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Unit A Chapter 2 Lesson 1 Pgs A42-A49 Classification is the arrangements of things into groups of similar items. Scientists classify living things to describe what they are like and how they relate to other organisms. There is no one correct classification system. They are correct as long as they are useful. Here we see Homo sapiens (modern humans) on the left, and Homo neanderthalensis (Neanderthals or “cavemen”) on the right. We belong to the same genus because of large similarities but are different species due to specific differences. Taxonomy The study of scientific classification. Aristotle was an ancient Greek philosopher who lived from 384-322 B.C. (BCE). He is sometimes called “the father of science.” He classified living things into plants and animals. The plants were divided into herbs, shrubs, and trees. The animals were divided into whether they had blood (vertebrates) or no blood (invertebrates.) He then divided the animals where they dwelled; land, air, or water. Also called the father of taxonomy (maybe he’s the stepdad) A Swedish scientist who developed a more detailed classification system in the mid 1700’s. His system known as the Linnaen system is what our current classification system is based off today. Carl giving a look that says “Ladies, you know you love the curls.” He first grouped all living things into two groups called kingdoms; plant and animal. He then organized the members of each kingdom into smaller groups based on their features. He was most well known for inventing a system for naming living things called the binomial system. Every living thing has a scientific name, written in Latin, and contains their genus and species. While we still do use the Linnaean system, it has been expanded and improved. Instead of only two kingdoms, we now have 5. Scientists are currently debating whether to add a 6th or even 7th kingdom as new research is completed. The current kingdoms are Plantae, Animalia, Fungi, Monera, and Protista. Plants are multi-celluar, have a nucleus, make their own food and cannot move. Scientists look at plants adaptations to help group them. An adaptation is a structure or feature that helps an organism to survive. Scientists look at the plant’s roots, stems, and leaf shape to group them. Animals are multi-celled, and have no cell walls. They have a nucleus, eat food but most can move. Animals are put into two large groups; those with a backbone (vertebrates) and those without (invertebrates. Vertebrates are organized based on their body coverings, how they reproduce, how they breathe and many more. They are mostly multi- celled, they have cell walls, a nucleus, they take in food, and cannot move. Yeast is a one celled fungus. Some common fungi are mushrooms, bread mold, and yeast. Mostly single celled, some have cell walls. They have a nucleus. They take in food or make their own food. Many of them can move. Protists can be both plant and animal like. Plant-like protists are classified by their color and if they have a shell. Ex. Algae Animal-like protists move using either flagellum or cilia, tiny hairs. They also can cause many serious illnesses like malaria or sleeping sickness. In one gram of soil there can be 150,000 protists. These are common protists found in ponds. Single celled, have a cell wall, no nucleus. They take in food or make their own, some can move. Monerans are the most numerous organisms on Earth. In one gram of soil there can be over 2 billion monerans. Many are harmless but a few can cause horrible infections…….if you are squeamish don’t look…. Monerans are classified by the size and shape of their cells. This is a flesh eating bacteria…..please don’t play in swampy water with any open wounds. Let’s not end like this!! Go back to the cute and fuzzy animal kingdom!!!! That used to be a seal……so much for cute and fuzzy bears. The End.