Download Muscle Quick Facts

Muscle Quick Facts
“Courage is very important.
Like a muscle, it is strengthened by use.”
-Ruth Gordon
What causes muscle cramps?
• A muscle contracts with great intensity and stays
contracted, refusing to stretch or lengthen again.
• This is a change in the nervous impulse.
• Minerals such as __________________________
_______________________________play a key role in
the transmission of these signals.
• Imbalances of these minerals, as well as certain
hormones, fluids and chemicals can cause muscle
cramps.
• _____________________________________________
______________________________________________
Muscle Spasm
• A
_____________________________________
__ _________________________contraction.
• Feels like a tight knot.
• Occur in muscles that are overworked or
injured.
• Rest and time resolve most muscle spasms.
How many muscles does it take to smile and
frown?
• _____ to smile
• _____ to frown
What is the longest muscle in the body?
• ___________________
How many muscles are involved in chewing
food?
• Four pairs of muscles in the face are involved
in chewing (mastication).
• They are some of the strongest muscles of the
body.
How many muscles are in the fingers and
thumbs?
• _____________________________________
_____________________________________
_______________________________
• The ______________ that control
these_____________ are located in the hand
and forearm.
Which are the fastest muscles?
• _____________________________
• Allow your eyes to move.
Smallest Muscles?
•
•
•
•
____________________________
Found in the middle ear.
Thinner than a thread (0.05 inches) in length.
It activates the stirrup that sends vibrations
from the eardrum to the inner ear.
Largest Muscle?
The Muscular System
“Muscles come and go; flab lasts.”
-Bill Vaughan
Intro
• There are more than
__________muscles in
the human body
• Muscles are responsible
for our breathing and
eating
• The beating of our
hearts involved muscle
activity
Muscle tissue
 What is tissue?
◦ _______________________________________
_______________________________________
_________
 Muscle Tissue:
◦ Group of cells that ____________
during contraction which creates
tension and results in movement.
 muscle tissue can shorten by about
________ its resting length in response to
nerve, nerve-like or hormonal stimulation.
Types of Muscles
• There are three types of muscle in the human
body:
Types of Muscles
Types of Muscles
• Skeletal Muscle
– _____________________________
– Attach _______________, via Ligaments.
– Voluntary
• We have conscious control over these
muscles
• The brain tells them what to do
– “________________” or Striped Appearance
• Series of light and dark
• I bands = Light (Actin), A bands = Dark
(Myosin)
Cardiac Muscles (only in the heart)
• responsible for creating the action that pumps blood from the heart to the
rest of the body
• forms the heart’s thick wall (layers of interlacing cardiac muscle fibres)
• _________________________–they are not controlled consciously
• are directed to act by the autonomic nervous system –contract
spontaneously in association with special impulse-conducting muscle cells
_________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
• cardiac muscle is also _______________________________
• definitive junctions between cells (intercalated discs)
• a centrally located nuclei
Smooth Muscles
• ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
• centrally positioned nucleus, no cross striations
• found in walls of organs with hollow cavities (viscera) and serve to propel
material along the length of those cavities
– Including blood vessels, hair follicles, intestines
• contract more slowly than skeletal muscle tissue (sustained, rhythmic
contractions –menstrual contractions and stomach cramps)
• can remain contracted for longer periods of time
• __________________________– their spindle-shaped fibres are usually
arranged in dense sheets.
Tendons vs. Ligaments
Tendon: (skeletal movement)
• tough bands of connective tissue that join -________________________.
• Ligament:
– Attach _____________________
Properties of Muscle Fibres
• Irritability
• Contractibility
• Elasticity
• Extensibility
• Conductivity