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Cold War Conflict
Democracy vs. Communism
U.S and Soviet Aims Around the World
United States
• Encourage democracy in other
countries to help prevent the rise of new
totalitarian governments.
• Gain access to raw materials and
markets for its booming industries.
• Rebuild European governments to
ensure stability and to create new
markets for American goods.
• Reunite Germany, believing that
Europe would be more secure if
Germany were productive and less
bitter about defeat.
Soviet Union
• Encourage Communism in other
countries as part of the worldwide
struggle between workers and the
wealthy.
• Transfer the industrial equipment of
Eastern Europe to the Soviet Union to
help rebuild its war-ravaged economy.
• Control Eastern Europe to balance
the US influence in Western Europe.
• Keep Germany divided and weak,
since the Germans had waged war
against Russia twice in 30 years and
had caused most of the 20 million
Soviet deaths in WWII.
A Deadly Equation
Communism vs. Democracy (Capitalism)
+ Nuclear Weapons = COLD
WAR
Cold War Terms to Know
Terms Associated with the United States
Containment – The U.S. policy of blocking or stopping the
spread of Communism. (Or democracy…Soviet Union)
Truman Doctrine – U.S. plan to support any nation or
government opposed to Communist rule.
Marshall Plan – U.S. plan to economically and industrially
rebuild Europe with U.S. funds.
NATO – Military alliance between the U.S. and other
non-Communist nations.
Cold War Terms to Know
Terms Associated with the Soviet Union
Satellite Nations – Countries dependent upon the Soviet
Union for all forms of existence.
Iron Curtain – Communist stronghold in Europe…a term
coined by Winston Churchill. (Separates democratic and
Communist Countries)
Warsaw Pact – Military alliance between the Soviet Union
and other Eastern European nations.
Cold War Conflict
Democracy vs. Communism
Democracy:
• Private Citizens control almost all economic
activity
• Voting by the people to elect President and
Congress from competing political parties
Communism:
• The state controlled all property and economic
activity
• Communist Party established a totalitarian
government with no opposing parties.
Conflict: Elections in Poland
•
A major conflict between the U.S. and U.S.S.R.
began at the Potsdam Conference in July 1945 (just
before the war ended)
•
Stalin promised Roosevelt that he would allow free
elections in Poland – he didn’t and he banned
political parties
•
This theme continues throughout all of the Soviet
occupied territories (Satellite Nations: Albania,
Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, and
Poland)
U.S. Policy of Containment
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Developed by George F Kennan in 1946
A policy of taking measures to prevent any extension of
Communist rule in other countries
Containment divides Europe into two political regions:
Democratic Western Europe/Communist Eastern
Europe
Containment of Communism becomes the policy of:
Truman, Eisenhower, Kennedy, Johnson, Nixon, Ford,
Carter, and Reagan (1945-1989)