Download Rfid accessing system using arm processor

RFID ACCESSING SYSTEM USING
ARM PROCESSOR
By –
G. Rajesh (07811A0442)
G. Prudhvi Raju (07811A0443)
K. Sunil Varma (07811A0457)
E. Sandeep Kumar (07811A0432)
CONTENTS
 Embedded systems
 Microcontroller vs Microprocessor
 Microcontrollers for Embedded Systems
 ARM processor
 Features of ARM processor
 LPC2119/LPC2129
 Features of LPC2119/LPC2129
 Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)
 RFID Reader
 Power Supply
Advantages& Disadvantages
 Conclusion
 References
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
 We are living in the Embedded World. You are surrounded with
many embedded products and your daily life largely depends on
the proper functioning of these gadgets.
 Embedded controllers carryout a specific work for which they
are designed. Most of the time, engineers design these embedded
controllers with a specific goal in mind. So these controllers
cannot be used in any other place.
 Theoretically, an embedded controller is a combination of a
piece of microprocessor based hardware and the suitable
software to undertake a specific task.
MICROCONTROLLER VS MICROPROCESSOR
 Microprocessors contain no RAM, no ROM, and no I/O ports on the
chip itself. For this reason, they are commonly referred to as generalpurpose Microprocessors.
 A Microcontroller has a CPU (a microprocessor) in addition to a fixed
amount of RAM, ROM, I/O ports, and a timer all on a single chip. In
other words, the processor, the RAM, ROM, I/O ports and the timer are
all embedded together on one chip; therefore, the designer cannot add
any external memory, I/O ports, or timer to it.
MICROCONTROLLERS FOR EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
 An embedded system product uses a microprocessor (or
Microcontroller) to do one task only.
 In an Embedded system, there is only one application software
that is typically burned into ROM
 Each one of the output peripherals has a Microcontroller inside it
that performs only one task.
 For example, inside every mouse there is a Microcontroller to
perform the task of finding the mouse position and sending it to
the PC.
ARM PROCESSOR
 The ARM processor core is a key component of many successful
32-bit embedded systems.
 ARM cores are widely used in mobile phones, handheld
organizers, and a multitude of other everyday portable consumer
devices.
 Over one billion ARM processors had been shipped worldwide .
FEATURES OF ARM PROCESSOR
 The ARM processor, like all RISC processors, uses a load-store
architecture. This means it has two instruction types for transferring
data in and out of the processor.
 Since the ARM core is a 32-bit processor, most instructions treat
the registers as holding signed or unsigned 32-bit values.
 The ARM core uses the cpsr to monitor and control internal
operations. The cpsr is a dedicated 32-bit register and resides in the
register file.
 The processor mode determines which registers are active and
the access rights to the cpsr register itself.
 There are seven processor modes in total: six privileged modes
(abort, fast interrupt request, interrupt request, supervisor, system,
and undefined) and one nonprivileged mode (user).
 The state of the core determines which instruction set is being
executed. There are three instruction sets: ARM, Thumb, and Jazelle.
 The ARM instruction set is only active when the processor is in
ARM state.
 To execute Java bytecodes, you require the Jazelle technology plus
a specially modified version of the Java virtual machine
 Interrupt masks are used to stop specific interrupt requests from
interrupting the processor.
LPC2119/LPC2129
 The LPC2119/LPC2129 are based on a 16/32 bit ARM7TDMI-S™
CPU with real-time emulation and embedded trace support, together
with 128/256 kilobytes (kB) of embedded high speed flash memory.
 A 128-bit wide memory interface and a unique accelerator
architecture enable 32-bit code execution at maximum clock rate. For
critical code size applications, the alternative 16-bit Thumb® Mode
reduces code by more than 30 % with minimal performance penalty.
 With a wide range of additional serial communications interfaces,
they are also suited for communication gateways and protocol
converters as well as many other general-purpose applications.
FEATURES OF LPC2119/LPC2129
 16/32-bit ARM7TDMI-S microcontroller in a tiny LQFP64
package.
 16 kB on-chip Static RAM.
 128/256 kB on-chip Flash Program Memory. 128-bit wide
interface/accelerator enables high speed 60 MHz operation.
 In-System Programming (ISP) and In-Application Programming
(IAP) via on-chip boot-loader software. Flash programming takes
1 ms per 512 byte line. Single sector or full chip erase takes
400ms.
 Embedded ICE-RT interface enables breakpoints and watch
points. Interrupt service routines can continue to execute while
the foreground task is debugged with the on-chip RealMonitor™
software.
 Two 32-bit timers (with four capture and four compare
channels), PWM unit (six outputs), Real Time Clock and
Watchdog.
 Up to forty-six 5 V tolerant general purpose I/O pins. Up to
nine edge or level sensitive external interrupt pins available.
 On-chip crystal oscillator with an operating range of 1 MHz to
30MHz.
 Dual power supply:
• CPU operating voltage range of 1.65 V to 1.95 V (1.8 V 0.15 V).
• I/O power supply range of 3.0 V to 3.6 V (3.3 V - 10 %) with
5 V tolerant I/O pads.
LIQUID CRSYTAL DISPLAY
 The liquid crystal display driver circuit consists of 16 common signal
drivers and 40 segment signal drivers.
 When the character font and number of lines are selected by a program,
the required common signal drivers automatically output drive waveforms,
while the other common signal drivers continue to output non-selection
waveforms.
 The display contains two internal byte-wide registers, one for commands
(RS=0) and the second for characters to be displayed(RS=1).It also
contains a user-programmed RAM area (the character RAM) that can be
programmed to generate any desired character that can be formed using a
dot matrix
RFID READER
 The RFID Proximity OEM Reader Module has a built-in
antenna in minimized form factor.
 This LF reader module with an internal or an external
antenna facilitates communication with Read-Only
transponders—type UNIQUE or TK5530 via the air interface.
 Reads the Same Data in Tag (Last 8 Digits )
 Input Power Supply DC 12volts
 LED/Beeper indicates tag reading
operation
 Compact size and cost-effective
POWER SUPPLY DESIGN
Voltage Regulator is used to provide a constant
voltage.
 When the current in the regulator gets heated up so a
heat sink is used which reduces the heat and saves the
regulator from damage.
 Two diodes are used as a rectifier to convert
pulsating DC to constant DC.
ADVANTAGES
 Provides a security system which needs no manpower to look
after.
 Very less maintenance cost.
disadvantages
 Anyone can enter the secured room with a lost RFID card.
 High initial cost.
CONCLUSION
Security is a primary concern in our day-to-day life.
Everyone wants to be as much secure as possible.
An access control for doors forms a vital link in a
security chain. The RFID and Microcontroller based
security system can be adopted at various
applications and are very useful in providing an
excellent security system.
REFERENCES
 ‘The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded Systems’ by Muhammad
Ali Mazidi.
 ‘ARM system developer Guide’ by Andrew N. Sloss.
 www.atmel.com
 www.analogicgroup.com
 www.philips.com
 www.nxp.com
 www.gsmworld.com