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Exam 2 Review :Rocks & Minerals
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List the five defining characteristics of a mineral
What is the difference between euhedral crystals and massive crystals?
How are minerals classified?
What are the main characteristics of silicate minerals? Know some examples.
What are the main characteristics of nonsilicatae minerals? Know some
examples.
How are silicate minerals classified?
Know the main characteristics and some examples of felsic minerals.
Know the main characteristics and some examples of mafic minerals.
What are some of the physical characteristics used to identify minerals?
o What is cleavage and why do some minerals have it?
What are some of the most common rock forming minerals?
What are igneous rocks?
What is the difference between magma and lava?
What is magma made of?
Why does the composition of magma vary?
How are igneous rocks classified?
What is the relationship between igneous rock texture and cooling rate?
Be able to describe all of the following igneous rock textures, the cooling rate
that they indicate, and where they commonly form:
o Glassy
o Vesicular
o Aphanitic
o Phaneritic
o Porphyritic
o Pegmatitic
Be able to describe the texture (extrusive or intrusive) and composition of
each of the following rock types:
o Rhyolite
o Andesite
o Basalt
o Granite
o Diorite
o Gabbro
o Peridotite
Describe the basic characteristics of the following extrusive igneous features:
o Pahoehoe lava
o Aa lava
o Cinder cones
Exam 2 Review :Rocks & Minerals
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o Composite volcanoes
o Shield volcanoes
o Rhyolite domes
What is weathering?
What is erosion?
o How does sediment change as it is transported?
What are some examples of physical weathering? What are the products of
physical weathering?
What does chemical weathering produce?
What are the main characteristics of sedimentary rocks?
o Where do they form?
Define the two types of sedimentary rocks. Be able to describe some
examples of each type (mudstone, sandstone, conglomerate, breccia,
limestone, rock salt, evaporites, biochemical sedimentary rocks).
Describe the process by which a clastic sedimentary rock forms.
o What is Lithification?
Know the terms used to describe the texture of a clastic sedimentary rock.
How does a chemical sedimentary rock form?
What is a metamorphic rock?
Describe the three types of metamorphism.
o Know the temperature and pressure conditions of each type.
o Know the plate tectonic setting of each type.
What are some of the chemical changes that happen during metamorphism?
o What is a polymorph?
What are some of the physical changes that happen during metamorphism?
Know the difference between foliated and nonfoliated metamorphic rocks.
Know some examples of each.
How are metamorphic rocks classified?
What are the protoliths of the common metamorphic rocks?