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CEMISTRY of CELLS
Cells and Water
From foukeffa.org
Written by David Wilson
Uintah High School
GA Ag Ed Curriculum Office
To accompany the Georgia Agriculture Education Curriculum Lesson
02471-18
July 2002
UNIT OBJECTIVES
1. Identify the major elements and
acromolecules found in living things.
2. Compare the properties and structure of
atoms found in living things.
3. Illustrate and explain how small molecules
combine to form large molecules.
4. Explain the role proteins play in cell structure
and function.
Objectives Continued
5. Hypothesize the relationship between the
properties of water to life’s processes.
6. Design and conduct an experiment that
demonstrates the importance of water.
7. Explain how water affects agriculture.
8. Compare and contrast how plants and
animals acquire and conserve water in a cell.
Important Terms
Matter – anything that has mass and volume.
Atom – smallest particle that can exist and still
be recognized as a certain kind of matter.
Element – matter that is made of only one kind of
atom.
Compound – matter that is made of more than
one kind of element, i.e.: water
Elements Essential for Life
Plants:
MAJOR ELEMENTS:
Carbon (C), Nitrogen (N),
Hydrogen (H), Oxygen
(O), Phosphorus (P),
Potassium (K), Calcium
(Ca), Magnesium (Mg),
Sulfur (S)
Plant:
MINOR ELEMENTS:
Boron (B), Copper (Cu),
Chlorine, Iron (Fe),
Manganese (Mn),
Molybdenum (Mo), Zinc
(Zn)
Elements essential for Animals
Calcium (Ca)
Sodium (Na)
Phosphorus (P)
Chlorine (Cl)
Potassium (K)
Sulfur (S)
Iron (Fe)
Iodine (I)
Cobalt (Co)
Copper (Cu)
Fluorine (F)
Manganese (Mn)
Molybdenum (Mo)
Selenium (Se)
Zinc (Zn)
MACROMOLECULES
Carbohydrates – organic compounds that living
things use to get their energy. Composed of C,
H, and O. Their bonds store energy.
Lipids – organic compounds used by organisms
to get energy when carbohydrates are not
available, i.e.: fats, oils, and waxes. Not soluble
in water.
Macromolecules continued
Protein – organic compounds used for building
body parts. Composed of long chains of amino
acids. 20 kinds of amino acids used in all living
things. They also act as enzymes.
Nucleic acids – proteins and CH2O can be used
to form nucleic acids. Control the activities of the
cell. Two types – DNA and RNA. Nucleotides
are subunits of DNA & RNA.
Proteins and Cell Structure
Cell structure
1. Cell membrane contains protein molecules.
2. Protein molecules help substances move into and
out of the cell.
Function
1. Produced on ribosome's.
2. Used to build body parts and cell membranes
3. Used in formation of nucleic acids.
Importance of Water
Living things are made of many different atoms that are
organized into thousands of different compounds. Most
of the compounds that make up living things contain
carbon. However, organisms also contain water, a
compound that does not contain carbon.
Approximately 70% of body mass is water.
Water acts as a transport system for nutrients and
wastes.
Compounds that dissolve in water form solutions.
Properties of Water
Cohesion – the polarity of water molecules
causes them to cling to one another like
magnets. Water flowing from a faucet.
Adhesion – water molecules that are attracted to
another surface. i.e.: water droplets stick to your
skin after a shower.