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I N C O R P O R AT I N G
F I S H FA R M I N G T E C H N O L O G Y
Fish Farming
Technology
update
- Digestible energy
demands by fish
- EXPERT TOPIC
- Sea Bream
- A view on
aquaculture
development
in India
- Aquaculture UK
- Review
July | August 2016
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CONTENTS: JULY/AUGUST 2016 VOLUME 19 ISSUE 4
Publisher
Roger Gilbert
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Editor
Prof Simon Davies
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Associate Editor
Dr Albert Tacon
[email protected]
International Editors
Dr Kangsen Mai (Chinese edition)
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Prof Antonio Garza (Spanish edition)
[email protected]
Editorial Advisory Panel
• Prof Dr Abdel-Fattah M. El-Sayed
• Prof António Gouveia
• Prof Charles Bai
• Dr Colin Mair
• Dr Daniel Merrifield
• Dr Dominique Bureau
• Dr Elizabeth Sweetman
• Dr Kim Jauncey
• Dr Eric De Muylder
• Dr Pedro Encarnação
• Dr Mohammad R Hasan
Editorial team
Eloise Hillier-Richardson
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Peter Parker
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Malachi Stone
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Andrew Wilkinson
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Roy Palmer (Editor - Asia Pacific)
[email protected]
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19 Aquaculture Training
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36 Expert Topic - Sea Bream
56
Nigeria Marketing Team
Nathan Nwosu
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Design Manager
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Industry News
Industry Events
72 The Market Place
FEATURES
20Feed safety & sustainability assurance in
aqua culture
22Digestible energy demands by fish
26 In-situ cleaning of nets
28A view on aquaculture development in
India
74 The Aquafeed Interview
76
Industry Faces
FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY
42 A sustainable future
COLUMNS
4
7
9
Roy Palmer
Ioannis Zabetakis
Dr Alexandros Samartzis
46 Vibratory screening of Oysters
48 UV technology in aquaculture
52 Technology update
Professor Simon Davies
Croeso - welcome
I write this editorial from my hometown of Llanelli under a
cloudless blue sky and a beautiful warm summer’s day. It’s
a reminder of rising temperatures in Europe and the need to
be aware of the potentially lower oxygen levels in our fish
culture operations and the need for aeration and supporting
technologies to optimize conditions for very sensitive fish such
as trout.
The farming of rainbow trout is often featured in this magazine
and is globally an important fish actually my favorite by far
compared to salmon. The trout is such a versatile fish and
can be found throughout the UK having adapted to varying
conditions and is so underrated in many ways.
I was brought up to appreciate this species having fished my
river for wild brown trout with so many expeditions with my
father in my youth. Wild brown trout has a wonderful flavor
and excellent eating qualities with its white flesh and nutritious
value.
The rainbow trout for me is a tastier fish than farmed salmon
but we have some challenges to improve its image to the
consumer with respect to appeal as an easy but bony fish to
cook and serve. Sadly, so many trout farmers have closed
down their farms in the UK due to financial pressure and the
industry has diminished someway in the last decade compared
the boom years when fish farms were more abundant.
When I was first in my old institution in Plymouth there were
at least least five farms in close proximity to Plymouth in
Devon that supplied fish for my feeding trials. Now only two
farms with fingerling trout sources are available in the other
neighboring counties of Somerset and Dorset. It was getting
increasingly very difficult to obtain fish for studies and I am
sure this trend will continue to impede procuring of good
quality fish for research in the future.
The SW of England is more renowned for its shellfish farming
than finfish aquaculture so perhaps fate has allowed me
greater opportunities in new regions of the UK to restore an
aquaculture research base of international class as my final
legacy before I retire one day.
One thing about my new position at Harper Adams University
is my chance to read more and get into scientific papers in
depth. I also get to meet new contacts from industry and the
agri-tech sector that is becoming more interested in aquaculture
within the UK.
We need this to stimulate the concept of urban and city
aquaculture enterprises through the developments in RAS
(Recirculation Aquaculture Systems) and Aquaponics
installations. We see this happening in London and in Holland
with great potential to expand throughout the world. I would
hope to report on such aquaculture technologies in future here
with some excellent examples.
In the meantime our latest issue is packed as usual with
news features and topical reports varying from technical
developments to the more scientific level.
The summer issue of the magazine contains articles with a
much keener focus than usual on the world of fish farming
technology, as well as some fine reporting from the recent
Aquaculture UK show in Scotland.
As well as the event reporting, we also have our usual array of
contributions from our expert columnists as well.
Seabream is this edition’s species focus, with articles also
focusing on Digestable energy, micro-algae and water
disinfection with ultraviolet light. We also have a very
interesting article about AKVA’s new net cleaning ROV.
Continuing our fish farming technology theme, BOC’s Stefan
Dullstein is this month’s interviewee.
In the next issue I will have celebrated (If that’s the correct
term!) 30 years of continuous service in academia and achieved
so much with the help of so many over an extremely interesting
period of my life and more recently, unexpected challenges too.
It has been an interesting three decades having learned so much
about this dynamic and ever changing industry.
There is an ever-increasing amount of information to assimilate
and I am pleased that this magazine continues to play a leading
role and voice within its specialised field.
Professor Simon Davies
Evonik acquires Norel’s probiotics business
Evonik signed a purchase agreement on July 4, 2016, for acquisition of the probiotics business of the Spanish
company Norel, a global supplier of animal feed ingredients. The agreement sees Evonik acquiring Norel’s
probiotics product portfolio as well as the company’s site in León, Spain. The business will be integrated into
Evonik’s Animal Nutrition Business Line. The parties have agreed not to disclose details of the transaction.
Evonik is currently expanding its portfolio of sustainable and healthy solutions in the field of animal nutrition
and striving to provide innovative solutions for antibiotic-free livestock management.
Meet the team at up-coming international events
www.aquafeed.co.uk
Edinburgh International Conference Centre (EICC)
Edinburgh, Scotland
20-23 September, 2016
Organised by the European Aquaculture society with the cooperation
and support of Marine Scotland, part of the Scottish Government,
and The Marine Alliance for Science and Technology for Scotland
AE2016 Gold Sponsor
www.easonline.org
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News
Roy Palmer
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Largest event delivers for AWF in Indonesia
here have only been two WAS events in
Indonesia; the first was just after AwF had
started in 2005 in Bali, and the second was
the Asia Pacific Aquaculture (APA)2016
in Surabaya at the end of April.
The people flocked to Surabaya where
they provided 240 exhibition booths and eleven rooms
of conference over three crammed but exciting days at
Grand City complex in the centre of the large city. The
numbers may well have expected to be down a little on
usual because of the clash with the Seafood Expo Global
in Brussels but, primarily due to the local Indonesian
support, WAS saw record numbers exceeding 5,500
people attend.
Indonesia, of course has a rapidly expanding aquaculture
industry – nearly 20 percent increase in the last five years
in hectares in aquaculture production and over 50 percent
per year increase in tons produced every year for the last
10 years. For those visiting from EU, USA, Australia,
etc it was important to see the government and industry
partnership, which is obviously needed to maximise
aquaculture outcomes.
You need a formula of a government
In order for a country to achieve what Indonesia has over
these passed years you need a formula of a government
that sets the governance, infrastructure and incentives
to engage people in aquaculture coupled with industry
groups that grasp the opportunities and in the background
you need active service industries that supply education,
equipment, feed and all the other ingredients. You can
see in Indonesia that this is happening.
Of course you also need to be blessed with geographic
location and the Indonesia nation is made up of thousands
of volcanic islands, known for its natural beauty with
beaches, volcanoes and jungles sheltering elephants,
tigers and Komodo dragons. It is a great recipe.
WAS-APC put on a great show in Surabaya and along
with AwF importantly engaged the students in a terrific
session followed by a Students Reception which saw
many talented young people engage and give a glimpse
what could be to come for the burgeoning aquaculture
industry in the future.
An aquaculture competition, national dress competition,
cat-walk competition and a talent show ensured that
everyone had a great chance to ‘strut their stuff’ and
benefit from the prize money on hand.
In the conference student session AwF Directors Albert
Tacon and Roy Palmer gave their own unique stories of
how their careers evolved within the industry.
The AwF Session included sessions about AwF
activities, funding opportunities; women in aquaculture
and a number of talks by the WAS-APC students and
female aquaculture people who secured scholarships
to attend Asia Pacific Aquaculture 2016. Funding
for this opportunity was provided by WAS-APC, and
Aquaculture without Frontiers facilitated the process.
All of the presentations have been posted at http://www.
aquaculturewithoutfrontiers.org/education/slideshows/
AwF women’s network
Typically the women’s network session was an
interesting discussion and well led by Dr Janine
Pierce (soon to take over the Secretariat of the AwF
Indigenous Network) with great contributions from
WAS-APC Directors, May Myat Noe Lwin and Bibha
Kumari, with excellent presentations from Arlyn
Mandas, Vaishali Joshi, Renata Melon Barroso, Menaga
Meenakshisundaram and Nikoleta Ntalamagka.
The AwF Women’s Network is now over 550 people
strong thanks to its Secretariat, Julie Kimber, and we
expect that will now continue to grow as newly elected
AwF (USA) director, Sally Krueger, is going to take
special interest in this area.
Further on the Women’s Network the last two Women
of the Month have been Dr Shakuntala Haraksingh
Thilsted (May 2016) and Dr Doris Soto (June 2016).
Dr. Thilsted, Research Program Leader, Value
Chains and Nutrition at WorldFish, was awarded for
the exceptional contribution her work has made in
creating food-based systems to overcome micronutrient
deficiencies in low-income countries across Asia and
Africa. Dr. Soto, recently retired from FAO, has worked
tirelessly within a male dominated global government
organisation, not only promoting aquaculture but also
endeavoring to create a culture that is more conducive to
women’s involvement.
Along Doris’s journey she has built a solid reputation
for developing and increasing capacity and capability
enabling the advancement of food security for
disadvantaged people.
Nikoleta Ntalamagka spoke about her home county of
Greece and the issue of Syrian refugees and this created
much discussion about how we could all assist. Nikoleta
has also emerged as a leader of students and is helping
AwF establish the Students Network along with new
AwF (USA) board member, Professor Michael Lee.
Over 350 people joined the Students Network in the
first couple of weeks so this augers well for the future.
We were very pleased that Lian E.Heinhuis was able
to be a special guest presenter for AwF. Lian is an
Associate Analyst working specifically on Seafood and
works with Gorjan Nikolik senior industry analyst on
food and agribusiness for Rabobank International and
AwF Director.
Lian presented on the various Rabobank organisations
including Rabobank Foundation which pursues its
objectives by supporting cooperatives or memberbased organisations which offer an opportunity to save,
borrow or insure and has recently signed a contract
which is engaged in Indonesia.
4 | July | August 2016 - International Aquafeed
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AwF receives first Rabobank funding
The timing was excellent as AwF had just received
its first Rabobank funding which is going to assist with
the training of women in Vakkom, Kerala, India. We
anticipate that the project will get under way in July once
all of the contracts have been approved and signed. We
are very excited about this, as are our MoU partners,
Organic Life and the people of Vakkom.
We are also grateful to Dr Dinesh Kaippilly for his efforts
in linking the opportunity and we hope that this will be the
first of many such activities in the area.
Another AwF board member, Polly Legendre, is using her
skills to create a branding strategy for AwF. Developing a
long-term plan for the development of the brand to achieve
specific goals is something we have never attempted so
will be interesting to see what comes of this. On the
subject of strategies, DOS O’Sullivan, Australian director,
is working on improving and updating the Risk Strategy.
Aquaculture without Frontiers (UK) CIO has had its first
meeting in Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, UK and appointed
Clifford Spencer as Chairman – Clifford was recently
appointed Aquaculture Ambassador to New Partnership for
Africa’s Development (NEPAD) which is expected to be a
major driver of a new African strategy for the organisation.
The important difference with the UK to other AwF’s is
that the CIO is equally shared between AwF and Milling
for Life. Whilst ‘Aquaculture without Frontiers (UK)
CIO’ is the chosen common name we will be a charity
representing both aquaculture and milling. In this respect
the Objectives of the organisation are explicit.
The UK operation owes much to Simon Birks as he organised
all of the approvals through the government channels in the
UK. Simon spoke at some length at the meeting highlighting
the role of a Trustee of a CIO as well as the constitution;
specifically highlighting the objects of the CIO. The original,
Trustees, namely Roger Gilbert, Tuti Tan and Roy Palmer
appointed Clifford Spencer, Janice Spencer and Simon Birks
as Trustees. A Management Task Force led by Darren Parris
(UK) and Roy Palmer (International) was agreed.
Subsequently, José Villalón has agreed to join the
Trustees of the CIO in UK. José Villalón is Corporate
Sustainability Director at Nutreco, a company based in the
Netherlands committed to improving the sustainability of
the aquaculture sector. José is well known in the industry
as he joined World Wildlife Fund in 2007 and led its
aquaculture program for six years; managing the initiative
called the Aquaculture Dialogues which involved over
2,200 global stakeholders that created environmental/
social standards for 12-species of aquaculture commodity
products including salmon and shrimp. With WWF and
partners, José co-founded the independent Aquaculture
Stewardship Council (ASC) where he was the Chairman
of the Board for its initial four years. We look forward to
having José on board our exciting new UK operation and
learning from his vast experience.
@AwFComms
Roy Palmer is the Executive Director at
Aquaculture without Frontiers, Executive
Director at Association of International Seafood
Professionals and Chairman at Global Initiative
for Life & leadership through Seafood (GILLS)
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International Aquafeed - July | August 2016 | 5
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Sustainability in aquaculture:
Evonik turns salmon, shrimp, and more into vegetarians
E
vonik scientists’ long-term
intention is to turn salmon,
shrimp, and other marine
animals into vegetarians.
They are thus playing an important
role in protecting marine resources. To
that end, they are looking to replace
the fishmeal and fish oil produced
from wild-caught fish that is used in
feeds. Farmed fish play a key role in
providing healthy nutrition for the
world’s population.
“Thanks to modern fish farming
concepts and our amino-acid products,
it is already possible to achieve
significant reductions in the proportion
of fishmeal used in feeds. Now we’re
working on sustainable alternatives to
fish oil,” explains Christoph Kobler,
who heads the Sustainable Healthy
Nutrition Product Line at Evonik.
Evonik is one of the world’s leading
providers of amino acids and aminoacid derivatives for modern animal
nutrition. The company sees itself as
a technological leader in this field,
and is expanding its product portfolio
accordingly to encompass healthy and
sustainable animal nutrition.
