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Advances in Aquatic Ecology
— Volume 3 —
Editor
Dr. Vishwas B. Sakhare
Head,
Post Graduate Department of Zoology
Yogeshwari Mahavidyalaya,
Ambajogai – 431 517
Maharashtra
2010
DAYA PUBLISHING HOUSE
Delhi - 110 035
iv
© 2010 VISHWAS BALASAHEB SAKHARE (1974–
ISBN 81-7035-633-4
ISBN 978-81-7035-633-2
)
All rights reserved. Including the right to translate or to reproduce this book or parts thereof except for brief
quotations in critical reviews.
The views expressed in various articles are those of the authors and not of editor or publisher of the book.
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Preface
I am delighted to write about the third volume of Advances in Aquatic Ecology. This volume is the
compilation of esteemed articles of internationally acknowledged experts in the field of aquatic ecology
with the intention of providing a sufficient depth of the subject to satisfy the need of a level which will
be comprehensive and interesting. It is an assemblage of up to date information of rapid advances and
developments taking place in the field of aquatic ecology. With its application oriented and
interdisciplinary approach, I hope that the students, teachers, researchers, scientists, policy makers
and environmental lawyers in India and abroad will find this volume much more useful. The articles
in the book have been contributed by eminent scientists/academicians active in the areas of aquatic
ecology.
My special thanks and appreciation go to the scientists whose contributions have enriched this
volume. I wish to express my sincere gratitude to Dr. Sureshji Khursale, President, Yogeshwari
Education Society, Ambajogai who has been a source of constant inspiration. I am especially thankful
to Dr. Prakash Prayag, Principal, Yogeshwari Mahavidyalaya, Ambajogai for his encouragement. I
owe my special thanks to Dr. P.K. Joshi and Dr. S.P. Chavan of Dnyanopasak Mahavidyalaya, Parbhani;
Dr. Mohan S. Kodarkar of Indian Association of Aquatic Biologists, Hyderabad; Dr. Indranil Ghosh of
West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata; Dr. Milind Girkar of College of
Fisheries, Udgir; Dr. Meenakshi Jindal of CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar; Dr. Vishwas
Shembekar of Rajarshi Shau College, Latur; Shri Sachin Satam of MPEDA, Mumbai; Prof. M.B. Mule of
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad; V.B. Mulye of College of Fisheries,
Shirgaon, Ratnagiri; Prof. S. Ajmal Khan, Dr. K. Sivakumar and G. Thirumaran of Annamalai University,
Parangipettai and Prof. A.K. Patra of Utkal University, Bhubaneshwar.
I wish to thank my wife Surekha for her endurance during the compilation of work of this volume.
She has helped me for constantly data feeding, processing and reprocessing on computer. I want to
vi
thank my father Shri Balasaheb Sakhare, brother Avinash and sisters Minal and Preeti for their help
in many ways. I thank my publisher Shri Anil Mittal of Daya Publishing House, Delhi for taking pains
in bringing out the book.
Finally, I will always remain a debtor to all my well-wishers for their blessings, without which
this volume would not have come into existence.
Dr. Vishwas Balasaheb Sakhare
Contents
Preface
List of Contributors
1.
Status of Biodiversity in Inland Wetlands of Gwalior-Chambal Region in
Madhya Pradesh
R.J. Rao, R.K. Garg, S. Taigore, M. Arya, H. Singh, Bidyalakshmi and K. Kushwah
2.
Marine Ornamental Fishes in the Little Andaman Island
M. Murugan, Maloy Kumar Sahu, M. Srinivasan, Kamala Devi, S. Ajmal Khan
and L. Kannan
3.
Influence of Supplementary Feeds on the Growth and Excretory Metabolite
Levels in Heteropneustes fossilis
Meenakshi Jindal
4.
Bactericides from Actinobacteria Isolated from the Sediments of Shrimp Pond
K. Sivakumar, Maloy Kumar Sahu, V. Arul, Prashant Kumar, S. Raja,
T. Thangaradjou and L. Kannan
5.
The Dynamics of Gonad Growth and Ascorbate Status in Certain Commercially
Valued Marine and Freshwater Fishes of Orissa
A.K. Patra
v
xi
1–11
12–18
19–31
32–38
39–48
viii
6.
