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Section 3.1 1. Succession – a process by which a biological community changes over time. 2. Natural Event – An earthquake will cause damage to an ecosystem/s in its path of destruction. Human Event – Logging can cause destruction of habitats where the logs are cut and can also destroy ecosystems. 3. 4. Lichen is termed a pioneer species because it needs few nutrients to grow. It needs only a little water and sunlight. 5. Two examples of a climax community are: 1) Boreal Forest (Canada) and 2) Tundra (Canada). 6. 7. The evidence that would indicate that a shallow pond once existed in a forest ecosystem is the existence of a bog. 8. During a drive through some farmland you notice an old farm field overgrown with weeds and shrubs. After several more years, if the field continues to be left undisturbed, it will turn into a forest ecosystem. 9. A community of plants and animals can alter the environment to create new conditions that allow other species to live in an area by: 1) A beaver making a dam to create a pond for fish. 2) Decaying trees can provide a new habitat for termites to feed.