According to estimates from the UN
Food and Agriculture Organisation
(FAO), some 147 million metric tons
of fish were consumed throughout the
world in 2014—over half of which
was the product of aquaculture. And
demand is rising: in order to be able
to feed the growing global population,
another 50 million metric tons will
be needed by 2030. Because the
oceans are already overfished and
the fish catches are stagnating, the
UN organisation believes that this
additional demand can only be met
through aquaculture.
Certain fish and crustaceans raised
on aquafarms—such as salmon, trout,
and black tiger shrimp—are actually
carnivores or omnivores. As such, feeds
for these animals include fishmeal.
Fishmeal contains important amino
acids that the animals need to grow.
Some three-quarters of the fishmeal
and fish oil produced worldwide
are channeled into aquaculture,
representing a major strain on marine
resources.
In order to turn salmon, shrimp, and
other aquatic species into vegetarians—
and protect the oceans in the process—
it is not enough to substitute fishmeal,
an animal source of protein, with soy
or another plant-based source. The
resulting feeds would not contain the
right composition or amount of amino
acids such as methionine to meet the
animals’ needs.
Because their ability to utilise their
food would then not be optimal, the
animals would have to consume more
protein overall and, as a result, would
excrete nitrogen-containing metabolites
unused. As a consequence, this would
waste scarce resources and pollute the
water with animal waste beyond what
is necessary.
Shrimp feed: Part of highly efficient,
sustainable nutrition for farmed shrimp,
AQUAVI® Met-Met minimises the use of
fishmeal in feeds and reduces marine
pollution. Shown here (montage): a
whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)
with a feed pellet.
Evonik researchers began looking for
a solution to this problem nearly ten
years ago, developing special amino
acids and amino acid derivatives
for fish and crustaceans aimed at
making fishmeal largely unnecessary
in aquaculture in the future. The
underlying principle is to selectively
add amino acids such as methionine
and lysine to vegetable-based feeds,
improving them to the point where
salmon and other marine animals
can make optimum use of vegetable
proteins as well.
The most important task here has
been to develop products tailored to
the needs of individual fish species.
Take salmon, for instance: In 2008, 40
percent of salmon feed was made up
of fishmeal, but this figure has since
come down to an average of just 10
to 15 percent. Feed manufacturers
are already working at full steam
6 | July | August 2016 - International Aquafeed
to introduce feed concepts that can
completely do without fishmeal.
Now, after intensive research, there
are plans to transfer this success to
shrimp. The challenge here is that
the feeding behaviour and digestive
systems of crustaceans like shrimp
are entirely different from those of
fish. Whereas salmon are predatory
fish that snatch up their food the
moment it enters the water, shrimp
eat their food very slowly from the
seabed. As a result, highly watersoluble components leach out of the
feed pellets before the shrimp can eat
them. In addition, the supplemented
methionine has to be present at a
certain time—right when amino acids
become available from the protein
digestion process.
Only Evonik researchers have
managed to develop an improved
source of methionine that shrimp can
consume and metabolise at the right
time and in the right amount. This new
dipeptide consists of two methionine
molecules and does not dissolve
readily in water, which prevents it from
leaching out of the feed as quickly.
The shrimps themselves have to
cleave the molecule, and this makes
the methionine available for protein
synthesis at the same time as the other
products of digestion. The company
is currently putting its first production
facility for the new product into
operation in Antwerp, Belgium.
The company’s researchers are now
working on replacing fish oil, the second
important animal product in fish feed.
“This would mean it would be
possible to entirely eliminate the use of
marine resources like fishmeal and fish
oil in the production of fish feed,” said
Mr Kobler.
Evonik is working with DSM
Nutritional Products Ltd. of
Kaiseraugst (Switzerland) to develop
an algae-based omega-3 fatty acid
product for use in animal feeds. Like
people, animals also need a certain
amount of this essential, long-chained
polyunsaturated fatty acid in their food
in order to sustain healthy growth. In
aquaculture, this nutrient has largely
come from the fish oil contained
in feeds. DSM and Evonik intend
to use sustainable biotechnological
methods to harness marine algae in the
production of omega-3 fatty acids.
Do you want more industry
news?
Our columnists have a keen eye for the
most interesting, relevant and (let’s face it)
bizarre aquaculture stories from across the
world.
Each weekday we scour the internet
for top-notch news and package it for
your perusal in one neat daily digest.
http://theaquaculturists.blogspot.co.uk
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he Marlborough District Council and
the Ministry for Primary Industries will
establish a Marlborough Sounds Salmon
Working Group to consider options to implement
the Best Management Practice Guidelines for
Salmon Farming in the Marlborough Sounds
(the guidelines). Other agencies that will have
input into the process include the Department
of Conservation and the Ministry for the
Environment.
The working group will meet starting in July and
provide recommendations to Marlborough District
Council and the Government on implementing the
guidelines.
Ministry for Primary Industries Deputy
Director General Ben Dalton said the public, the
council, government and industry have shown a
commitment to implement the guidelines.
“These guidelines were developed by local and
central government, industry and scientists in 2014
to set out recommendations for sustainable salmon
farming in the Sounds.
“The next step is to work with iwi, the
community and industry to look at options for
salmon farming in the Marlborough Sounds so
that the best environmental, social and economic
outcomes are being realised,” he said.
Working group membership is currently being
finalised. It will include representation from
Marlborough District Council, Ministry for
Primary Industries, key community and interest
groups, iwi and New Zealand King Salmon.
Marlborough Mayor Alistair Sowman welcomed
the constructive approach being taken by all
parties in the search for solutions.
“The best practice guidelines were aimed
at meeting the needs of the community and
continuing to be a world leader in sustainable
aquaculture. It’s vital we work alongside each
other to ensure those guidelines can be met,” said
Mr Sowman.
The working group’s recommendations will not
be binding, but will inform future planning work
for both the Marlborough District Council and
central government.
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New Zealand: Marlborough
Sounds Salmon Working
Group to be established
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News
Ioannis Zabetakis
Dietary interventions vs Statins
n 1952, the first informal explorative pilot studies on human diets
took place in Italy, Japan, Spain and South Africa and those first
data have been used in the experimental designing of the first
phase (1958-1983) of the “Seven Countries Study” (SCS). The
SCS suggested an association between serum cholesterol and
cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).
However, this association was not consistent across the various cohorts
of participants in different countries. The link was very clear in US
and Northern European cohorts but it was rather weak in Southern
European and Japanese cohorts. Nevertheless, the SCS triggered research
into cholesterol-lowering drug strategies, ultimately leading to the
development of statins amongst others.
The clinical evidence in support of statins is strong but statins aim
to lower serum LDL-cholesterol whereas the SCS has shown that
people with high serum cholesterol do not necessarily face increased
cardiovascular risk!
So, today, the vast majority of the medical community advocate
(unfortunately!) these drugs as highly effective first-line therapeutics
in primary and secondary prevention of CVDs without considering the
human’s diet habits or blood data (i.e. if they follow the Mediterranean
diet guidelines or what are the blood levels of HDL-cholesterol – the
good cholesterol).
There is constantly growing evidence of side-effects associated with
statins in a significant proportion of patients suggesting that these drugs
are not a universal solution to CVDs! We need, therefore, to revisit
the evidence and to re-appraise the relative importance of cholesterol
amongst many other lipids as potential modulators of atherogenesis.
Do all people need statins or actually statins make things worse?
What are the relative merits of statin therapy?
How can dietary interventions that impact on lipids other than
cholesterol, including omega-3 fatty acids and polar lipid fractions of
various foods (e.g. fish), help in our attempt to decrease cardiovascular
risk?
We suggest that careful design around the lipid components of dietary
interventions presents a credible alternative in patients who are intolerant
to statins or averse to taking such drugs.
Further reading
The Seven Countries Study - www.sevencountriesstudy.com
Lipids and cardiovascular disease: where does dietary intervention sit
alongside statin therapy?
Food Funct., 2016,7, 2603-2614
DOI: 10.1039/C6FO00024J
http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2016/fo/
c6fo00024j#!divAbstract
[email protected]
@yanzabet
After an Academic career spanning 12 years in the Univ.
of Athens, Ioannis joined University of Limerick (UL) as a
Lecturer on Food Lipids where the ongoing focus of his work
will be towards the cardioprotective properties of food lipids
with particular emphasis on dairy and aquaculture products.
International Aquafeed - July | August 2016 | 7
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Pictured: CEO of BioMar, Carlos Diaz
BioMar launches
global strategy
T
he BioMar Group launched
on June 1, 2016 a new global
strategy “Shaping the Future”.
The strategy will reinforce BioMar’s
position as a locally responsive, agile,
and specialised aquaculture feed
provider.
Earlier this year BioMar launched a
renewed purpose statement “We are
innovators dedicated to an efficient
and sustainable global aquaculture”
and a new corporate theme “Let’s
Innovate Aquaculture”. Now follows
a new corporate strategy. “It has been
important for us to create a strategy
built on our corporate DNA and in
particular on the four pillars supporting
our purpose statement: Innovation,
Performance, Sustainability, and
Cooperation”, explains the CEO of
BioMar Carlos Diaz.
Carlos Diaz underlines that it is
the perfect time for launching a
new strategy: “We have seen strong
financial results in the last couple of
years; we have achieved many of our
strategic goals; and both we and our
owners Schouw & Co. are willing and
capable to invest further to continue
the success.”
The new strategy targets a 6 percent
EBIT level combined with a 50 percent
increase in BioMar volumes over
the next five years coming from both
organic growth and acquisitions.
The development of the new
strategy has to a large extent involved
stakeholders from within and outside
BioMar: “We have in particular
listened carefully to our customers.
It has been crucial for us to both
address their present areas of concern
and create a strategy that fits with
their future plans. Closeness and
cooperation with our customers is
fundamental for our and their success.
One of our new initiatives is that we
want to exploit and develop our agility
and flexibility further to the benefit of
our customers.”
A first step in the strategy is
strengthening some of the core
functions in BioMar. “We have a very
lean, agile, and locally responsive
organisation. However, in order to
secure future growth we want to
further enhance our global innovation
capability, some of our corporate
support functions, and in general our
capacity to enter new markets and feed
more species”, explains Carlos Diaz.
As one of the first initiatives BioMar
will adjust the operating model and
establish three market divisions;
Salmon, Emerging Markets, and
EMEA.
“Our new Salmon Division will
comprise all current salmon markets.
We target to improve efficiency and
integration between these markets
and not least to reinforce our R&D
efforts in a specie, which accounts for
the major share of our turnover, and
which at the same time is extremely
important for the development of new
solutions for the whole aquaculture
industry.”
The new Emerging Markets Division
will in the beginning be small, in
terms of turnover, but Carlos Diaz sees
this new division as one of the most
important initiatives to secure growth
for BioMar: “We are currently building
a plant in China and we see great
opportunities in China, in other Asian
markets, and in Latin America. To
really tap into these opportunities we
need to have a stronger coordination
and link between business units and
more implementation power.”
BioMar’s third market division will
be the EMEA Division, covering
Continental Europe, the Middle East,
and Africa. It is the continuation of
BioMar’s previous Continental Europe
market region. “This week production
is starting in our new plant in Turkey,
we have seen major improvements in
the situation in Greece, and the region
has in general performed well. With
the new steps we want to consolidate
and strengthen our market position in
this important area”, concludes Carlos
Diaz.
New executive structure
The BioMar Group presents a new
executive team in continuation of the
launch of their new corporate strategy,
‘Shaping the Future’.
The new Executive Committee will
consist of Carlos Diaz, CEO, Mogens
Stentebjerg, CFO, and three Vice
Presidents: Jan Sverre Røsstad, Ole
Christensen, and Henrik Aarestrup.
“I am very confident that the new team
will enable us to strengthen our position
as a locally responsive, agile, and
specialised aquaculture feed provider. It
will consist of highly skilled executives
with a strong management background,
a solid understanding of the aquaculture
business, and complementary profiles,
Carlos Diaz says.
Carlos Diaz will during an interim
8 | July | August 2016 - International Aquafeed
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News
Dr Alexandros Samartzis
Importance of specialty feed additives in modern aquaculture
Left to right: Ning Pascual, Technical
Manager for Nutrition, Santeh Feeds
Corporation - Peter Parker, from
International Aquafeed's New Zealand
office, - Feliana Widjaja, Marketing
Manager at Evonik (SEA) Pte Ltd - Dr
Alexandros Samartzis, Aquaculture
Technical Sales Manager for Evonik (SEA)
Pte Ltd and Norielyn D.Fajilan, Philippines
Business Development Manager, Evonik
Industries AG
period personally take the lead of
the Salmon Division, however Jan
Sverre Røsstad, BioMar’s current
Vice President for the North Sea
region will immediately become
more involved in BioMar’s
Chilean operations in order to start
creating a stronger link between
BioMar’s two largest market areas
in Chile and around the North Sea.
Ole Christensen will head the
new EMEA Division, which
will succeed BioMar’s current
Continental Europe region where
he was also at the helm. Previous
to that Ole Christensen headed
R&D for BioMar Continental
Europe and he has a very broad
experience covering all aspects of
the feed business from sourcing
and product development to
commercial management.
Henrik Aarestrup will move from
the position as Global Marketing
Director for BioMar to the position
as Vice President for BioMar’s
Emerging Markets Division.
Henrik Aarestrup has, besides his
function at the head of marketing,
been deeply involved in the
development of business plans
and strategies for several BioMar
companies around the world.
With a strong knowledge of
the entire BioMar organisation
combined with a long experience
in international management his
role will be to link the emerging
markets to the rest of the
organisation.
Mogens Stentebjerg, BioMar’s
long-time CFO, continues in the
Executive Committee.
here are three 303
different species cultured
in the aquaculture in
contrast to the whole
livestock industry where
the number of cultured
animal species is only eighteen. Out of
the total three hundred and three, there are
two hundred and ten finfish species and
thirty crustacean species farmed. Each
individual species has different culture
conditions and biological needs as well
as nutritional requirements and feeding
behaviours.
As a result, the amount of research and
customised applications for each one
in aquaculture is multiple compared to
livestock. In addition to the vast variation
among aquatic species (from crustacean
to marine carnivorous fish and fresh water
filter feeder fish), the aquatic environment
where the species live contribute to an
even bigger challenges to the farmers and
feed manufacturers.
A typical example is the shrimp industry,
where the animals have slow feeding
behaviour. Being external masticators
they nibble their feed patiently which
results in a prolonged residence time of
the feed pellets in the water.
Consequently the nutrients that are
present in the feeds are being leached out
of the pellets or dissolved in the water. This
is considered as one for the main issues of
the industry because the consumed and
utilised nutrient intake does not meet the
intended levels provided from the feed to
meet the species requirements.
Such imbalanced diets that do not meet
the species requirements can negatively
affect the growth performance of the
shrimp as well as many other parameters,
depending on the deficient nutrients.