Effect of Feeding Dietary Protein Sources on Daily Excretion in Channa punctatus
for Sustainable Aquaculture
Meenakshi Jindal, S.K. Garg and N.K. Yadava
49–60
7.
Ornamental Fish Packing and Health Management
Sachin Satam and Balaji Chaudhari
61–70
8.
Brachyuran Crab Resources of the Little Andaman Islands, India
Maloy Kumar Sahu, M. Murugan, R. Balasubramanian, S. Ajmal Khan and L. Kannan
71–77
9.
Investigation on Tourism Effects of Macro Pollutants in the Beaches and
Mangrove Environment, Southeast Coast of India
K. Balaji, S. Sudhakar, P. Raja, G. Thirumaran and P. Anantharaman
10. A Comparison of Live Feed and Supplementary Feed for the Growth of Catfish Fry,
Clarias batrachus (Linn)
Meenakshi Jindal, N.K. Yadava and Manju Muwal
11. Culture of Indian Magur
M.M. Girkar, S.B. Satam and S.S. Todkari
78–87
88–96
97–106
12. Influence of Heavy Metals on Abundance of Cyanophyceae Members in Three
Spring-Fed Lake in Kempty, Dehradun
P.K. Bharti, D.S. Malik and Rashmi Yadav
107–111
13. Aquarium Keeping and Maintenance of Marine Ornamental Invertebrates
112–129
K. Balaji, G. Thirumaran, R. Arumugam, K.P. Kumaraguruvasagam
and P. Anantharaman
14. A Note on Water Quality in Aquarium
Indranil Ghosh
130–131
15. Water Borne Diseases
Deepa Dev
132–140
16. Studies on Aquatic Insects in Relation to Physico-chemical Parameters of
Anjani Reservoir in Sangli District of Maharashtra
141–147
S.A. Khabade and M.B. Mule
17. Studies on Groundwater Quality of Latur City in Maharashtra
M.V. Lokhande, K.G. Dande, S.V. Karadkhele, D.S. Rathod and V.S. Shembekar
18. Studies on Oxygen Levels and Temperature Fluctuation in Dhanegaon Reservoir
in Osmanabad District of Maharashtra
M.V. Lokhande, D.S. Rathod, V.S. Shembekar and K.G. Dande
148–151
150–157
ix
19. Diurnal Changes of Some Physico-Chemical Factors in Thodga Reservoir of Latur
District in Maharashtra
P.V. Patil and A.N. Kulkarni
158–162
20. Impact of Heavy Metals on Aquaculture and Fisheries: Its Determination in
Water, Sediment, Fish and Feed Samples
P.H. Sapkale, V.B. Mulye and R.K. Sadawarte
163–169
21. Effect of Dimethoate on Blood Sugar Level of Freshwater Fish,
Macronus vittatus
D.S. Rathod, M.V. Lokhande and V.S. Shembekar
170–173
Index
175–176
List of Contributors
Anantharaman, P.
Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Parangipettai – 608 502,
Tamil Nadu
Arul, V.
Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry University, Kalapet – 605 014, Pondicherry
Arumugam, R.
Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Parangipettai – 608 502,
Tamil Nadu
Arya, M.
Conservation Biology Unit, School of Studies in Zoology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior
Balaji, K.
Office of the Deputy Director of Fisheries and Fishermen Welfare, 6, Beach Road, Karaikal – 609 602,
Puducherry (UT)
Balasubramanian, R.
Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Parangipettai – 608 502,
Tamil Nadu
Bharti, P.K.
Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, Gurukula Kangri University, Hardwar – 249 404
Bidyalakshmi
Conservation Biology Unit, School of Studies in Zoology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior
Chaudhari, Balaji Sureshrao
Near Sheetal Hotel, Naldurg, Taluka-Tuljapur, District-Osmanabad, Maharashtra
xii
Dande, K.G.
Department of Zoology, Mahatma Basweshwar College, Latur – 413 512, Maharashtra
Devi, Kamala
Zoological Survey of India, Port Blair, Andaman & Nicobar
Garg, R.K.
Conservation Biology Unit, School of Studies in Zoology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior
Garg, S.K.
Department of Zoology and Aquaculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar – 125 004,
Haryana
Ghosh, Indranil
Lecturer, Aquaculture Department, WBUAFS, Kolkata, West Bengal
E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]
Girkar, M.M.
