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Unit 5 IMPORTANT EMPIRES I Important Empires I 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Map Timeline Gupta Empire Tang Dynasty Byzantine Empire Muslim Empire Map Timeline 3 0 0 4 0 0 5 0 0 6 0 0 7 0 0 8 0 0 9 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 Gupta Empire Tang Dynasty Byzantine Empire Muslim Empire 1 2 0 0 1 3 0 0 Two Important Terms 1. Empire: A civilization that takes over other territories and unites them under one ruler 2. Golden Age: A time of peace and prosperity Gupta Empire India’s Golden Age: -Came during the Gupta Empire -Chandra Gupta started the empire -Golden Age: A time in a culture’s history where there is peace and prosperity, there are many great cultural contributions Gupta Contributions to Our Society 1. Decimal System 1. Arabic Numerals {1,2,3,4,5,……………………..} 2. Concept of Zero - Tang Dynasty 1. Influence on Japan and Korea: - Much of Japanese and Korean culture was borrowed from the Chinese during the Tang Dynasty - Buddhism - Writing System - Confucianism: “5 Relationships” - Respect for nature The Silk Road Helped the Dynasty extend Westward Connected China with western cultures (Muslim and Byzantine Empires) Tang Contributions to Our Society 1. Gunpowder 2. Porcelain 3. Compass 4. Spinning Wheel 5. Mechanical Clock 6. Block Printing Byzantine Empire Created: It was the Eastern Half of the Old Roman Empire How the Byzantine Empire Compared with the Roman Empire Capital Holy Roman Empire Byzantine Rome Constantinople Religion Roman Catholic (Christian) Eastern (Greek) Orthodox (Christian) Language Other Information -The Western Half of the old Roman Empire Latin -Fell into the “Dark Ages” -The Eastern Half of the Old Roman Empire Greek -Grew strong and lasted 1,000 years Impact on Russia Religion: Eastern Orthodox spread to Russia (known as Russian Orthodox) Trade: Many Byzantine ideas were introduced into Russia 1. Cyrillic Alphabet 2. Religion 3. Art Work (Mosaic) 4. Architecture Contributions to Our Society Justinian’s Code: - The laws of the Byzantine Empire based on the “Twelve Tables” of Roman law, became a basis for laws in many European nations - Thousands of laws - More modern law code Art and Architecture: - Usually supported the Christian Church Preservers of Greek and Roman culture: - The Byzantine Empire saved the knowledge, art, and ideas of the old Roman and Greek cultures - “Classical” culture Reasons why the Empire lasted so long 1. Organized Government 2. Did not get to be too big 3. Minded their own business Muslim Empire How it Spread: Origin: Out of Mecca, east to India, west across North Africa and on into Spain Growth: to spread Islam to other people 1. Military conquest – took about 100 years to expand the empire - They were great fighters, if they died in battle, they believed they would go directly to heaven (Jihad) - They treated conquered people fairly – better than previous rulers Battle of Tours: (732 CE) 1. In Southern France 2. The French Christians, under Charles Martel, defeated the Muslims and stopped their advance in Europe Golden Age: (700-900 CE) 1. A time of great learning and cultural diffusion Contributions to Our Society Mathematics Spread Gupta math ideas Created Algebra and Trigonometry Astronomy -Learned from Greek ideas -Study of the stars; created astronomical tables Contributions continued….. Medicine Islamic Law Created Hospitals Based on Islamic religious laws in Wrote medical textbooks the Qu’ran Became the basis for political laws in the empire Doctors required to pass exams to practice medicine Contributions continued… Architecture Banking Influenced by Byzantine and Used Money Indian styles Allowed credit (money borrowing) to be used Preservers of the Greek and Roman culture Preserved the Roman and Greek ideas that they got from their contacts with the Byzantine Empire Preserved them They improved upon them (i.e. translated Roman writings, etc…) Essential Questions 1. What would be the most influential contributions from these Empires? A.) Technology: mechanical clock, gunpowder, block printing, compass B.) Learning: mathematics, science, medicine, preservation of Greek and Roman culture by the Muslim and Byzantine Empires C.) Laws: Justinian’s Code 2. Why did the Muslim Empire become the most influential on European culture? - Their geographic nearness to Europe (they were centrally located among these empires and the Muslims shared the ideas they obtained from other cultures with Europeans) - Great traders with Europe - The Crusades