In addition, the leaching of nutrients
including nitrogen compounds like
supplemental amino acids, can negatively
impact the water quality, leading to
eutrophication with an undesirable impact
to the environment.
A recent advance in that area is the
newly launched methionine source which
is the first dipeptide (DL-Methionyl-DLMethionine) specially designed for the
shrimp industry and the unique feeding
behaviour as well as digestive system
of crustacean. As methionine is in most
cases the first limiting amino acid, this
product’s specialisation aimed to address
the particular challenges previously
described.
The main characteristic features of the
dipeptide are the mixture of four different
Met stereoisomers (DL-Met-Met, LDMet-Met, DD-Met-Met and LL-MetMet) and the significantly reduced water
solubility. As a result, the clear benefits
of the product to the industry are a more
sustain release, as the four different
stereoisomers are gradually digested in
the gut of the shrimp and a lower leaching
of the supplemented methionine from the
pellets, compared to the other commercial
methionine sources available in the market.
With more tangible application, this novel
methionine dipeptide can replace (as is
about 200 percent more efficient) the
most widely used commercial methionine
source, DL-Methionine for Aquaculture,
while supplementing with half the amount
the shrimp maintain the same growth
performance.
Over the years solutions customised
to individual species needs came from
various disciplines of the value chain
of aquaculture production. Significant
improvements on the feed manufacturing
and processing, farming practices, genetic
selection, health solutions and of course
nutrition, contributed to the growth of
the industry and made it a more viable,
attractive and profitable sector.
The way forward is investing on
understanding the needs/challenges
of each species and emphasising on
apply this knowledge and technological
advances to specialised solutions to help
the growth of each specific industry,
sustainably.
International Aquafeed - July | August 2016 | 9
Dr. Alexandros Samartzis, is the
Aquaculture Technical Sales
Manager for Evonik (SEA) Pte.
Ltd., based in Singapore. He
holds an MRes and PhD in fish
nutrition from the University
of Plymouth, UK. Also he has
an MBA from the Agricultural
University of Athens, GR.
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Innovative approach
to ultrasound could
increase salmon
harvest volumes
T
he Scottish Aquaculture
Innovation Centre (SAIC) has
launched the first of its Rapid
Response projects with an initiative
that will explore the potential of
a novel approach to ultrasound
to delouse farmed salmon and,
ultimately, increase harvest volumes.
The six-month project brings
together industry partner Pulcea
with academic partners from the
University of Dundee and the Institute
of Aquaculture at the University of
Stirling to research the efficacy of
ultrasound in targeting and dislodging
naturally occurring sea lice in a noninvasive and non-harmful way.
Says Heather Jones, CEO of the
Scottish Aquaculture Innovation
Centre (SAIC): “This innovative
new project is precisely the kind of
initiative that our Rapid Response
scheme was set up to support. It
is small-scale at this stage but, if
successful, could have a significant
positive impact on the aquaculture
industry not just in Scotland but
around the world.”
Awarded grant funding of
UK£39,467 by SAIC, the project
seeks to quickly determine the ability
of ultrasound to delouse salmon in a
way that neither harms the host fish
nor the environment.
Explains Dr Paul Campbell, Reader
of Physics at University of Dundee:
“We’re taking a technique that’s
Nutreco acquires South African
premix and feed additive
company Advit
N
utreco has entered into an agreement to acquire
Advit, a South African premix and feed additive
company. Advit is headquartered in Johannesburg
and produces a wide range of premixes, farm minerals
and animal health products. Trouw Nutrition, Nutreco’s
animal nutrition business, entered a strategic alliance with
Advit in 2015. The acquisition is subject to regulatory
proven successful in human medicine
and we’re carefully re-engineering
it to explore its effectiveness in
advancing fish health.”
If the preliminary results are
positive, the industry-academia
partnership intends to upscale the
ultrasound-based treatment to a
comprehensive marine engineering
solution with global reach.
Maximising harvest volumes is just
one of the anticipated outcomes of the
project. Comments Ian Armstrong,
Managing Director of Pulcea: “As
we progress further into our research,
we hope to make a number of other
discoveries that will benefit fish health
and welfare. These, in turn, could
help to unlock the industry’s growth
potential and deliver real economic
benefit to Scottish aquaculture and
beyond.”
approval and is expected to close in the second half of
2016.
South Africa is the largest and most advanced animal
nutrition market in Africa. Advit has a solid market
position for all livestock species. It operates country-wide
and also exports to neighbouring countries.
Nutreco entered Africa in 2001 by acquiring a share of
the Egyptian company Hendrix Misr, which came under
full ownership in 2013 and was renamed Skretting Egypt.
Nutreco increased its presence in 2014 through a fish feed
joint venture in Nigeria. Earlier this year it announced a
fish feed joint venture in Zambia.
10 | July | August 2016 - International Aquafeed
A COCKTAIL OF TECHNOLOGIES
Af-Shr-AP-16.05-EN • Avalone
The information provided in this document is at the best of our knowledge, true and accurate. However, products must only be used in compliance with local laws and regulations and we cannot guarantee freedom of use for every intended application or country.
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• Aquasaf® Early for higher resistance in postlarvae and juveniles,
• Aquasaf® Yield for higher performance in grow out.
Aquasaf® enhances health and growth, combining benefits of selected live yeast and yeast fractions
of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
phileo-lesaffre.com
LESAFFRE ANIMAL CARE
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Anpario builds global presence
and commercial infrastructure
Thailand. Richard’s multilingual skills mean that Anpario
can work much more closely with their distributors and
end users across the region.
uilding on recent successes, such as the Queen’s
Award for Enterprise – International Trade, Anpario
are strengthening and reinforcing their commercial
infrastructure and global presence with the appointment of
several Regional Commercial Directors and plan to open
more regional offices.
Latin America Commercial Director – David
Dinhani
B
Recent new appointments
European Regional Sales Manager - Hayley
Agnew
Hayley Agnew joined Anpario in
mid-2015 in the role of European
Regional Sales Manager. Hayley is
responsible for managing sales, the
sales team and distributors across
Anpario within Europe – including
the UK and Ireland.
Hayley previously worked for
Alltech as Technical Sales Manager,
as well as Promar, where she was involved in a number of
face to face farmer and business customer roles, having
been an on farm consultant and development advisor.
Hayley’s extensive experience has allowed her to hit the
ground running, building and driving her own team across
Europe to support Anpario’s long-term strategy.
Asian Commercial Director – Dr Richard Chong
Dr Richard Chong joined the
Anpario team in March 2016.
Richard is heading up the
company’s Asian sales office based
in Kuala Lumpur and is leading
their sales effort in the region.
The engagement of Richard by
Anpario is part of the company’s
plan to provide improved local service to their regional
partners and customers, spearheading their sales effort and
promotion of best in class gut health products.
Richard has significant sales, technical and commercial
experience, having previously worked for Alltech, Gold
Coin and more recently Anitox, where he was Commercial
Director for Asia. He has a successful track record of
leading teams and developing markets such as China and
B
Sea lice resistance breakthrough
enchmark Animal Health have
shared the latest findings from
their research into breaking
sea lice resistance.
'Salmosan® Vet All-in-One’* is
a treatment program utilising the
synergy between low salinity water
(~1-3ppt) and Salmosan® Vet to
achieve maximum efficacy against
sea lice with minimal stress on the
fish by reducing the time spent in a
low salinity water treatment. The
program can be used to treat all stages
David has joined Anpario in
the role of Regional Commercial
Director for the Latin America
Region. David is multilingual and
has significant sales, technical and
commercial experience having
successfully established Lohmann
Animal Health’s vitamin and
nutritional additives division for South America. David
has previously worked for Ajinomoto, Kemin, BASF and
Anpario’s distributor M Cassab, a number of years ago.
David has a Master’s Degree in Animal Nutrition from
the Universidade Federal de Lavras, Minas Gerias as well
as an MBA in Agribusiness from FEA USP, Sao Paulo.
From Anpario’s Sao Paulo office he will be responsible
for all the company’s trading and product brands and
distributors which make up the Latin American region.
His commercial experience in the key markets in the
region will bring invaluable leadership and vision in
implementing Anpario’s ambitions to significantly grow
their sales in Latin America.
MEA Commercial Manager and MEA office (to
open in Dubai) - Zouhair Chadlaoui
Zouhair Chadlaoui MBA joined
Anpario most recently, on 15 May
2016. Zouhair is heading up the
company’s Middle East and Africa
sales effort.
Anpario has opened a regional sales
office in Dubai as a central point for
their sales effort in the Middle East
and Africa.
Zouhair is a business executive with cross-functional
managerial experience including sales, business
development and marketing. He has 9 years’ experience in
the feed industry, including positions in Provimi MENA
(The Netherlands), Nutriforce LTD (Belgium) and Timab
based in Dubai.
Zouhair’s multilingual skills, expertise and experience,
teamed with his bi-cultural background, make Zouhair an
invaluable addition to the global Anpario team.
of multi-resistant sea lice, with field
trials demonstrating treatment efficacy
up to 100 percent.
Work to date has demonstrated the
optimum regime is a bath treatment
consisting of 3 hours in low salinity
water, with Salmosan® Vet added
for the final 60 minutes (ie, a total
treatment time of 3 hours). It is crucial
for producers to adhere to these
treatment times and the label indicated
dose. Shorter treatment times or lower
dosage will result in reduced efficacy
Extremely positive results have
been achieved with this program
and Benchmark’s technical support
team have gained some valuable
experience regarding water quality
parameters (eg, oxygen, carbon
dioxide and ammonia). It is vital that
these are managed properly and extra
vigilance is needed when holding
fish for extended treatment periods.
Benchmark would encourage all
producers to discuss this with them
before deploying it on their farms.
* Patent pending. A patent has been
applied for after positive legal review.
12 | July | August 2016 - International Aquafeed
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n 2015 Nutreco reported higher financial results with
net revenues of €5.7 billion (2014: €5.3 billion) and
an operating result of €282 million (2014: €236
million). Results improved in all of Nutreco’s segments:
Animal Nutrition, Aquafeed and Nutreco Iberia.
Nutreco made steady progress against its sustainability
objectives. It further strengthened its supply chain
through supplier audits, and embedded sustainability key
performance indicators into its business reporting model.
The 2015 annual review was drafted according to the fourth
generation of the Global Reporting Initiative guidelines.
“2015 was in many ways a special year for Nutreco.
The financial results were very good across all of our
businesses. This confirms that we are increasingly
successful in translating our R&D and innovation
capabilities into sustainable nutritional solutions valued
by our customers. With the acquisition of US-based trace
mineral producer Micronutrients we realised the thirdlargest acquisition in our history, making Nutreco the
category leader in a specific feed additive segment,” said
Knut Nesse, CEO of Nutreco.
“In June we organised our 8th AgriVision conference
in the Netherlands, with close to 400 participants
from over 40 countries. But perhaps the most
visible event was the delisting of Nutreco from
the Amsterdam stock exchange as a result of the
take-over by SHV. We opened a new chapter for
Nutreco as a private company, while continuing our
‘Driving sustainable growth’ strategy with the full
support of our new shareholder.”
GRI 4
The 2015 review is Nutreco’s first annual review that
has been drafted according to the fourth generation of
the Sustainability Reporting Guidelines, as developed by
the Global Reporting Initiative. This confirms Nutreco´s
continued commitment to reporting and transparency as a
private company.
The full 2015 Annual Review is available online.
www.nutreco.com/annualreview
6
S
eagriculture - the 5th International conference on
macroalgae takes place September 27-28 in
on-topic plenary
Aveiro, Portugal. Participate as a delegate,
sessions
present your research in a poster presentation or your
product on a table top.
knowledgea- More information and registration on the website
ble
www.seagriculture.eu, or contact Suzanne Kroeze of
DLG Benelux: [email protected]
speakers
What to expect?
The good financial performance in all of
Nutreco’s three segments was mainly the result of a
more favourable product mix and the contribution
of Nutreco’s acquisitions in Brazil, as well as
positive currency effects.
Animal Nutrition, primarily trading under the
Trouw Nutrition company brand, performed well
despite difficult market circumstances in the global
swine and dairy sectors. The increased focus on
global products improved the performance of the
Selko feed additives brand.
In Aquafeed, trading under the Skretting company
brand, the salmon feed business performed strongly
in 2015, and maintained its position as global
market leader, although there is still overcapacity
in the main Norwegian market. In shrimp feed,
Ecuador reported strong organic growth.
Nutreco’s Iberian business performed well on
the back of a recovering Spanish economy. Nanta,
a producer of compound feed, reported growing
volumes to third-parties, while Sada, which
specialises in poultry meat, benefited from good
performance during the high (summer) season.
News
total of 42 suppliers. All new direct suppliers signed-off
their commitment to comply with Nutreco’s Supplier Code
of Conduct.
Good progress was achieved in strengthening and
embedding into the quarterly reporting cycle measuring,
monitoring and controls around sustainability key
performance indicators, such as CO2, water, waste, energy
use and lost time incidents.
In order to ensure that Nutreco’s sustainability vision
2020 is realised and sustainability targets are achieved,
the internal Nuterra Standard was developed with
115 compliance criteria for all of Nutreco’s operating
companies. This tool assists local managers on identifying
where their operations are situated with respect to
Nutreco’s Vision 2020 targets and where they can focus
their sustainability activities to ensure reaching the
company’s sustainability goals by year 2020.
Nutreco reports higher
results and good progress on
sustainability
Results
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20
3
options for
Wednesday
side-visits
And more!
Tabletops prePoster
presenta- senting products
tions & Roundtable & companies
Gourmet dinner
prepared by chef
Joe Best
Session topics
1. Seaweed biology
2. Legislation and
certification
3. Economics of seaweed
farming
4. The technology behind
seaweed farming
5. High-end purposes
6. Large scale production
Partners
Sustainability
In 2015 Nutreco further strengthened the
sustainability of their supply chain by auditing a
International Aquafeed - July | August 2016 | 13
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The DTG2 ROV
The DTG2 is operated by a hand-held controller
Aqua-Cage Fisheries uses Deep
Trekker DTG2 ROV in rainbow
trout farming operations
A
qua-Cage Fisheries is an aquaculture farm in Parry
Sound, Ontario that produces rainbow trout for
the food market. They receive fingerlings from a
hatchery in Southern Ontario, grow the fish in the open
waters of Georgian Bay and harvest them for a processor
that ships to major grocery stores. Aqua-Cage produces
environmentally sustainable, high quality fish for the
consumer, while bringing in a profit.
Last year, Aqua-cage Fisheries acquired a Deep Trekker
remotely operated vehicle (ROV) to perform a multitude of
jobs around the farm.