College of Fishery Science, Udgir, Dist. Latur, Maharashtra
Jindal, Meenakshi
Department of Zoology and Aquaculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar – 125 004,
Haryana
Kannan, L.
Thiruvalluvar University, Fort Campus, Vellore – 632 004, Tamil Nadu
Karadkhele, S.V.
Department of Zoology, Mahatma Basweshwar College, Latur – 413 512, Maharashtra
Khabade, S.A.
Department of Zoology, D.K.A.S.C. College, Ichalkaranji, Maharashtra
Khan, S. Ajmal
Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Parangipettai – 608 502,
Tamil Nadu
Kulkarni, A.N.
Department of Zoology and Fishery Science, Science College, Nanded, Maharashtra
Kumar, Prashant
Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry University, Kalapet – 605 014, Pondicherry
Kumaraguruvasagam, K.P.
Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Parangipettai – 608 502,
Tamil Nadu
Kushwah, K.
Conservation Biology Unit, School of Studies in Zoology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior
Lokhande, M.V.
Department of Zoology, Mahatma Basweshwar College, Latur – 413 512, Maharashtra
Malik, D.S.
Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, Gurukula Kangri University, Hardwar – 249 404
xiii
Mule, M.B.
Department of Environmental Science, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad
– 431 004, Maharashtra
Mulye, V.B.
College of Fisheries, Shirgaon, Ratnagiri – 415 629, Maharashtra
Murugan, M.
Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Parangipettai – 608 502,
Tamil Nadu
Muwal, Manju
Department of Zoology and Aquaculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar – 125 004,
Haryana
Patil, P.V.
P.G. Department of Zoology, K.S.K. College, Beed, Maharashtra
Patra, A.K.
Fisheries and Aquaculture Unit, Department of Zoology, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar
– 751 004, Orissa
Raja, P.
Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Parangipettai – 608 502,
Tamil Nadu
Raja, S.
Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Parangipettai – 608 502,
Tamil Nadu
Rao, R.J.
Conservation Biology Unit, School of Studies in Zoology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior
E-mail: [email protected]
Rathod, D.S.
Department of Zoology and Fishery Science, Rajarshi Shau College, Latur – 413 512, Maharashtra
Sadawarte, R.K.
College of Fisheries, Shirgaon, Ratnagiri – 415 629, Maharashtra
Sahu, Maloy Kumar
Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Parangipettai – 608 502,
Tamil Nadu
Sapkale, P.H.
College of Fisheries, Shirgaon, Ratnagiri – 415 629, Maharashtra
Satam, Sachin
MPEDA, Mumbai
Shembekar, V.S.
Department of Zoology and Fishery Science, Rajarshi Shau College, Latur – 413 512, Maharashtra
Singh, H.
Conservation Biology Unit, School of Studies in Zoology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior
xiv
Sivakumar, K.
Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Parangipettai – 608 502,
Tamil Nadu
Sudhakar, S.
Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Parangipettai – 608 502,
Tamil Nadu
Sureshrao, Chaudhari Balaji
Near Sheetal Hotel, Naldurg, Tq. Tuljapur, Dist. Osmanabad, Maharashtra State
Taigore, S.
Conservation Biology Unit, School of Studies in Zoology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior
Thangaradjou, T.
Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Parangipettai – 608 502,
Tamil Nadu
Thirumaran, G.
Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Parangipettai – 608 502,
Tamil Nadu
Todkari, S.S.
College of Fishery Science, Udgir, Dist. Latur, Maharashtra
Yadav, Rashmi
Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, Gurukula Kangri University, Hardwar – 249 404
Yadava, N.K.
Department of Zoology and Aquaculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar – 125 004,
Haryana
189
Dr. Vishwas Balasaheb Sakhare is working as Head of Post Graduate
and Research Department of Zoology, Yogeshwari Mahavidyalaya,
Ambajogai (Maharashtra). He obtained his M.Sc. in 1998 and Ph.D. in 2003.
He has completed Post Graduate Course in Inland Fisheries Development
and Administration from Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Salt Lake,
Kolkata, and has been working for the past ten years on reservoir fisheries
and limnology.
