Download embedded system and its applications

EMBEDDED SYSTEM AND
ITS APPLICATIONS
IINTEGRAL SOLUTIONS
OVERVIEW
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What is Embedded System?
Microprocessor Vs Microcontrollers
Applications of Embedded systems.
Microcontrollers from different vendors.
Development requirement.
Demo for a circuit design using
microcontroller and simulator.
• Discussion.
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What is Embedded system
• Embedded Systems
– Operations managed behind the scenes by a
microcontroller
• Microcontroller (MCU)
– An integrated electronic computing device that
includes three major components on a single chip
• Microprocessor (MPU)
• Memory
• I/O (Input/Output) ports
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Embedded System
General Block Diagram
Microcontroller
(uC)
sensor
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Output interfaces
sensor
Sensor conditioning
sensor
actuator
indicator
Microprocessors Vs
Microcontrollers
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• Microprocessor
– General purpose computer.
• Microcontroller
– System oriented computer.
– Single chip computer.
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Microprocessor-Based Systems
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MicroPROCESSOR
–
Basic
concept
CONTROL
ADDRESS
CPU
contains
CCU
ALU
data registers
and
pointer registers
BOOT
ROM
Used at
startup
Instruction
(program)
ROM
Data
RAM
Keyboard
Screen
UART
Transducers
Parallel
interface
etc
DATA
Microprocessor, by-itself, completely useless – must have external peripherals to
Interact with outside world
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Issues with external devices
• Many pins
– Mechanical failure rates increased
– Design time increased – routing issues
– Cost increased, board size increased
• Continually redesigning same thing
– Compatibility between parts
– Upgrade part
– Many similar options between different projects
• In Real-life -- Don’t need “100% flexibility”
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Microcontrollers
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Block Diagram
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MicroCONTROLLER – Basic concept
CONTROL
ADDRESS
BOOT
ROM
CPU
contains
CCU
ALU
data registers
and
pointer registers
Used at
startup
Instruction
(program)
ROM
Data
RAM
UART
Parallel
interface
Transducers
Etc
DATA
Microcontroller – put a limited amount of most commonly used resources
“inside” the chip – a “limited” amount is often “enough” for many applications
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MCU-Based Time
and Temperature System
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MCU-Based Systems
• Includes microprocessor, memory, I/O ports,
and support devices (such as timers) on a
single semiconductor chip
• Buses are generally not available to a system
designer
• I/O ports are generally multiplexed and can be
programmed to perform different functions
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Advantages of microCONTROLLER over
microPROCESSOR
• Pin count down
• Design time down, Board layout size down
• Upgrade path easier – matching between
peripherals for speed
• Cost down – bulk purchases
• Reliability up
• Common software / hardware design
environment available from manufacturer
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Applications of Embedded Systems
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Why Important?
• Embedded Inside:
– Automotive systems
– Airplanes
– Toys
– Medical Devices
– Furniture
• Billions of units
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Examples: Car Door
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Embedded Applications
• Networking, intelligent control
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ANTI-LOCK BRAKES
Master Cylinder
Assembly
Pressure
Valve
Dump/Vent Valve
Speed
Sensor
Anti Lock
Anti-Lock
Brake Module
12 V
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Examples: Refrigerator
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Sensing and actuation devices in embedded
applications
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Embedded Applications
Signal sensing/data acquisition – data processing & data storing
– actuation – data communication (networking)
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Examples: Electronic Ping-pong
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Examples: Derbot Autonomous Guided
Vehicle
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Embedded Applications
• Networking
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Embedded Systems
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Real Time Control
Must be able to respond
predictably and in a known
amount of time
Environment cannot wait for
microcontroller to respond.
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What is Real Time?
“A real time system is one in which the
correctness of the computations not only
depends upon the logical correctness of the
computation but also upon the time at which
the result is produced. If the timing
constraints of the system are not met, system
failure is said to have occurred.”
- Donald Gillies
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What is Real Time?
“Real time in operating systems:
The ability of the operating system to provide
a required level of service in a bounded
response time.”
- POSIX Standard 1003.1
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Hard vs. Soft Real Time
• Hard
– guaranteed worst-case response times
– absolutely, positively, first time every time
• Soft
– Kinda, sorta, usually
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Who are the Embedded OS players?
• Wind River Systems
– VxWorks
– pSOS
• QNX Software Systems
– QNX
• Green Hills Software
– Integrity
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Who are the Embedded OS players?
• Mentor Graphics
– VRTX
• Palm Computing
– PalmOS
• Symbian
– SymbianOS
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Microsoft
• Embedded NT/XP
– “Real-time” control
• Windows CE (CE.NET)
– Internet devices
• Pocket PC 2002
– Handheld PC’s and PDA’s
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Microcontroller Packaging and
Appearance
From left to right: PIC 12F508, PIC 16F84A, PIC
16C72, Motorola 68HC05B16, PIC 16F877,
Motorola 68000
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Common Microcontrollers
•Atmel
•ARM
•Intel
•8-bit
•8XC42
•MCS48
•MCS51
•8xC251
•16-bit
•MCS96
•MXS296
•National Semiconductor
•COP8
•Microchip
•12-bit instruction PIC
•14-bit instruction PIC
•PIC16F84
•16-bit instruction PIC
•NEC
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•Motorola
•8-bit
•68HC05
•68HC08
•68HC11
•16-bit
•68HC12
•68HC16
•32-bit
•683xx
•Texas Instruments
•TMS370
•MSP430
•Zilog
•Z8
•Z86E02
What you need
• PIC C/ASM Compiler
• PIC Programmer
• MPLAB IDE
http://www.ccsinfo.com/
• Free
http://www.microchip.com
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What is the Process ?
1.
Write you program
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2.
MPLAB
C or ASM
Insert your PIC
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Compile your program
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3.
4.
5.
CCS PCM
Power it Up
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Transfer your program
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Puts HEX file into the PIC
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Use PICSTART and MPLAB
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“Burns your app into the PIC”
6.
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Connect 9V Battery
Debug your program
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7.
Face pin 1 to resistor
Never works a the first time
Repeat step 1
Summary
• An embedded system is a product that has one or more computers
embedded within it, which exercise primarily a control function.
• The embedded computer is usually a microcontroller: a microprocessor
adapted for embedded control applications.
• Microcontrollers are designed according to accepted electronic and
computer principles, and are fundamentally made up of microprocessor
core, memory and peripherals.
• Microchip offers a wide range of microcontrollers, divided into a number
of different families. Each family has identical central architecture and
instruction set. However, common features also appear across all their
microcontrollers.
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