Deep Trekker Inc. manufactures completely portable
ROVs for underwater inspection purposes in a number of
industries. Due to the complete portability, robust design
and ease-of-use that Deep Trekker products offer, the
aquaculture industry has become the perfect place for the
ROVs to operate. Having a tool that farm managers and
employees can easily deploy below the surface in less than
a minute for inspection and routine tasks has brought about
numerous benefits to farms around the globe.
Aqua-Cage Fisheries has been using their Deep Trekker
DTG2 ROV for the past year to accomplish subsurface
inspections from a safe top-side environment, to inspect
the nets for holes, to monitor fish behaviour and health,
to inspect mooring lines and anchors, and to check cage
depths to ensure they are not touching the lakebed.
Aqua-Cage Fisheries does not employ commercial
divers to perform underwater inspection work. The ROV
performs the necessary tasks while eliminating all of the
risks associated with sending a person into the water.
“Before Deep Trekker we had another company’s unit…
two units in fact. We needed two because while one was
away for necessary repairs/maintenance, we could not
afford downtime and a second unit was essential to get
us through that month or two (hoping it didn’t develop
issues as well). We’ve only needed one Deep Trekker
even though it is less expensive than the other company’s
submersible,” Kana Upton from Aqua-Cage Fisheries
explained when asked about how they went about
performing tasks before they had a Deep Trekker ROV.
When asked to comment further on the difference
between their current Deep Trekker DTG2 ROV and their
previous units, Aqua-Cage Fisheries explained that the fact
that the DTG2 has batteries housed within the submersible
unit is a major plus for them. They state that it cuts down
the set-up time and reduces the equipment required to run
the unit.
“With the other units we had, I would need to bring an
inverter/generator, fuel, a TV (as the screen was too small),
an extension cord, the unit’s box, the controller box, and
all necessary connection cables. With the Deep Trekker I
wheel one box around. The unit requires maybe 20 seconds
to get in the water. The best part for me is not having the
constant sounds and exhaust fumes from the inverter. The
Deep Trekker is completely silent topside. Plus it’s fast in
the water! Really fast!” says Kana.
The fact that Deep Trekker ROVs are entirely portable
is widely appreciated in the aquaculture industry. Even
though farms may be quite large in size, the DTG2 ROV
is the perfect option for performing multiple underwater
inspections at several locations. Deep Trekker’s on-board
batteries completely eliminate the risk of generator fuel
leaks and spillage that can be detrimental to any farm.
Deep Trekker also offers a number of add-ons and
accessories that can improve the unit to suit specific jobs
and tasks. Aqua-Cage Fisheries recently upgraded their
ROV to include a side facing auxiliary camera that will
make net inspections with the ROV even easier.
“I can’t say enough about the customer service we
have received. Having the owner of the company make
visits to demo, and again to try out new features has
been invaluable. They work diligently to solve industry
problems and come up with effective solutions. Deep
Trekker is an obvious addition to any underwater work.
It’s cheaper, safer and often more functional than divers,
and it’s cheaper, more dependable, better service and more
functional than the competitor,” said Kana and Gord Cole,
co-owner of Aqua-Cage Fisheries.
Aqua-Cage Fisheries will continue to utilise their DTG2
ROV to perform all sub-surface inspections on the farm
and monitor the fish stock.
http://www.deeptrekker.com/
14 | July | August 2016 - International Aquafeed
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Malaysian Department of Fisheries and
WorldFish establish new research committee
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News
GIFT broodstock fry to DoF, which
were used to produce 60 million fry,
before distributing to fish farmers for
Centre, in Kedah, Malaysia, to run
grow out. In January 2016, 15,000
n 14 June the Malaysian
research activities and to serve
broodstock were provided and another
Department of Fisheries
as a nucleus breeding centre for
30,000 will be delivered this year. It
(DoF) and WorldFish
Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia
is estimated that nine million fry will
signed an agreement establishing
(GIFT), the fast-growing strain of
be produced and distributed by end of
the Technical Committee on
tilapia developed by WorldFish.
2016. WorldFish continues to provide
Research Collaboration to promote
WorldFish plans to expand research
technical advice and guidance to assist
the sustainable development of
into developing new genetic
DoF to achieve its target.
aquaculture and fisheries in Malaysia.
characteristics, such as disease
WorldFish Director General, Nigel
The agreement formalises the
resistance.
Preston: “The committee provides
existing collaboration between DoF
Since 2015, DoF has been upgrading a practical platform for DoF and
and WorldFish, which began when
WorldFish to collaborate on a range of
WorldFish established its headquarters the Jitra centre with new facilities
mutually beneficial research projects.
and improved bio-security to enable
in Penang, Malaysia, in 2000.
It will greatly strengthen our existing
Currently, there are five projects listed expansion of the GIFT program. The
partnership with DoF.”
first phase of upgrading involved
under this collaboration:
The Director General of Fisheries
the development of two stand-alone
• GIFT tilapia production and
Malaysia, YBhg Datuk Haji Ismail bin
dissemination in Malaysia
incubation rooms, The department
Abu Hassan: “This partnership will
• Socio-economic evaluation of
also plans to increase the total ponds
help DoF and WorldFish exchange
GIFT tilapia related to value chain for Worldfish genetic research and
constructive views, to further
analysis
improve water quality management at
deepen and strengthen cooperation
• Genetic improvement of red tilapia the centre. In view of this planning,
in aquaculture and fisheries in
(molecular approach)
In return, WorldFish is helping DoF
riculture, Inc.
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Ad Campaign | Theme:
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to increase
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• Improvement
of Trawlbase
The research committee will meet
tilapia
in Malaysia.
Current
• Aquafeed
Genetic enhancement
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t: International
Product Showcase
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| Dimensions:
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twice a year to discuss a broad range
freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium tilapia production is 34,500 metric
of issues in relation to the cooperation
tons; by 2020, DoF aims to increase
rosenbergii)
programs as well as to deliberate and
production to 60,000 metric tons. In
WorldFish collaborates with DoF
decide on new project proposals. .
2015, WorldFish provided 13,000
at the Jitra Aquaculture Extension
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International Aquafeed - July | August 2016 | 15
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Court of Appeals orders Sernapesca to
provide information about antibiotics used
in the salmon farming industry
O
n Tuesday, the Court of
Appeals of Santiago accepted
the claim submitted by
marine conservation organisation
Oceana, and ordered the National
Fisheries and Aquaculture Service
of Chile (Sernapesca) to publish
the information –disaggregated by
company– requested by Oceana,
concerning antibiotic use by the
salmon industry in Chile in 2014. This
claim was filed after 37 companies,
and subsequently Sernapesca and the
Council for Transparency, refused
to disclose such data on the grounds
of “competitive and business risk”
for the companies. The Court’s
ruling qualifies as “illegal” the prior
resolution issued by the Council for
Transparency.
“We welcome this extensive 38page resolution whereby the Court of
Appeals questions the inexplicable
determinations by the Council for
Transparency, Sernapesca and 37
salmon farming companies to refuse
to disclose public interest information
such as the amount of antibiotics used
by each company, even though six
companies agreed to the request. We
expect for this categorical ruling to set
a precedent, that salmon farms comply
with it and that once and for all, the
use of antibiotics in Chilean salmon
farming can be made transparent”,
said Liesbeth van der Meer, interim
executive director of Oceana.
The resolution by the Court of
Appeals states that “this Court cannot
but notice the fact that the Council
for Transparency decides to keep
certain secret niches within a system
where publicity is the rule and secrecy
the exception; and this regarding
certain data of the companies of the
said industry –which are under the
control of state agencies to which
they should submit all such data and
background information required
for their adequate enforcement–
particularly considering that these
companies produce fish for human
consumption, upon which not only
the aforementioned control is required
–specifically by Sernapesca– but
also, as valid and as relevant, social
control, so that citizens are able to
know how the species they purchase
and consume have been produced.”
Furthermore, the ruling states that
“the information required [by Oceana]
strongly compromises public interest
and therefore, its disclosure should
prevail over any other interest by
companies refusing such disclosure.”
This ruling follows the information
request made in 2015 by Oceana
concerning disaggregated data on
antimicrobials used by salmon farms
in 2014.
There is a simultaneous
constitutional unenforceability
Increased demand for QRILL™
products worldwide
A
ccording to the company’s latest Annual Report,
2015 was considered a historic year for Aker
BioMarine, the leading supplier of krill-derived
products to the consumer health and wellness and animal
nutrition markets.
Aker BioMarine generated USD 105 million in revenue
in 2015, which yielded an EBITDA of USD 25.7 million.
QRILL™ Aqua, the Antarctic krill meal used in feeds for
shrimp, marine fish and salmonids grew in revenues from
USD 39.2 million in 2014 to USD 44.9 million in 2015.
Since 2012, QRILL™ Aqua revenues have grown by 105
percent.
Sustainable harvest has been at the core of how Aker
BioMarine conducts business. In 2015, Aker BioMarine
was recognised several times for its sustainability
achievements:
requirement filed before the
Constitutional Court filed by
Multiexport and other 22 salmon
companies aimed at preventing the
disclosure of information on antibiotic
use broken-down by company
between 2009 and 2013.
This battle began in July 2014
when Oceana submitted a complaint
before the Council for Transparency,
after Sernapesca refused to reveal
the amount and type of antibiotics
used by 58 salmon farms operating in
Chile. This, following the resistance
by 50 salmon farms on the grounds
that they would face “competitive and
business risk” if they disclosed the
required information. At the time, the
Council for Transparency also ruled to
the benefit of the salmon companies,
stating that Sernapesca was not
required to disclose disaggregated
figures except in special cases.
Subsequently, the Court of
Appeals of Santiago accepted the
claim filed by Oceana; however,
Multiexport submitted a constitutional
unenforceability complaint which
has still not been addressed by the
Constitutional Court.
“We expect this ruling to become
a precedent for the other ongoing
proceeding. We make a call to the
Constitutional Court to reject the
unenforceability requirement filed
by the salmon farms, putting an
end to this lack of transparency and
giving citizens something as basic as
access to public interest information
directly related to health and the
environment”, concluded van der
Meer.
• In 2015, Aker BioMarine strengthened its partnership
with the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF-Australia)
to bring it closer to activities in the Southern Ocean
• Aker BioMarine, along with several NGOs established
the Antarctic Wildlife Research Fund (AWR) to
facilitate and promote more research on the Antarctic
ecosystem
• The Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) renewed Aker
BioMarine’s sustainable krill harvesting certification
for another five-year period (2015-2020)
• The Sustainable Fisheries Partnership (SFP) gave Aker
BioMarine’s fishery an ‘A’ rating in the 2015 Reduction
Fisheries Sustainability Overview
• Nutrition Business Journal’s January 2015 edition
featured Aker BioMarine as the winner of its Business
Achievement Award in the category of Sustainability,
making it the first omega-3 company to receive this
award
"Wellbeing of our oceans and planet and to ensure the
future of our business,” Mr Nordrum says.
16 | July | August 2016 - International Aquafeed
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Europe´s most modern salmon
feed plant
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News
F
ollowing its success with huge orders from earlier,
GRAINTEC has secured a large design and supply
order for a new fish feed factory. The company Marine
Harvest Scotland Ltd. is going to build Europe´s most
modern salmon feed plant - a high technology factory on the
Isle of Skye, where Denmark-based Graintec A/S stands for
the project design.
The new factory is going to produce 170,000 tons a year.
With a total contract value of about 33,5 million Euro, the
project is the second largest order in Graintec’s history.
High technology is going to play a central role and with the
current trend for sustainability and organic food, the factory
will meet many different demands. Fish feed for different
sized salmon can be produced (both starter and grower fish)
and there will be organic feed production. The technology
that is implemented by Graintec will include a new solution
for grinding and will focus on energy recovery, which is one
of the areas the Danish company with subsidiaries on several
continents has specialised in.
“We are world leaders with regard to the production process
of salmon food, meaning that there is a 67 percent chance
that the salmon you buy in the store has been fed with food
from a production plant where Graintec in one way or other
has been involved in”, says CEO Niels Pedersen. “We did it
again, and look forward to extend our good collaboration and
the works on the Kyleakin project”, he says proudly, referring
to 2012, where Graintec received its biggest design order, a
feed factory for the Norwegian Marine Harvest ASA with a
contract sum of about 36 million Euro.
Graintec has specialised in eco-friendly production
facilities for extruded fish feed and pet food. The company
executes projects, designs and installs production plants,
and acts further as consultants in the field. Efficiency and
responsibility for the environment, as well as hygiene and
research within the field are key matters for Graintec. Due
to a focused and customer-oriented approach, Graintec
has been able to triple the yearly turnover to an average 39
million Euro over a three-year period.
The state-of-the-art feed plant placed in Kyleakin, on the
Scottish Isle of Skye, is going to produce feed for Scotland
and other Marine Harvest sites in the North Atlantic region.
Further development on the site is depending on the coming
construction permits. Planning permission is expected later this
year and commercial production will start in summer 2018.
ADDITIVES FOR AQUACULTURE SOLUTIONS
NUTRACEUTICALS AND PHYTOBIOTICS
FOR AQUACULTURE
Growth promoters
Anti-parasites
Attractants
Hepatoprotectors
Antioxidants
Detoxifiers
Chelated minerals
5th International Seaweed
Conference
The charming and historical coastal city of Aveiro (the
‘Portuguese Venice,’) will be the territory for the 5th edition of the
internationally recognised platform Seagriculture.
The two-day conference program combines plenary sessions
with interactive poster presentations, networking lunches, a superb
algae-inspired dinner, a mini trade show, debate sessions, and an
excursion to explore local seaweed cultivation initiatives.
For more information on the conference, the organisers, pictures,
contact details of speakers for interviews, applications for press
passes and barter deals, contact Suzanne Kroeze of DLG Benelux
on [email protected].
www.seagriculture.eu
C/ San Romualdo 12-14 • 28037 Madrid (Spain)
+34 902 15 77 11 • +34 91 725 08 00
[email protected] • www.liptosa.com
International Aquafeed - July | August 2016 | 17
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OTAQ – A SealFENCE system is installed in a site near Portree
Underwater Acoustic Innovation
wins top prize at Scottish Edge
Awards
O
TAQ, a company designing and manufacturing
technology for the global fish farming industry, has
been announced as one of the biggest winners of
the Scottish Edge awards, with a prize of UK£100,000.
The competition, aimed at identifying and supporting
Scotland’s up-and-coming, innovative and entrepreneurial
talent invited OTAQ to pitch at the finals of the event in
Edinburgh this week where over UK£1.27million in grants
and loans was awarded.
The Oban based firm scooped UK£100,000 after
Commercial Director Chris Hyde led the firm’s pitch
on their launch product, an innovative deterrent system
called SealFENCE which uses unique underwater acoustic
technology to prevent seals from attacking marine fish
farming sites.
