - usually smaller plants with gaseous exchange across membranes and through pores and fibrous rhizoids rather than roots. The Plant kingdom Vascular: * Ferns * Conifers * Flowering Plants Non-vascular * Mosses * Liverworts Plant Facts • 400,000 Plant species worldwide • 20% of UK Flora is threatened • Plants provide the photosynthetic pathways that capture sunlight energy for our food chains • Plant science inform agriculture, conservation, horticulture and environmental issues. The Classification System Kingdom - largest, most diverse Phylum Class Order Family Genus Increasingly Species-smallest, specific least diverse Crustaceans • • • • • Shell-like exoskeleton Variable number of body segments Antennae 14 legs No wings Worms • • • • • No exoskeleton Lots of body segments No antennae No legs No wings Arachnids • • • • • Exoskeleton 2 body segments No antennae 8 legs No wings Molluscs • • • • • No exoskeleton 1 Body segment Eyes on tentacles No legs No wings Myriapods • • • • • Exoskeleton Lots of body segments Antennae At least 14 legs No wings Insects • • • • • Exoskeleton 3 Body segments Antennae 6 legs 2 or 4 wings We can divide the insects into smaller groups called orders: • • • • • • • Butterflies & Moths (Lepidoptera) Lacewings (Neuroptera) Dragonflies & Damselflies (Odonata) Bugs (Hemiptera) Beetles (Coleoptera) Flies (Diptera) Bees, ants & wasps (Hymenoptera) The Classification System Kingdom - largest, most diverse Phylum eg Arthropoda Class eg Insecta Order eg Coleoptera Family eg Carabidae Genus eg Carabus Species-eg Carabus nitens