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Name ________________________________ Parent Initials (+5) ___________________ Rocks & Minerals Study Guide Science Hard Book pages 192-202 Vocabulary _______________________ – a solid, nonliving substance found in nature _______________________ – the scale used to measure the hardness of a mineral _______________________ – a nonliving material made of one or more minerals _______________________ – forms when melted rock cools and hardens _______________________ – a kind of rock that forms from layers of sediment _______________________ – a rock that has been changed by heating and squeezing _______________________ – tiny bits of weathered rock or once-living animals or plants _______________________ – melted rock that is inside the earth ________________________ – melted rock that has flowed onto earth’s surface How We Identify Minerals 1. _____________________ – but, do not identify a mineral by color alone 2. _____________________ – the powder left behind when a mineral is scratched on a white tile 3. _____________________ – how light bounces off of a mineral (shiny, dull, metallic) 4. _____________________ – the Mohs’ Scale is numbered from 1 to 10, 1 being the softest (talc), and 10 being the hardest (diamond) Rocks Rocks are made up of mineral pieces called grains. A rock’s _____________________ is how it looks or feels. The larger the grains, the ___________________ the texture of the rock will be. The smaller the grains, the _____________________ the rock feels. Types of Rocks 1. Igneous Rocks – form when melted rock (magma or lava cools and hardens). Granite and Basalt are examples. 2. Sedimentary Rocks – form from layers of sediment. Shale, Limestone, and Sandstone are examples. Fossils form in Sedimentary rock. 3. Metamorphic Rocks – are changed by heating and squeezing. They become completely different rocks. Gneiss, Slate, and Phyllite are examples. How We Use Rocks and Minerals - pencils (graphite) - salt (halite) - Telephone wires (copper) - Baseball bats (aluminum) - glass, chalk, and toothpaste - We build roads, houses, and statues. Limestone is used to make cement, and coal is burned for heat. - Gems and jewelry – diamonds, rubies, and emeralds for example My child studied for this quiz X ___________________________________________________ (+5 points)