Seal and sea lion attacks currently cost the fish farming
industry over US$1 billion dollars a year worldwide as
seals attack marine salmon farms for food, especially in
the winter months. OTAQ’s innovative system provide a
solution to the growing problem.
From 239 original applicants, just 22 of Scotland’s
most promising entrepreneurs were invited to pitch their
businesses to an expert panel of judges in order to win up
to UK£100,000 each in grant funding and loans. Just 15 of
the start-up and growth stage businesses were successful
with only OTAQ and two others awarded the full amount
applied for.
Chris Hyde, commercial director, OTAQ, said: “This
award is going to make a major difference to our company
and will mean that we can accelerate our export plans
significantly, introduce our product to more markets and
recruit more staff this year.
“Our company vision is to become world leaders in
aquaculture technology and specifically in acoustic
products such as predator control and monitoring systems.
Our key area of expertise lies within underwater acoustics
and sonar and we intend to build a reputation as experts in
this field within our industry.
Evelyn McDonald, CEO of Scottish EDGE, remarked on
OTAQ’s achievement:
“We’re absolutely delighted to be able to support OTAQ
as part of our eighth competition round. Our panel of
expert judges were impressed with the high standard of
Chris’ pitch and see great potential in OTAQ’s product. We
look forward to supporting the business as they develop
and to welcoming them into our network of high-profile
alumni.”
Sir Tom Hunter, renowned Scottish entrepreneur and
philanthropist, said: “100 percent of the net new jobs in
the UK will come from businesses less than five years
old – the winners at Scottish Edge are the job creators of
today… We need to invest in them and nurture them in
any way we can to build our economy and to provide the
quality jobs our people deserve. We need to build a far
greater pipeline of high growth businesses if Scotland is
to succeed, Scottish Edge is one critical element of that
pipeline and I commend all the entrants – not winners yet
– and the winners for their commitment to building great
entrepreneurial businesses.”
Chris Hyde of OTAQ, added: “The entire Scottish Edge
experience has been invaluable. The process and feedback
from the judges has really makes us focus on our business
and how best to communicate what it does; this has put us
in very strong position for achieving our vision.”
18 | July | August 2016 - International Aquafeed
Chris Hyde
from OTAQ
is presented
their award by
Sir Tom Hunter
Masters
courses in
aquaculture at
Harper Adams
University
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MRes (Masters in Research) MSc (Masters by taught
courses and project)
Harper Adams University in England are proud to offer
unique opportunities for post graduate training in aquaculture
with a focus on fish nutrition, feed technology, fish health
management and welfare, business and marketing leading to
the award of Masters.
Based in beautiful rural England, within a first class campus
setting you will experience academic excellence in selected
multi-disciplinary subjects underpinning the aquaculture
sector with experts in the
field and links with key
industries and stake-holders.
You will be supported by a
strong academic team in the
key specialised areas in a
format comprising intensive
short modules delivered on a
one week block.
Harper Adams is uniquely
positioned due to its long
history of the agri-tech
sciences and terrestrial
animal production (poultry,
pigs and ruminants) and related food sciences that can
provide new innovative approaches to similar issues in fish
culture systems.
Students will gain from the latest developments in the science
and technology of this rapidly expanding sector of agribusiness on a local, national, European and global scale.
The programmes are run over a one year period and we have
now received Advanced Training Partnership’s with associated
institutions to promote modules on fish health and disease as
well as nutrition and feed technology. The modules and course
would appeal to graduates in marine biology, fisheries &
aquatic sciences and environmental biology.
Animal nutrition, production and veterinary biosciences
students as well as veterinarians would advance their
knowledge and skills in aquaculture. There are considerable
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AQUACULTURE TRAINING
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Image: The Bamford library at Harper Adams
opportunities for jobs in aquaculture where increasingly
training with experience is required and a Masters is also a
natural progression to higher degrees such as a PhD.
A major component is the project element that spans about 5
months for the typically taught MSc course and ~7 months for the
M.Res Masters encompassing research training and the project as
the main focus for the programme.
The Masters programmes have been fully validated
academically and endorsed by industry and can be taken on
a part-time basis as well as full-time. With agreement, many
Image: The main building at Harper Adams University
students may undertake the project at locations within the
UK or abroad in specialist facilities or at their work place if
feasible.
Harper Adams University has excellent science laboratories
and is currently developing new fish holding facilities for
research and training on campus. The university was recently
awarded the status of ‘University of the Year’ in Britain by
students nationally.
Enquiries for enrolment and tuition costs can be made to:
Heather Hogan, Taught Postgraduate officer
[email protected]
International Aquafeed - July | August 2016 | 19
FEATURE
I
by Johan Den Hartog, Managing Director of GMP+ International
n the last decade, the aquaculture industry has
grown exponentially; with this growth is expected
to continue. Consumers appreciate this growth
because of the positive connotations that go along
with eating fish.
Because of the healthy image of fish and other
aquatic produce, it is important to assure the safety
of the aquatic animal products. Water quality
certainly has an impact, but also the quality of
aquafeed. A proper control of the safety of aqua feed can add
value to the quality of the aquatic animal products.
Feed safety risks can have a direct influence on the performance
of aqua culture and indirectly on the access of (new) markets of
aquatic produce worldwide.
In this article, we give an overview of possible feed safety
risks and the way of control them in a transparent way and
according international standards. We make also remarks about
sustainability aspects of aqua feeds.
Feed safety hazards
Practice tells us that feed ingredients can be contaminated with
chemical and physical substances, as well as biological agents. It
can depend on the ingredients used and the origin and production
processes of these ingredients and the aqua feed as such.
Chemical hazards may occur through natural chemicals (such
as mycotoxins), industrial and environmental contaminants (like
heavy metals, dioxins, and PCB’s) and residues of veterinary
drugs, pesticides, and radionuclides. Physical hazards are foreign
objects like pieces of glass, metal, plastic, or wood. Biological
hazards are contaminants such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and
parasites.
In aquaculture, too much contamination could influence the
growth performance of the aquatic animals, thus increasing the
feed conversion, whilst also inducing disease resistance; which
in turn results in biological changes. These are all consequences
with an economic impact.
More importantly however, contaminants transferred from feed
into the aquatic animal can also have a negative impact on the
safety of the aquatic animal products for the consumers and on
the health image of it.
It is clear that safe aqua feed is essential for aqua culture, not
only for a profitable production of the aquatic animal products,
but also for for the sake of undisturbed and continued sales into
the market; especially export markets. Moreover the consumers
expect a healthy product.
To get safe aqua feed, a proper feed safety control by means
of an adequate assurance system is a precondition. If such an
assurance system is applied demonstrably, it will add value to the
aquatic animal products definitively.
Essential elements in a feed safety assurance system
For the application of proper feed safety control, a series of risk
mitigation measures should be put in place to achieve the best
possible result.
First of all, it is necessary to implement a proper prerequisite
program. It is about maintenance of buildings and machinery,
training of employees, hygiene and cleaning program, pest
control, etc. This all creates a basic level of control of possible
hazards in the production process.
Secondly, HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control
Points) is a tool to identify specific hazards, which could become
risks in the production process, remained after application of the
prerequisites.
This will result in identifying the real risks in the production
process and in taking proper control measures, as well as
monitoring of the effectiveness of these control measures. Any
change in the production process should be implemented after
renewing the hazard analysis for identifying new risks and
adjusting control measures.
Additionally to HACCP, a proper quality management system
ensures the consistent application of the defined control measures
and verification procedures.
GMP+ Feed Safety Assurance
The control measures previously mentioned are well known
elements in many quality systems. They are all integrated in the
20 | July | August 2016 - International Aquafeed
FEATURE
GMP+ Feed Safety Assurance (FSA) certification. Based on
longstanding practical experiences of many participants collected
in the past 25 years, GMP+ International added some other
essential elements into the GMP+ FSA certification scheme:
chain approach, traceability, and early warning.
Practical experiences show that often the source of
contamination in the feed sector occurs in the supply chain. In
the past, some cases resulted in delivery of huge amounts of
contaminated feed ingredients downstream, resulting in much
media attention and high cost for removal. Therefore, in 1999
was decided to extend the scope of the GMP+ FSA certification
to the whole supply chain.
Chain approach is a basic principle in the GMP+ certification
scheme and it means that all companies in the supply chain take
their responsibility regarding the control of the feed safety of
the products they deliver or services they provide. It is the most
effective approach to mitigate emerging risks in the chain as
early as possible instead of an uncontrollable end-of-pipeline
approach. Only in some cases, a gatekeeper option is allowed
for the producers of pre-mixtures and mixed feed. GMP+ Feed
Certification scheme is unique in the world about this chain
approach principle and therefore appreciated by many mixed feed
producers.
All measures mentioned before are focused on avoiding
preventive to avoid contamination of feed products put on the
market, so preventive. Traceability and EWS are corrective
measures to trace back contaminated feed products is delivered
into the market. It enables tracing back to find the source of the
contaminated lot(s) and if possible to find out the cause, what
which can contribute to improved control in the supply chain in
the future.
Traceability also enables also tracing forward to trace customers
who received (possibly) contaminated lots in order to block these
lots and avoids further distribution of the contaminated feed.
Practise shows that this approach is very effective and avoids
incidents at a larger scale with image and financial damages.
Finally, EWS is an extra safety net. In case a GMP+ FSA
certified company exceeds the maximum permitted level of a
contaminant in feed products, he is obliged to notify GMP+
International. When other companies can be confronted with
the same contamination in purchased feed materials, GMP+
International will send a EWS message to all GMP+ FSA
certified companies in order to alert them. This contributes to
minimize the impact of contaminated lots of feed product on the
market.
Participation in GMP+ FSA certification
Currently, over 15,100 companies / locations are GMP+ FSA
certified, located in almost 80 countries all over the world. All
kind of companies are involved: collection, trade, producers and
processors of feed materials, transports, charters, producers of
additives, pre-mixtures and compound feed, including aqua feed.
In this respect, GMP+ FSA certification is leading globally.
This global presence and acceptance of GMP+ FSA is a real
opportunity for the aqua culture to add value to its aquatic animal
products, when it should be produced by aqua feed produced
under GMP+ FSA certification.
Aqua feed sustainability
There is a growing interest for sustainability issues, besides
food safety, in the production of aquatic produces. Evidently,
the attention for sustainability of aqua feed is growing. That
is not limited to the production of aqua feed as such, but also
about the used ingredients in aqua feed. It is about social and
Figure 1: EWS* notifications by feed product
Source: GMP+ International
* EWS = Early Warning System
environmental issues.
Social issues are for instance fair payment of employees,
proper working conditions and reasonable working hours.
Environmental issues are for instance about responsible fish
catch (for production of fishmeal), responsible production of
soy (Avoiding deforestation of the Amazon forest) and palm oil
(ecological diversification).
A real advance for GMP+ FSA certified producers of aqua
feed is that certification of sustainability issues easily can be
combined. End 2014, GMP+ International introduced the GMP+
Feed Responsibility Assurance module. The structure and
principles are the same as of the GMP+ Feed Safety Assurance
module. In this way, GMP+ International offers a ‘one stop shop
– multiple certification’ solution to feed companies, saving a lot
of money.
Another advantage is that it covers the whole feed supply
chain (chain of custody), so it links the demand in livestock and
aqua farming with the primary production (cultivation, marine
sourcing, mining, etc.) of the ingredients. A third advantage is
the international coverage the GMP+ certification scheme, with a
strong international network and involvement of stakeholders.
The current focus of GMP+ FRA is the use of responsible soy
for the production of dairy feed, pig and poultry feed. GMP+
International is considering to extend the scope of GMP+ FRA
to more feed ingredients (upstream) as well as to aqua feeds
(downstream). These extension will be developed in close
cooperation with and consultation of market initiatives in the
animal production and in alignment with running initiatives in the
aquatic sector.
International Aquafeed - July | August 2016 | 21
FEATURE
Fueling
the
fire
within
DIGESTIBLE ENERGY DEMANDS BY FISH
D
by, Professor Brett Glencross, Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling
ietary energy intake is the factor
that largely dictates the dietary
concentrations required for all
essential nutrients (Figure 1). The
energy density of the feed has been
shown to directly influence the
amount of feed consumed across
a wide range of species (Dumas et
al., 2010; Glencross et al., 2008).
With more energy dense diets, a reduction in the amount of food
eaten is usually observed and this has direct implications on the
concentration of essential nutrients required in any daily intake
to satisfy daily nutrient demands and as such the animal’s growth
demands. Because of this link between energy and intake it also
has the clear effect of being a key factor in influencing the feed
conversion ratio (feed/gain) of fish to which those diets are fed
(Figure 2).
The energetic content of the three macro-nutrient classes;
protein (23.6 kJ/g), lipids (38.5 kJ/g) and carbohydrates (17.3
kJ/g) is the source of this dietary energy, although the capacity
of different fish species to utilise each of these nutrients varies
according to trophic level (Enes et al., 2009; Saravanan et al.,
2012; Schrama et al., 2012; Glencross et al., 2014). In species
like tilapia, dietary energy demands can be met through the
metabolism of dietary protein and lipid intake, like carnivorous
species, but also through the digestion and metabolism of starch
(Bureau et al., 2002). However, in carnivorous species, like
Asian seabass, starch is not only poorly digested, but it has also
been shown that the animal poorly metabolises the energy from
this macronutrient, preferring to rely on protein and lipid as
energy sources (Glencross et al., 2014).
maintenance also includes that energy utilised through activity
and heat loss. Being a poikilothermic animal, the energy demand
by fish will directly reflect the temperature of its environment.
However, both above and below critical thermal ranges there is
a deterioration in the nature of
Figure 1. The relationship between energy demand, feed intake
and dietary nutrient demands.
Defining Energy Demands
Dietary energy demand is generally assumed to be the sum
of the requirements of a growing fish for its maintenance
and growth energy needs (Figure 3). Energy demand for
Figure 2. The effect of diet energy density on feed intake and
FCR in Asian seabass. Data derived from Glencross et al. 2014.
22 | July | August 2016 - International Aquafeed
FEATURE
Figure 3. Energy flows associated with dietary energy intake and
growth.
Figure 4. Energy loss (kJ/fish) by Tilapia starved for 30 days at
32°C. Regression equation is: Energy loss = 3.1487•BW0.849, (R2
= 0.9799). Data from Trung et al. (2011). GMW : geometric mean
weight
Figure 5. Energy gain by Rainbow trout fed varying ration levels
of the same diet. Notable is the 62% efficiency (0.6232x) with
which dietary energy is gained. Data derived from Glencross
2009.
this relationship between temperature and energy demand. This
also influences the efficiency with which dietary energy is utilised
(Glencross and Bermudes, 2011).
