Download Infectious and Non-Infectious Diseases

Infectious and NonInfectious Diseases
(What are they, how are they
caused, how are they treated
and how can we prevent
them)
Pathogens (infectious)
 Organisms that cause
disease
 Bacteria
 Viruses
 Fungi
 Protozoan
 Parasites
Bacteria vs. Viruses
 Simple, single celled
 Air, soil, food, and in
plants and animals
 Most are not disease
causing
 The ones that do,
enter cells and
damage them with
toxins
 Can be cured by
antibiotics
 Smallest
pathogens
 100x smaller than
bacteria
 Multiple when
living in cells
 Cannot be cured
by medicine, only
reduces the
symptoms
How are they spread?
 Contact with an infected person
 Contact with contaminated
object
 Contact with animal
 Contact with environment
sources
How does the body fight
them off?
 The immune system
 Phagocytes (white blood cells: eat up
foreign cells)
 Inflammation = the bodies response
 defenses Skin, sweat, hair, mucous membranes,
cilia,
Immune System: What is it
and How does it work?
 Lymphatic system
 Lymphocytes B and T cells (white
blood cells)
 Fights off infection
 Produce antibodies
 Vaccines (immunization schedule)
Stages of Diseases
 1. Incubation (entry to when you feel
sick)
 2. Prodomal (first symptoms)
 3. Acute (most severe)
 4. Recovery (start feeling better)
 5. Convalescence (end of sickness
and feeling better)
Treatment
 Over the counter medicine
 Reduce symptoms
 Medical Care
 Go to doctor
 Antibiotics (kill bacteria)
 No cure for viral infections
 Rest, well balanced diet, and plenty of
fluids
Prevention
 Eat a well-balanced diet
 8 hours of sleep
 Exercise
 Avoid stress
 Avoid tobacco, alcohol, and other
drugs
 Do not share toothbrush, cup, etc
 Wash hands!
 Check immunizations
Common diseases
 Cold
 Influenza
 Pneumonia
 Rubella
 Hepatitis
 Tuberculosis
 Mono (kissing disease)
STI’s
 Types:
 Parasitic, Bacterial, Viral
 Ex: Crabs, gonorrhea , Chlamydia, herpes, HPV,
etc.
 How they are transmitted
 Genital-genital contact
 Sexual contact
 Mother to baby
 Treatment- antibiotics, some no cure
 Prevention (healthy choices, contraception)
HIV/AIDS
 Transmission




blood to blood
Fluids
Mother to baby
Sexual contact
 Treatment- medicine
 Prevention
 Abstinence
 Condoms
Non-Infectious Disease
and disabilities
 Cardiovascular disease
 Cancer
 Diabetes/arthritis
 Disabilities
 Eating disorders
 Mental diseases
Cardiovascular Disease
 Types:
 High blood pressure
 Atherosclerosis
 Coronary artery disease
 Congestive heart failure
 Stroke
Preventing Cardiovascular
disease
 Do not smoke and if you do, quit.
 do not drink
 Exercise regularly
 Healthy diet and avoid obesity
 Control blood pressure
Uncontrollable Factors:
- age, family history, gender, race
Treating Cardiovascular
Disease
 Similar to prevention
 Surgery
 medication
Cancer
 Types of Cancer:
 skin, lung, oral, colon/rectal,
breast, reproductive,
leukemia/lymphoma, etc
 What causes cancer?
 Carciogens: being exposed to
cancer causing agents
Treating and Preventing
Cancer
 Prevention:





Avoid tobacco and alcohol
Protect yourself from the sun (spf)
Healthy diet and exercise
Avoid unnecessary x-rays and radiation
Regular check-ups
 Treatment:
 radiation, chemotherapy, immunotherapy
Diabetes (type I and type II)
 A disease in which the body’s ability
to use blood sugar (glucose-energy)
is impaired
 Insulin a hormone produced by the pancreas
that stimulates body cells to take up
and use blood sugar
Type I
 Insulin dependant
 More serious
 Produces little or no insulin
 Glucose levels remain high
 Appears during childhood
Type II
 Produce enough insulin, but their body cells do
not respond normally to insulin
 Occurs later in life
 Symptoms:
 Hard to heal infections, thirsty, frequent urination,
nausea, hunger, irritability, tired, itching, blurred
vision, and numbness in hands and feet.
 Causes:
 Family history, being overweight, and lack physical
activity
Disablities
 Physical
 Impaired sight, hearing or mobility
(cerebral palsy, spina bifida, cystic
fibrosis)
 Mental
 Downs syndrome, autism, aspergers
syndrome, learning disabilities,
emotional disabilities, ADD, ADHD,etc
Acceptance and awareness!!
Eating disorder
 Anorexia nervosa
 Deliberate self-starvation
 Bulimia nervosa
 Binge and purge
 Binge eating disorder
Mental disease
 Depression
 Schizophrenia
 Bipolar disorder
 insomnia
 Social phobias
 OCD