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PHILOSOPHICAL INQUIRY:
THE CONCEPT OF SUNSTAINABILITY
Earth
Daniela G. Camhy, Anja Lindbichler
EARTH – ABSTRACT
The planet Earth is the fifth largest in the solar system and the third closest to the Sun. The
Earth has the highest density of any planet. Its diameter is more than 12,700 km and it has
existed for about 4.6 billion years. It is the home of all known living organisms.
The mass of the Earth is composed mainly of iron (32,1 %), oxygen (30,1 %), silicon (15,1 %),
magnesium (13,9 %), sulfur (2,9 %), nickel (1,8 %), calcium (1,5 %) and aluminum (1,4 %).
The remaining 1,2% are traces of other elements.
According to seismic measurements the structure of the Earth consists of mainly three
layers: the Earth’s core, the mantle and the crust. These layers are separated by seismic
discontinuity zones of each other. The Earth's crust and the uppermost part of the upper
mantle together form the so-called lithosphere. The lithosphere ranges between 50 and 100
km in thickness and is divided in so-called tectonic plates.
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As the Sun and the other planets the Earth originated about 4.6 billion years ago from the
compression of the solar nebula. It is now generally accepted that during the first 100 million
years the Earth was exposed to an intense bombardment by asteroids. In contrast to the moon,
on Earth almost all impact craters have been removed by geological processes.
Because of the conversion of the kinetic energy of the asteroids on impact into heat during the
heavy bombardment and by the heat production of the radioactive decay the young Earth was
heated until it was mostly melted. As a result, there was a gravitational differentiation of the
Earth into a core and mantle. The heaviest elements, especially iron, sank into the center of the
planet, whereby heat was produced. Lighter elements, especially oxygen, silicon and aluminum,
rose up and formed silicate minerals, which mainly make up the rocks of the Earth's crust.
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Nicolás de Lekuona, Untilted, 1935, Collection Siblings Lekuona
Source: www.prometheud-bildarchiv.de
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Guiseppe Arcimboldo, Die Erde,
1570, Private Property
Source: www.prometheus-bildarchiv.de
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How real is reality?
Is there existence or
reality beyond our
subjective perception?
How important is
reality for humans?
What is reality?
Discussion plan:
Reality
What is the
difference between
reality and illusion?
What is the
difference between
reality and truth?
What is the
difference between
realness and reality?
What is the
difference between
real and reality?
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Alfred Kubin, Unser aller Mutter Erde, Our Mother Earth 1901-1902, Freiburg
Source: www.prometheus-bildarchiv.de
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Clemens Brentano
Schwalbenwitz
Wahrlich, wahrlich, ich sage euch,
Himmel und Erde sind sich gleich.
Spricht der Himmel: Werde!
Da grünt und blüht die Erde!
Spricht die Erde: Sterbe!
Da wird der Himmel ein lachender Erbe.
Sterne sah ich blinken und sinken,
Den Mond in der Sonne ertrinken,
Die Sonne stieg in die Meere,
Ohne daß sich ein Fünklein verlöre.
Feuer und Wasser hassen sich,
Erde und Wasser umfassen sich,
Luft und Feuer entzünden sich,
Erde und Feuer ersticken sich,
Erde und Luft umkühlen sich,
Luft und Wasser umspielen sich,
Aber alles ist Liebe, Liebe, Liebe,
Und wenn sich alles empörte, verzehrte,
verschlänge,
Daß gar nichts bliebe, bliebe doch Liebe
Die Hülle, die Fülle, die Menge
Source: Leitner, Anton G.: „Feuer, Wasser, Luft & Erde. Die Poesie der Elemente“, Philipp Reclam jun.,
Stuttgart 2003, S. 157.
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MUSIC
Gustav Mahler
Das Lied der Erde _Satz 4_ Von der Schönheit
The Song of the Earth
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DGxZl_LpPv8
31 Oktober 2012
FILM
Yann Arthus-Bertrand
HOME
Documentary, France 2009
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jqxENMKaeCU&list=UUsO1AOwtvyPFWnxDNy9pMqw
Am 26. August 2013
What do we owe
future generations?
Climate changewhat prize will future
generations have to pay?
Discussion plan.
Climate justice
How can emission
allowances be shared?
: How do regulated entities
acquire emissions
allowances?
Do future
generations do
have the right to a
healthy
environment?
Do future
generations have
rights?
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ARTICLE
Brenner, Harald
Die Entstehung der Erde
The Origin of the Earth
Deutschland 2012
You find the article at:
http://www.planetwissen.de/natur_technik/weltall/entstehung_des_lebens/entstehung_
der_erde.jsp
31 October 2012
What was at the
beginning of the
universe?
Has the universe
been here forever
or did it have a
beginning?
Discussion plan:
Beginning and end
What happened
before earth has
evolved?
What will
follow after the
end of the
universe?
Can one imagine
the beginning of all
beginnings?
Was the Big Bang the
beginning of the
universe?
How can one
imagine a spatial end
of the universe?
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