Energy demand for maintenance by all fish is a mass-specific
relationship. Therefore, to understand the relationship between
a fish’s live-weight and its energy demand, an equation needs
to be established. Typically these relationships are described by
an allometric equation such as y = axb. In this relationship the
exponent b describes the relationship between the animal’s liveweight and its energy demand for maintenance (often referred to
as the metabolic body weight exponent), while the coefficient
a describes the species and temperature specific nature of that
energy demand (White, 2011).
Energy utilised by fish for maintenance metabolic activities
can be estimated using several methods. Both direct and indirect
calorimetry has been used to examine the energetics of fish
whilst being fasted. The rate of this energy utilisation is referred
to as the standard metabolic rate (SMR). Direct calorimetry
uses the assessment of the loss of somatic energy reserves from
starved fish over a period of time (Figure 4). Indirect calorimetry
typically bases its assessment of energy use on the measurement
of an indirect indicator of energy consumption such as oxygen
use or carbon dioxide production by starved fish.
The relationship between fish’s energy metabolism and its
body weight (BW) conform to the allometric equation: a • BWb
(White, 2010). Comparison of the energy metabolism exponent
across a range of species shows a general exponent value of
around BW0.80. Tilapia (BW0.833) Pangasius catfish (BW0.80),
Asian seabass (BW0.80), grouper (BW0.79), Gilthead seabream
(BW0.82) and European seabass (BW0.80) (Lupatsch et al.,
2003; Glencross, 2009; Glencross et al., 2011; Trung et al., 2011;
Glencross and Bermudes, 2012), has shown that the fundamental
energetic constants such as exponents of metabolic body weight
are very similar among a range of fish species, both omnivorous
and carnivorous. As such, it is now generally accepted that a
standard value for the metabolic body weight exponent of 0.80
(BW0.80) is applicable.
The maintenance energy requirement (HEm), as defined by
the digestible energy consumption for zero net energy gain,
this generally varies depending on temperature. At optimal
temperatures a HEm value of ~40 kJ / kg0.80/d is typical for
many fish species (Lupatsch et al., 2003; Glencross, 2009;
Glencross and Bermudes, 2010; Glencross et al., 2011).
There is generally a linear effect of energy gain with increasing
energy intake in most fish species. Though at higher energy
intake levels this sometime appears as a curvilinear relationship
(Lupatsch et al., 2003; Glencross, 2008; 2009). The slope of
the regression line determined from energy gain against energy
intake by fish is often termed the partial (or marginal) efficiency
of energy utilisation and provides and guide to the efficiency of
conversion (Figure 5). Because of the curvilinear nature of this
response, near maintenance intake levels, this partial utilisation
efficiency tends to be higher (up to 81 percent efficient), while
at higher energy (>100 kJ/kg0.8/d) intake levels in some species
this partial utilisation efficiency can deteriorate substantially
and values as low as 15 percent efficient have been reported
(Glencross et al., 2011).
Energy Demands for Growth
Energy demands for growth are dictated by a series of interrelated factors. These factors are; the amount of growth potential
at a given water temperature and fish live-weight, the carcass
composition (energy density) of that growth and the efficiency
with which consumed and digested dietary energy is converted
into that growth (Dumas et al., 2010; Glencross, 2012).
The estimates of growth potential are generally dependent on
empirical data and clearly the most practical data for such an
estimate is data from farm production operations. However, the
limitations of health, genetics and sub-optimal environmental
conditions need to be considered in such data sets.
The composition of whole fish over a live-weight range typical
for that used in commercial production has been reported by
several researchers (Lupatsch et al., 2003; Glencross et al., 2011;
Trung et al., 2011; Glencross and Bermudes, 2012) (Figure
International Aquafeed - July | August 2016 | 23
FEATURE
6). These data typically show an
exponential relationship between
live-weight and energy density of the
fish. This relationship is reflective
of the fact that lipid content of the
carcass tends to follow an exponential
relationship with size, while dry
matter content (reciprocal of moisture
content) generally reflects that of the
lipid content, with lipid displacing
water in the animal as it accretes
in the carcass. By contrast protein
content follows a linear function, with
Figure 6. Variation in carcass composition of Asian seabass with varying live-weight size. Note
how protein content is relatively stable around 17%, while lipid varies from less than 5% in small
a typical protein content of the fish
fish to over 10% in larger fish. Dry matter varies reflecting this difference in contributions to
around 17 percent, with little effect of
carcass gain between lipid and protein. Data derived from Glencross and Bermudes 2012.
size on that protein content. Therefore,
it can be noted that it is this adiposity
of fish that drives this change in energy
demands associated with the carcass composition.
Thirdly, is the conversion of dietary energy into that somatic
energy. Among different fish species and intake levels the
efficiency of energy conversion has been estimated to range from
0.44 to 0.81 (or 44 percent to 81percent efficient) (Glencross,
2008; Trung et al., 2011). Typical values tend to be closer to 0.66
across many species and issues of intake constraints and other
methodological issues have been raised as influential factors
(Schrama et al., 2012).
From the combination of growth potential, body composition,
maintenance requirements and partial efficiencies of utilisation, it is
possible to calculate the energy requirement at a range of fish sizes
Figure 7. Iterative estimations for digestible protein: digestible
and this is known as an iterative estimation of energy requirement
energy demands for Atlantic salmon with varying live-weight.
Overlaid as different colour lines are idealized diet specifications
(Figure 7). It is also possible to define protein demands using a
as would be applied for each size class of fish.
similar strategy and therefore by bringing
the two components together (energy
demand and protein demand) possible to
estimate the ideal protein: energy ratio
at any fish size. Above this idealise line
the diet is arguably over specification
and the feed costs more than it needs to,
whilst under this line the feed is under
specification and the fish will deposit
the excess energy as lipid and protein
synthesis will be nutrient limited.
Measuring Digestible Energy
Measuring the digestible energy
content of feeds is also an involved
process and there are many studies
Figure 8. An example of an NIRS calibration for measuring digestible energy content of feeds
that have described the various
for Asian seabass. Data derived from Glencross et al., 2016.
methodologies used to determine
this from both diets and ingredients
(Austreng 1978; Aksnes et al., 1996;
explored for use in aquaculture feeds is the use of near infrared
reviewed by Glencross et al., 2007). Various methodological
spectroscopy (NIRS) as an in silico method, whereby the in vivo
effects have been noted from the methods used to collect faeces
methods were used to provide reference samples to develop
and diet acclimation time (Vandenberg and De la Noue, 2001;
a spectrometric method for scanning samples to determine
Glencross et al., 2005; Blyth et al., 2015).
the digestible energy content of either feeds or in some cases
While in vivo assessment methods still provide the “gold
ingredients (Glencross et al., 2015; 2016). Such methods as NIRS
standard” and obvious benchmark reference method for
allow the scanning of a sample of feed or an ingredient in a matter
determining the digestible energy of feeds (and ingredients), a
range of in vitro and in silico methods have been explored in recent of seconds to get an assessment of digestible energy (Aufrere et al.,
1996). This technology offers huge opportunities in terms of rapid
years. For the in vitro methods a range of different enzymatic
assessment for quality control and/or checking raw material quality
mediated methods have been reported with varying degrees of
prior to formulation.
correlation with the respective in vivo assessments (Bassompierre
et al., 1997; Lemos et al., 2009). An alternative method recently
References available upon request
24 | July | August 2016 - International Aquafeed
FEATURE
IN-SITU
CLEANING
Clean nets, but what
about the fish?
A
A biofouling specialist gives
us a concise overview of the
problems involved
Malachi Stone from the International
Aquafeed team talks to Björgólfur
Hávarðsson MSc, about his presentation at
Aquaculture UK
s some of our readers will know
only too well, biofouling occurs
when aquatic organisms colonise
underwater structures such as nets
used in aquaculture. Mussels,
algae, hydroids and sea squirts will
attach themselves to any available
space, then grow and reproduce
until the nets on your farm are
thoroughly clogged.
Fouling of nets in and of itself is problem enough, but it also
brings additional issues. These miniature forests of algae and
ascidians provide a refuge and gathering place for hordes of
salmon lice and other noxious parasites, such as amoebas and
bacteria - a source of physical misery for the fish and economic
misery for the farmer.
At Aquaculture UK in Aviemore, Scotland, International
Aquafeed had the opportunity to attend a talk on this very subject,
given by Björgólfur Hávarðsson MSc from Steen-Hansen. His
presentation, ‘In-situ cleaning: Clean nets, but what about the
fish?’ gave listeners a great deal to think about.
Steen-Hansen is a privately owned Norwegian company
established in 1932. The company initially focused on paints
before turning its attention to the chemical impregnation of nets
for aquaculture. By 1995 it was in all major aquaculture markets,
and today it is a world leader in antifouling paints for the fishfarming industry.
The company now boasts its own production facilities,
laboratories and R&D facilities. They had a turnover approaching
US$20 million in 2014, and gross profits of more than
US$350,000 the same year. They currently have 23 employees.
Their aquaculture products include NetCoating PLUS™,
protecting nets from abrasion and UV damage, and AquaNet®
antifouling, which can be adapted to different environments and
net materials.
Steen-Hansen’s own specialists have also published a useful,
informative, Net Care Certified booklet in collaboration with their
partners, agents and cooperating universities. The Little Book
on Fouling™ is non-commercial and available free of charge
(order at www.bookonfouling.com). You can even order different
versions, depending on where you are in the world. This makes
great sense: the flora and fauna clogging nets in Chile - and the
conditions they do it in - will probably be somewhat different
from those in Scotland.
Even around the British Isles, Mr Hávarðsson says, the species
involved, the intensity of accumulation and the length of the
fouling season will all vary greatly, dictated by a combination
of latitude and geography. It really does matter where you set up
your farm.
Most of the organisms that colonise the nets have planktonic
larval stages. As such, they are carried on the sea’s currents until
they come into contact with a surface they are ready to settle
on. Easy to see, then, why the currents around a fish farm will
determine much about the annual intensity of fouling and the
intensity within the site. This will lead to marked differences in
the levels of fouling between one site and another.
Oceanic currents can thus be seen to greatly influence the
establishment and size of the colonies of fouling organisms
among which fish lice and other parasites love to hide. But they
also influence the dispersal of the parasites themselves. Worse, in
all this, the process may even be assisted by the farmer himself.
In-situ high pressure cleaning of nets is a widespread biofouling
management tool in Norway. One effect of such cleaning is net
abrasion, which usually manifests as greater or lesser degrees
of expansion in the net fibres, or even holes. Spaces between
the fibres make for an even safer haven for all kinds of parasites
to hide in, and for hydroid colonies to take root. Subsequent
cleaning cycles will leave the hydroid roots intact, ready to
immediately start growing again - and quicker than before, as the
cleaning has now removed all competing species. The cleaning
26 | July | August 2016 - International Aquafeed
FEATURE
Image courtesy of
©SINTEF Fiskeri og havbruk
process also bursts the adult hydroids, releasing larvae in huge
numbers. These spread locally, sink and adhere immediately
to the first surface they encounter, thereby compounding the
problem even further.
During in-situ cleaning, debris is dislodged and scattered,
forming a cloud that spreads horizontally and vertically in and
around the cage. Much of this debris is composed of fragments of
hydroids, which float rather well and are packed full of stinging
cells that cause inflammation in the fishes’ gills. Prolonged
or repeated exposure can cause significant gill damage and
perhaps even leave the way open for secondary infections.
Especially given that the debris cloud is also packed with harmful
microorganisms: all fouling species have been found to harbour
pathogenic amoebas, and many play host to virulent bacteria as
well. In-situ high pressure cleaning also dislodges vast numbers
of fish-louse larvae, which are then distributed elsewhere by
currents - as far as 160m away.
Owing to the interference of cages and fish, the localised
currents at farming sites are erratic and will not always reflect
the main currents in the area. It is therefore unrealistic to hope
that these currents will disperse and neutralise the debris cloud
before any real damage is done to the fish. In-situ cleaning in
one cage will therefore affect other cages, and any given cage
may be affected several times during a single cleaning cycle.
Furthermore, such cleaning cycles may need to be repeated
within as little as 10 days.
Herein lies a terrible irony: in an attempt to clean his cages
and thereby eradicate fouling and the ‘sink’ in which parasites
accumulate, the farmer may actually be making a bad situation
worse. The effect is rather like scratching a severe skin infection
- temporary relief at the cost of greater problems in the longterm.
Currently, Mr Hávarðsson says, there is no truly satisfactory
solution to these problems; it is more a case of employing
wise practices in order to keep them at manageable levels.
For example, a farmer should use well-established methods to
check his fishes’ gills for damage after in-situ net cleaning. If
there is any, he would be best advised to wait a few days before
using delousing chemicals. Hopefully by then the fishes’ gill
membranes will be sufficiently recovered to be able to cope with
such substances.
There is a desperate need for improved cleaning and antifouling devices. In the meantime, increased awareness of the
problem coupled with sensible management techniques are the
best weapons in the fish-farmer’s arsenal.
References available on request
[email protected]
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International Aquafeed - July | August 2016 | 27
FEATURE
A VIEW ON AQUACULTURE
DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA
I
by Dr B Laxmappa, Fisheries Development Officer, India
ndia is the second largest producer of fish in the
world, contributing 5.68 per cent of global fish
production. It is also a major producer of fish
through aquaculture and ranks second in the world
after China. India is an important producer of fish
and shellfish through aquaculture globally, whilst
also possessing a number of other flourishing
sectors with vast resources and potential.
Aquaculture is the fastest growing food producing
sector in the world with an annual growth of around seven per
cent. India is the second largest producer of fish both in terms of
production, and from aquaculture. Increasing demand for fish and
fishery products would mostly be sourced from aquaculture and
culture based captures fisheries in reservoirs as capture fisheries
growth world over is stagnant.
Presently, the country ranks second in the world in total
fish production with an annual fish production of about
10.07 million metric tonnes. As the second largest country in
aquaculture production (Table: 1), the share of inland fisheries
and aquaculture has gone up from 46 percent in the 1980s to
over 85 percent in recent years in total fish production. The total
aquaculture production of 4.64 million tonnes of which carp
alone was responsible for the lions share (See Table 1).
India’s aquaculture production basically can be classified into
freshwater, brackishwater and mariculture production. There
are 429 Fish Farmers Development Agencies (FFDAs) and 39
Brackishwater Fish Farmers Development Agencies (BFDAs)
besides huge number of Fishermen Cooperative Societies (FCS),
private farmers for promoting freshwater and coastal aquaculture.
