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LIFE SCIENCE CHAPTER 9 PLANTS SECTION 1 AN OVERVIEW OF PLANTS • AN IMPORTANT FOOD SOURCE • RANGE IN SIZE FROM MICROSCOPIC TO GIANT • MOST HAVE ROOTS OR ROOTLIKE STRUCTURES • ADAPTED TO NEARLY EVERY ENVIRONMENT • ALL NEED WATER PLANT CELLS • ALL PLANTS ARE MADE OF CELLS • HAVE CELL WALL, CELL MEMBRANE, NUCLEUS AND OTHER ORGANELLES • CONTAIN CHLOROPHYLL FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS • HAVE A CENTRAL VACUOLE FOR STORAGE OF FOOD AND WATER ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF PLANTS • FIRST LIVED IN WATER • FIRST WERE PROBABLY GREEN ALGAE (CYANOBACTERIA) FOR MAKING OWN FOOD AND OXYGEN FOSSIL RECORD • PLANT FOSSILS ARE RARE BECAUSE PLANTS ROT QUICKLY • OLDEST PLANT FOSSIL IS 420 MILLION YEARS OLD • CONE BEARING PLANTS ROSE 350 MILLION YEARS AGO • FLOWERING PLANTS DIDN’T EXIST TILL 120 MILLION YEARS AGO LIFE ON LAND • PLANTS BETTER SUITED TO LIFE ON LAND • CREATED MORE OXYGEN FOR ATMOSPHERE ADAPTATIONS TO LAND • PLANTS HAD TO ADAPT TO DRIER ENVIRONMENTS AND LESS WATER CONSUMPTION • DEVELOPED A CUTICLE TO HELP HOLD IN WATER • PLANTS DEVELOPED CELL WALLS WITH CELLULOSE TO HELP STRENGTHEN CELL WALL AND PROVIDE STRUCTURE AND SUPPORT OTHER CELL WALL STRUCTURES • DEVELOPED SUBSTANCES TO MAKE CELL WALL STRONGER (LIKE WOOD). • DEVELOPED STRUCTURES FOR CARRYING FOOD, WATER AND NUTRIENTS TO ALL CELLS REPRODUCTION • SOME HAVE WATER-RESISTANT SPORES - FERNS • SOME HAVE WATER-RESISTANT SEEDS IN CONES OR FLOWERS CLASSIFICATION OF PLANTS • VASCULAR – HAVE TUBELIKE STRUCTURES TO CARRY WATER, NUTRIENTS, ETC. THROUGHOUT THE PLANT • NONVASCULAR – NO TUBELIKE STRUCTURES NAMING PLANTS • LINNAUES DEVELOPED WAY TO CLASSIFY PLANTS – BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE – A TWO WORD SYSTEM OF IDENTIFICATION • EXAMPLE - PINUS VIRGINIAN (VIRGINIA PINE)