Dr. Sakhare has supervised a research project funded by University
Grants Commission, New Delhi and he is a recognized post graduate teacher
and research guide of Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University,
Aurangabad and Solapur University, Solapur. He has successfully organized
workshop on ‘Water Quality Assessment (Implications in Potability, Productivity and Pollution Control) ’.
He is executive editor of ‘Ecology and Fisheries’ and his publications includes some books like ‘Ecology
of Lakes and Reservoirs’, ‘Reservoirs Fisheries and Limnology’, ‘Applied Fisheries’, ‘Aquatic Ecology’, ‘Aquatic
Biology and Aquaculture’, ‘Reservoir Fisheries and Ecology: A Literary Survey’, and ‘Advances in Aquatic
Ecology Vols. 1 and 2’.
ABOUT THE BOOK
The present book is compendium of recent original research in the field of aquatic ecology. It is an
assemblage of up-to-date information of rapid advances and developments taking place in the field of
aquatic ecology.
The book is a unique compilation of 21 chapters which discusses exhaustive studies on
planktonology, physico-chemical environment, fisheries, toxicology, physiology etc. With its
application oriented and interdisciplinary approach, the book would be immensely useful to students,
teachers, researchers, scientists, policy makers, environmental lawyers and others interested in aquatic
ecology.
The chapters in the book have been contributed by eminent scientists/academicians active in the
areas of aquatic ecology.
Status of Biodiversity in Inland Wetlands of Gwalior-Chambal Region in Madhya Pradesh
Chapter 1
Status of Biodiversity in Inland
Wetlands of Gwalior-Chambal Region
in Madhya Pradesh
P R.J. Rao, R.K. Garg, S. Taigore, M. Arya, H. Singh,
Bidyalakshmi and K. Kushwah
ABSTRACT
The wetlands are highly productive areas with rich biodiversity, they serve as a spawning and
nursery ground for fishes, reptiles, birds, mammals etc. and hence can be used as an excellent area
for conservation of rare and endangered species. These wetlands can only be maintained if the
ecological processes of wetlands are allowed to continue functioning. Unfortunately, and in spite of
important progress made in recent decades, wetlands continue to be among the world’s most
threatened ecosystems, owing mainly to ongoing drainage, conversion, pollution, and overexploitation of their resources. To study and evolve remedial measures to the extent possible for
conservation of wetlands, various organisations have been conducting a variety of research and
planning, implementation and monitoring activities. Remote sensing technology is an important
tool in this assessment because of its ability to provide synoptic view of the earth which would not
be possible from the ground without exhaustive field surveys. Madhya Pradesh is very rich in
wetlands. Majority of the wetland area in Gwalior-Chambal region in North Madhya Pradesh is
under man-made category. The water reservoirs and village ponds apart from meeting the
requirement of water for agriculture, industry and drinking water also function as aquatic ecosystems. Surveys have been carried out to identify important wetlands in this region to assess the
biotic potential of the wetlands and for recommendations for conservation management of priority
wetlands.
2
Advances in Aquatic Ecology Volume 3
Introduction
The Indian wetland system has been very broadly classified into two major categories. They are
naturally occurring waterlogged areas including flood plains, rivers, lakes etc. and man-made wetlands,
including a large number of ponds, small lakes etc., which may be water filled for a variable duration
of time. During the past decades wetlands have received increasingly greater attention from the
viewpoint of their ecology as well as conservation. The wetlands are now considered to be distinct
ecosystems with specific ecological characteristics, functions and values.
Water resources support rich biodiversity. India is drained by numerous rivers, which are fairly
well spread. There are many wetlands available in different parts of the country. The freshwater in
these rivers and wetlands is amongst the most critical factors limiting urban growth and agriculture
development. At present time, wetlands in different areas are used for many purposes. The wetlands
are highly productive areas with rich biodiversity, they serve as a spawning and nursery ground for
fishes, birds etc. and hence can be used as an excellent area for conservation of rare and endangered
species.
The state of Madhya Pradesh straddles the central portion of India, covering an area of around
308,000 sq. km. and falls in two biogeographical zones, semi-arid and the Deccan peninsular. The
Madhya Pradesh has 9 national park and 25 wildlife sanctuaries and also has India’s largest riverine
Figure 1.1: Map of Madhya Pradesh, India Showing Districts Surveyed in
Northern Part of the State to Locate Important Wetlands