Some of the important species cultured in India are the Indian
major carps, catfish, prawn and shrimp. Besides these, seabass,
trout, tilapia fish culture, mud crab, clam and seaweed farming
(Table: 2), are slowly gaining importance in the aquaculture
scenario in the last few years as alternative livelihood supporting
sectors as small-scale activities. Aquaculture in India has evolved as a viable commercial farming
practice from the level of traditionally backyard activity over last
three decades with considerable diversification in terms of species
and systems, and has been showing an impressive annual growth
rate of 6-7 percent. While the carp-based freshwater aquaculture
contributing over 90 percent of the aquaculture production, thus
Table 1: Top 5 aquaculture producers in 2010
Sl. No.
Country
Million tonnes
Percentage
1
China
36.73
61.35
2
India
4.64
7.76
3
Vietnam
2.67
4.46
4
Indonesia
2.30
3.85
5
Bangladesh
1.30
2.19
(Source: FAO 2012)
28 | July | August 2016 - International Aquafeed
FEATURE
satisfying the domestic need; with the shrimp-based coastal
aquaculture contributes to the export earnings.
Freshwater aquaculture
Freshwater aquaculture showed an impressive ten-fold growth
from 0.37 million tonnes in 1980 to 4.03 million tonnes in 2010,
with a mean annual growth rate of over six percent. Freshwater
aquaculture contributes to over 95 percent of the total aquaculture
production. The freshwater aquaculture comprises of the culture
of carp fishes, catfishes, tilapia, and prawns.
The three Indian major carps, namely catla (Catla catla), rohu
(Labeo rohita) and mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigala) contribute to the
bulk of production by 70 to 75 percent of the total freshwater
fish production, followed by silver carp, grass carp, common
carp, catfishes and others forming a second important group
contributing the balance of 25 to 30 percent.
It is estimated that only about 40 percent of the available area
of 2.36 million hectares of ponds and tanks has put to use with
an immense scope for expansion of area existed for freshwater
aquaculture.
Induced breeding of carps and catfishes, hatcheries for massscale spawning, seed rearing and carp polyculture are some of
the epoch-making technologies actually guided by the freshwater
aquaculture development. The sector has also shown considerable
diversification in recent years with the adoption of other species
such as catfishes and freshwater prawns, due to their higher
market demand and economic values.
Whilst production of 4–5 tonnes under carp polyculture is
quite common, farmers of several regions are able to produce
8–12 tonnes/ha/year. Integrated fish farming with livestock and
horticulture has not only been able to utilize the by- products/
wastes as principal inputs, but also made the farming practice
highly remunerative and farmers’ friendly.
Pangasius sutchi, one of the swift growing catfishes was first
introduced into India in the year 1995–1996 in the state of West
Bengal from Thailand through Bangladesh. Initially farming was
carried out in a limited area in the States of West Bengal and
Andhra Pradesh.
This fish grows to 1–1.5 kg during one year, a minimum of
10–15 tonnes/ hectare/year is harvested through due to farming
of this fish. There is a growing interest among the farming
community in other states as well to take up Pangasius culture in
a larger extent, thus paving way for demand for its seed and for
establishment of commercial scale hatcheries.
Pangasius is being farmed under monoculture or polycuIture
with carps. Recently in cage culture farming, about 3-5 tonnes
production achieved with floating pellet feed in 10 months
just from one cage (96 m3) in certain reservoirs of India. The
health
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FEATURE
Government of India has stipulated strict guidelines for regulating
introduction of P.sutchi in the country and the guidelines clearly
suggested keeping the upper limit of production to a level of 20
tonnes/hectare/year. African catfish, Clarias gariepinus culture was banned in India
under Environment Protection Act (2000). But some fishermen
are still cultivating this banned catfish illegally in village ponds at
Table 2: Farmed species in Indian aquaculture
Sl. No.
Common name
I
Finfish
Scientific name
1
Catla
Catla catla
2
Rohu
Labeo rohita
3
Mrigal
Cirrhinus mrigala
4
Silver carp
Hypophthalmichthys molitrix*
5
Grass carp
Ctenopharyngodon idellus*
6
Common carp
Cyprinus carpio*
7
Golden mahseer
Tor putitora
8
Brown trout
Salmo trutta fario*
9
Rainbow trout
Oncorhynchus mykiss*
10
Striped murrel
Channa striatus
11
Climbing perch
Anabas testudineus
12
Pearl spot
Etroplus suratensis
13
Nile tilapia
Oreochromis niloticus*
14
Indian short-fin eel
Anguilla bicolor bicolor
15
Seabass
Lates calcarifer
16
Cobia
Rachycentron canadum
17
Tiger grouper
Epinephelus fuscoguttatus
18
Pacu
Piaractus brachypomus*
19
Magur
Clarias batrachus
20
Stinging catfish / Singhi
Heteropneustes fossilis
21
Thai magur / Pangasius
Pangasius sutchi*
22
African catfish
Clarias gariepinus*
II
Shellfish
23
Giant river prawn
Rearing of the giant river prawn
Macrobrachium rosenbergii
24
Monsoon river prawn
Macrobrachium malcolmsonii
25
Giant tiger prawn
Penaeus monodon
26
White leg shrimp
Litopenaeus vannamei*
27
Mud crab
Scylla serrata
28
Sand lobster
Thenus unimaculatus
29
Green mussel
Perna viridis
30
Indian brown mussel
Perna indica
31
Indian backwater oyster
Crassostrea madrasensis
III
Seaweed
32
Gracilaria seaweed
Gracilaria edulis
33
Elkhorn sea moss
Kappaphycus alvarezii
* Exotic species
Species
Year-wise production (tonnes)
Common
name
Scientific
name
2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15
Tiger
shrimp
Penaeus
monodon
135466
118575
123309
76798
73155
18247
18247
147516
250507
353413
(Source: MPEDA)
In addition to carp and catfish varieties, successful breeding
and larval rearing of the giant river prawn (Macrobrachium
rosenbergii) and the monsoon river prawn (M. malcolmsonii)
provided scope for the farmers to diversify their culture practices.
Among the cultivable freshwater prawns, M. rosenbergii,
the giant river prawn completely dominated the commercial
freshwater prawn culture due to its superior cultivable attributes
such as very fast growth, high market demand, hardiness,
euryhaline nature and its compatibility to grow with cultivable
fin-fishes such as Indian major carps, tilapia and catfishes - a
viable option for enhancing farm income.
Monoculture of M. rosenbergii has produced production
levels of 1.0–1.5 tonnes/ha in a 7–8 month production cycle.
Polyculture of M. malcolmsonii alongside Indian major carps
and Chinese carps where production levels of 300 -400 kg in
ponds and 50-83 kg prawn/ha/ eight months in reservoirs can
be achieved. During recent years, the freshwater prawn-farming
sector has witnessed quite impressive growth; with the State of
Andhra Pradesh dominating the sector followed by West Bengal.
Brackishwater aquaculture
Table 3: Shrimp production particulars in India from 2010-11 to 2014-15
Pacific
Litopenaeus
white
vannamei
shrimp
secluded areas to make a quick buck. This
species was clandestinely introduced into
the state of West Bengal possibly during
1994 from neighboring Bangladesh and
quickly spread throughout the country,
including into cold regions as well as
coastal areas.
It is largely cultured in the states of West
Bengal, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka,
Assam, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh and
Telangana. Pacu, Piaractus brachypomus
is also cultured in some states of India
under monoculture or with Pangasius
catfish.
The Government of India has also
permitted the Nile tilapia, Oreochromis
niloticus in aquaculture in late 2012,
prescribing certain guidelines as a part of
diversification of species for increasing
overall fish production levels of the
country.
In addition, this fish represents a lower level in the food chain,
so its culture would be economical and eco-friendly. As per
guidelines, farming of only mono-sex male/sterile (through either
hormonal manipulation or cross breeding) is permitted and species
recommended is Nile tilapia or improved strains/hybrids of tilapia. Oreochromis niloticus is being farmed under monoculture in
ponds. Recently it is also farming in cages of Indian reservoirs
to enhance the fish production and to provide livelihood to local
fisher folk in various states in the country.
Brackish water aquaculture in India is concentrated around
the giant tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon as the single most
important species. India witnessed a phenomenal increase in the
area under shrimp farming which occurred between 1990–1994,
and the growth rate was phenomenal till 1995. In fact, farmed
recorded shrimp production enjoyed in excess of a five-fold
increase from 28 000 tonnes in 1988-89 to 144 346 tonnes in
2006-2007 and operating at around 100 000 tonnes over the
years.
Among the coastal states, Andhra Pradesh is the largest
producer of shrimp production in the country. Later its production
30 | July | August 2016 - International Aquafeed
FEATURE
comes down significantly due to frequent occurrence of viral
outbreaks particularly white spot syndrome.
In India, a major shift in shrimp related policy took place with
the introduction of an exotic species of shrimp, viz, Penaeus
vannamei. The pilot-scale introduction of P.vannamei initiated in
2003 and after a risk analysis study large-scale introduction has
been permitted in 2009.
The introduction of vannamei in India occurred under controlled
conditions with a clear procedure laid down by the government.
Initially, two companies, Sarat Seafood and BMR Hatcheries,
were given permission to import broodstock from approved
countries and conduct trials in a restricted environment.
The introduction of vannamei in India
The Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture (CIBA) and
National Bureau for Fish Genetic Resources (NBFGR) conducted
the risk analysis for the introduction of vannamei in India.
Following the risk analysis studies, the government decided for a
large-scale introduction of commercial use of vannamei in 2009.
P. vannamei importation and cultivation guidelines were prepared
International Aquafeed - July | August 2016 | 31
FEATURE
by the Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries.
Coastal Aquaculture Authority (CAA), of the Government of
India, Chennai is the agency for granting permission to import
vannamei brood stock and for giving permissions for vannamei
culture by farmers.
Recently, the culture of exotic, white leg shrimp, Litopenaeus
vannamei, however, has attracted the farmers’ attention because
of its fast growth, low incidence of native diseases, availability
of Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) domesticated strains and culture
feasibility in wide salinity range.
With the production levels of 10–12 tonnes/ha/crop of 3-4
months duration, the production of this species has reached
to a level of 353413 tonnes during 2014–15 and P. monodon
production declined significantly (Table 3 & Fig. 1).
To facilitate farmers in getting quality SPF vannamei seed,
the Government of India set up a quarantine centre at Chennai
and all vannamei brood stock is allowed to enter India after the
consignment is cleared at this quarantine center at Chennai.
Currently, CAA has given permissions to farmers for farming
vannamei in 22 715 hectares and allowed 135 hatcheries for
importing vannamei broodstock for production and supply
of quality SPF vannamei seed to farmers. In addition, certain
marine/brackish water crab as high export prices have made
fattening of species like (Scylla serrata and S. tranquebarica a
remunerative farming practice.
Mariculture
Over the last decade, considerable changes have taken place
in the diversification and production of mariculture in India.
Most significant is the emergence of oyster and mussel farming
as a commercial aquaculture programme. Intensive research on
various aspects of the culture of the Indian backwater oyster,
Crassostrea madrasensis has been made and the technology has
also been developed for the hatchery production of seed.
Mariculture in India, although limited to the farming of mussels
and edible oysters undertaken in some coastal region of Kerala
over the years, has successfully produced sea cage farming in
recent years, initially with seabass and most recently cobia,
which has shown the prospects of commercial mariculture in the
country. Apart from increased production, India has several new
technological developments like tissue culture of marine pearls,
hatchery techniques for lobsters and ornamental fishes that have
potential to make impact on the country’s economic development.
Amblypharyngodon mola etc.
Among the catfishes Sperata sp., Ompok sp., and Wallago
attu. Efforts are being made to standardize the technology of
mass-scale seed production of these species and their inclusion
as a component of conventional carp polyculture, based on their
regional importance.
In addition, there is a contribution from cold water fisheries,
although insufficient for fish basket, it is of high value and lowvolume category with a projected volume of 1 percent. Important
food cold-water fishes for food are mahaseer and schizothoracids
belonging to the indigenous species and trout’s among the
exotic varieties. Promotion of trout and mahseer farming in the
upland coldwater region has also shown significant potential for
aquafarming. Availability of balanced supplementary feed for different
life stages for diversified cultivable species and appropriate
disease management measures are some of the important other
developments.
Almost five-fold growth in mean national pond productivity
in last four decades, i.e. from about 600 kg in 1970s to 2900 kg/
ha today is proof of the sector’s vibrancy. As the second largest
aquaculture producer in the world, aquaculture in India is also
considered as a thriving sector for meeting the increasing fish
demand in the coming years. The developmental support provided by the Indian Government
through a network of FFDAs, BFDAs, and the Research &
Development programmes of the Indian Council of Agricultural
Research (ICAR) have been the principal vehicles for this
revolutionary development.
In addition, additional support was also provided by various
state governments, host of organisations and agencies like the
Marine Products Export Development Authority (MPEDA),
National Fisheries Development Board (NFDB), Rajiv Gandhi
Centre for Aquaculture (RGCA), financial institutions, etc. References are available on request
About the author: Dr. B.Laxmappa, has a
PhD in Zoology from the Osmania University,
Hyderabad, India. He has been working as a
Fisheries Development Officer (Field Executive)
in the Government sector in Telanagana, India
since 1995. Now, he is a Senior Officer and works
closely with the fisheries and aquaculture fisher
folk in Telangana
Conclusion
While sustainability is being addressed, the present concern is
with regard to species diversification, in spite of the fact that the
country possesses several other endemic potential and cultivable
medium and minor carp species having regional demand,
such as, Labeo calbasu, L. fimbriatus, L.gonius, L.dussumieri,
L.bata, Cirrihinus cirrhosa, C .reba, Puntius sarana, P. jerdoni,
32 | July | August 2016 - International Aquafeed
FEATURE
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International Aquafeed - July | August 2016 | 33
PHOTOSHOOT
THE BIG PICTURE - CANADA
As a salmon farmer on northern Vancouver Island, AgriMarine had experienced crop losses due to
toxic algae blooms, predators and escapes. Preventing the interaction between the farmed salmon
and its marine environment seemed like the right solution to these challenges, and lowering the high
capital costs of land-based systems was key.
The Company set out to design and test a walled, floating enclosure that would enable the separation
of cultured fish from the external environment.
See the full story on page 42
SEA BREAM
Welcome to Expert Topic. Each issue will take an in-depth look at a
particular species and how its feed is managed.
36 | July | August 2016 - International Aquafeed
2
1
Denmark
The Mediterranean Sea
S
1 The golden spear
parus aurata translates roughly as ‘gilded
spear.’ The fish is widespread across
the Mediterranean, present north to the
British Channel and south to Senegal,
and rare north of the Bosphorus. It is
a relatively hardy fish, able to cope
with a wide variety of temperatures
and salinities. This makes it a natural choice
for aquaculture, and it is indeed farmed extensively:
practically every country bordering the Mediterranean is a major producer.
Until fairly recently, farming of this species basically consisted of trapping
wild individuals, then fattening them up for harvest. Captive breeding was only
achieved in Italy in 1981-82; large-scale production was to take a further seven
years. It was worth the wait: the fish proved highly adaptable to intensive rearing.
By the turn of the millennium, production had reached 87,000 tonnes a year.
Indeed, in some places at least, the Seabream industry appears to have been something of
a victim of its own success: the conventional market for these fish is reaching saturation.
The answer for traders would appear to be twofold: to expand into new markets and to also
transform their approach to existing ones. Value-added products will likely play a major part in
this.
Source: FAO
International Aquafeed - July | August 2016 | 37
2
S
SEA BREAM
AQUA FEEDS IN THE SEA BREAM FARMING INDUSTRY
by Diogo Thomaz, Stella Adamidou, Dr Florian Nagel & Dr Hanno Slawski – Aller Aqua Group
A brief history of sea bream nutrition
ea bream and Sea bass farming started in
the early eighties in the Mediterranean,
at a time where knowledge about the
nutritional requirements of these species
was practically inexistent. At that time only
cold-pelleted feeds were manufactured
with a small number of ingredients such as
wheat, fishmeal, fish oil, soya and a variety
of plant oils and meat meals.
Protein origin was mainly from fish and animals, and inclusion
levels in the diets were very high, exceeding 50 percent. Fat
content was very low, below 12 percent, and the main issue was
to form a pellet, which could be consumed by the fish. As years
passed, technologies evolved and from cold pelleted feeds we
went one step further to steam-pelleted diets; in the mid 90s
extruded feeds started to be produced extensively, turning the
page in the history of fish feeds.
physical characteristics of feeds and improved digestibility of
ingredients. Meanwhile academic and company researchers were
working on the nutritional requirements of the species and the
industry was continuously trying new formulas.
Extruders were the tools for the evolution of feeds. From
gross protein, amino acids and fat levels, we moved to
digestible protein/digestible energy requirements and from
fixed diets to flexible diets. Fishmeal and fish oil substitution
The introduction of extruders
Extruders increased flexibility on the number, the type and the
quantities of raw materials formulators could use. At the same
time the new technology offered a number of options on the
38 | July | August 2016 - International Aquafeed
Dr Florian Nagel at the Aller
Aqua Research facilities
took place at the top of the feed companies’ agenda,
research and EU funding projects and price and availability
started to fluctuate considerably, adding some risk to feed
production and cost.
In the year 2000 (until 2013), EU decided to ban land-based
animal meals and turn the industry, that was struggling to
find the best substitution for fish meal, exclusively to plant
protein and fat sources. The need to reduce fishmeal and fish
oil, combined with the EU ban, caused a number of changes
in feed formulation.
Very soon it was discovered that Sea bass’ and Sea bream’s
tolerance to plant materials were impressively high, but still
lower than the tolerance of cold and fresh water species
such as trout. As feeds were changing, the bass and bream
industry in the Mediterranean kept growing rapidly, from a
few tons in the early 80s to over 300,000 tons, increasing in
biomass load and fish density but also health issues. Higher
levels of premixes and a large number of additives are being
used to cover different types of issues, such as liver and gut
health, immune system enhancement, and pathology issues,
all of which are types of stress, but also feed palatability
and digestibility. Today we are at a stage where fishmealfree diets are discussed and tested commercially for some
carnivorous species and this seems to be the inevitable future
of fish feeds.
In the best case scenario, fishmeal and fish oil supply
will be stable over the next few years, demand will always
be higher than supply, and prices will have be on the rise,
whilst aquaculture production will increase together with the
demand for more fish feeds.
"NEW
TECHNOLOGY
OFFERS A NUMBER
OF OPTIONS FOR
THE PHYSICAL
CHARACTERISTICS
OF FEEDS AS
WELL AS
IMPROVED
DIGESTIBILITY OF
INGREDIENTS"
Raw material challenges and future trends in feed
formulation for Sea bream and other Mediterranean
species
The development of feeds for Sea bream follows a similar
pattern as for other species with relatively high protein and
energy demands. Raw materials with high protein content are
sought and evaluated as replacement for fish meal or other
REHO Marine Fish Farm
Feeding programme for
SEA BREAM
ALLER HATCHERY PACKTM
GROWER FEEDS
TEMPERATURE ADAPTED FEEDSTM
ALLER VITAMAX
ORGANIC FEEDS
Specific Sea bream diet for the entire life cycle
- from fry to full grown fish:
-
Raw materials of the highest quality
-
Season specific feed
-
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-
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at our Research & Development centre
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- Let’s grow together!
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International Aquafeed - July | August 2016 | 39
Sea Bream underwater image Courtesy of
©REHO Marine fish farm, Italy
highly nutritive raw materials. This search for high quality raw
materials has not gone unnoticed.
The fast growth and commercial attractiveness of the
aquaculture sector has sparked high interest by raw material
suppliers. The demand of the aquaculture sector for high quality
raw materials has been answered by advanced processing
methods for raw materials.
Vegetable protein sources can now be obtained almost free
of anti-nutritional factors. And animal by-products can now
be processed as gentle as LT-fish meal, resulting in improved
palatability and nutrient digestibility. As a consequence, Sea
bream feeds will contain less fishmeal and more alternative
protein sources, whilst maintaining the required feed
performance.
Whilst the scarcity of fish meal will intensify and fish meal
inclusion levels in fish feeds will have to shrink further, the
outlook is positive. The demands of the aquaculture sector have
not only resulted in improvements of existing raw materials –
also new raw materials are now commercialized for application
in fish feeds. For example bacterial proteins, algae extracts and
insect meals possess high potential for fish feeds and will become
common ingredients in near future.
Compared to fishmeal, replacing fish oil is more challenging.
The high content of Ω-3 fatty acids in fish oil is seldom found in
other oils of significant availability. But the also here, the market
needs to have been addressed by inventive suppliers who have
developed extract of Ω-3 fatty acids for application in fish feeds.
Therefore, fish requirements for fatty acids like EPA and DHA
can also be met in future fish feed formulations.
The scarcity of marine raw materials is often discussed in
a negative way. This scarcity is a reality. And raw material
suppliers as well as feed producers are taking necessary steps
to overcome the fishmeal and fish oil shortage. Reducing
dependency on marine raw materials inherits enormous potential
for the whole aquaculture sector, in particular for fish with
relatively high protein and energy demands like Sea bream.
Future direction in the use of nutrition to improve
performance and fight diseases and stress in Sea bream
One of the main issues facing global aquaculture is safeguarding
the health of farmed fish stocks by avoiding or diminishing stress
and disease spreading. Husbandry-caused stress parameters are
manifold and range from physical treatments (handling, grading,
vaccination, transport) to environmental parameters (temperature,
O2, CO2, pH, stocking density, feeding regime, light regime,
microorganisms etc).
Diminishing stressful situations for fish could be done by
provident management. However, tools that are well established
for other species, like vaccination of salmonids are still obstacles
in bass and bream farming due to limited availability of vaccines,
antimicrobial resistance, limited flexibility of legislation,
immature technology to apply vaccines, as well as challenging
management issues.
A promising and effective alternative (without technical
obstacles) to further alleviate the negative effects of husbandry
could be the utilization of functional feeds.
Under stress, the challenged immune system requires support
to overcome the acute and chronic impact of stressors. To secure
good fish performance, functional feeds target the immune system
and the metabolism of the fish by incorporated active ingredients.
The function and the mixture of active components can support
the whole of the immune system of the fish in an optimal way,
both the innate and adaptive immunity. A stimulated immune
system can improve both robustness and performance of fish.
For bass and bream in the Mediterranean, the high water
temperatures, limited oxygen at times and pressure by bacteria
or viral diseases, have caused rising mortalities and depressed
performance. Therefore, the evaluation and implementation of
active components into functional feeds is playing a key role
in recent and future stock assessment – pre-conditioning bass
40 | July | August 2016 - International Aquafeed
and bream to cope with various stressful
situations.
Feeds and feeding management must
go together if Sea bream aquaculture
is to become sustainable
Sustainability has two main facets: the
environment and the business. In fish
farming, and especially for species with high
requirements in terms of protein and energy
such as the Sea bream, these two facets are
constantly being put to the test.
The profile in the ingredients being used for
Sea bream feeds is constantly changing, in
part due to the law (historical restrictions on
the use of animal by-products for example),
in part through consumer pressure (organic
feeds or marine ingredients sourced from
sustainable fisheries, etc.) but also due to
availability and economic pressures on
resources such as fish oil or fishmeal. These
changes impact on the performance of feeds
and force companies to continuously adapt
their ways to fit new formulas.
Over the last decade we have seen an
increase in Sea bream feed prices of 40-50
percent. This increase was not paralleled
by an increase in the prices of farmed Sea
bream. The replacement of marine raw
materials with vegetable sources has had an
impact on the growth and disease resistance
performance of this species, mostly in a
negative direction, with lower growth and
higher sensitivity to stress and disease.
Companies have coped by changing
management, especially trying to reduce
staff and infrastructure costs. These days
they achieve production of 60-80 tons per
employee per year, from values that were
half that 15 years ago. Still more needs
to be done, especially in improving feed
conversion rates and survival.
Image Courtesy of ©Fish Farm Fonda
Today in the Mediterranean, companies
need between 1.8 and 2.2 kg of feed to
implementation and acceptance of new ingredients such as
produce 1 kg of Sea bream of 400g. This
bacterial proteins, algae extracts and insect meals. These
ratio needs to come down to values closer to 1.5 or less in order
ingredients are already making their way into fish feeds and are
for the industry to be viable both from an environmental and a
expected to a large extent to replace marine raw materials in the
business point of view.
future.
Achieving this will require better training of staff, especially
Cooperation between the various parties in the aquaculture
those feeding the fish, and intensified management of feeding,
sector, predominantly fish farmers and fish feed producers, will
with better use of production data and day-to-day adjustment
ensure a sustainable future for aquaculture, which will enable
of feeding plans according to fish behaviour, environmental
us all achieve the overall goal of feeding the world’s growing
variables and nutritional characteristics of feeds.
population.
Aquaculture is the business of converting feeds to fish (or
Aller Aqua has more than 50 years of experience with
shellfish) and we have a responsibility to do this efficiently, with
producing fish feeds, and is one of the world’s most experienced
respect for the environment, the livestock we are farming and
producers. Today Aller Aqua has factories in Denmark, Poland,
the people that work in the industry. Nutrition touches all these
Germany and Egypt, and export to more than 70 countries
aspects of the industry and is at its very centre.
worldwide.
Fish feed companies and Sea bream farmers need to collaborate
The company has a broad and professional product range,
to achieve the best possible result from Sea bream production, for
consisting of feed for 30 species of fish. Aller Aqua’s own
everyone’s benefit. Farmers continue to optimize production and
production management, whilst fish feed companies develop even professional development- and research centre in Germany, Aller
Aqua Research, consistently works on optimizing, developing
better results in feed performance and price for this species.
and documenting the effect of their products.
This is expected to be achieved as a result of successful
International Aquafeed - July | August 2016 | 41
FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY
I
PAVING THE WAY FOR A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE
As a salmon
farmer on northern
Vancouver Island,
AgriMarine had
experienced crop
losses due to toxic
algae blooms,
predators and
escapes. Preventing
the interaction
between the farmed
salmon and its
marine environment
seemed like the
right solution to
these challenges,
and lowering the
high capital costs
of land-based
systems was key.
t wasn’t too long ago that salmon farmers viewed closed farming systems with indifference
or even contempt. Critics of land-based systems assured us that these systems were cost
prohibitive due to their high-energy requirements, high land values, and the difficulty of
building structures large enough to rear economically viable crops of fish. Indeed, AgriMarine
faced the same issues when it was commissioned to operate a land-based salmon-farming
pilot on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, 15 years ago. As a salmon farmer on northern
Vancouver Island, AgriMarine had experienced crop losses due to toxic algae blooms,
predators and escapes. Preventing the interaction between the farmed salmon and its marine
environment seemed like the right solution to these challenges, and lowering the high capital
costs of land-based systems was key.
With this goal in mind, AgriMarine’s team of
engineers and salmon farmers embarked on a
journey to create a sustainable, “green” rearing
system. It wasn’t clear at the time that it would
take over 10 years of R&D effort to arrive at the
current concept for the production of fish. The
Company set out to design and test a walled,
floating enclosure that would enable the separation
of cultured fish from the external environment.
Over the years, many materials were tested
without success until a fiberglass foam sandwich
formed under vacuum met the initial engineering
criteria. Materials chosen for the first two designs,
reinforced concrete and aluminum, were deemed
unacceptable. The aluminum system would
not able to handle the projected stress and wave
pressures, and the concrete system was not easily
handled due to material density - both were
abandoned before prototypes were built. After a
decade of research and development, AgriMarine
had created a unique and revolutionary rearing
system that was several years ahead of its time.
The foam sandwich concept met expectations
in low energy environments, such as that found
in the Guanmenshan Reservoir installation, in
northern China. Shear stress testing determined
that higher energy environments, such as that found
in the ocean, would require a different materials
configuration, so the AgriMarine team redesigned
the containment wall layup. The new design
provides both strength and flexibility to withstand
the robust, highly energetic ocean environment.
A feat of engineering genius? You bet. However, creating disruptive technology has its disadvantages.
The industry responded with lukewarm interest and there was no quick adoption of the new systems.
AgriMarine implemented its proprietary systems in its own farms where the technology has been highly
successful at producing healthy fish at a commercial scale, with excellent growth rates. The Company
proved its system for the rearing of salmon and trout in Canada and in China, where the tanks operate in
dissimilar water temperature environments.
The Company has completed the installation of a total of twelve AgriMarine System™ tanks in its farms in
China and in British Columbia and continues to innovate and improve its technology.
Years later, we are now witnessing a wave of interest in closed systems that aim to mitigate disease
42 | July | August 2016 - International Aquafeed
FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY
transfer, sea lice infestations and increase production. This trend is now taking hold in Norway with many companies
revisiting the floating system concept. AgriMarine was able to establish a foothold in the world’s largest salmon
farming nation with an installation off the Norwegian coast for a post-smolt pilot project.
Faster growth rates and reduced disease
Closed systems, whether on land or floating, offer many advantages to the farmer and are increasingly more cost
effective than when AgriMarine first began its research years ago. Upfront costs are still higher than conventional net
systems, but capital costs can be amortised over a period and are offset by faster growth rates, reduced disease, sea
lice and antibiotic use, and improved feed conversion ratios.
Managing the rearing environment is a priority for AgriMarine’s technologies. The AgriMarine System™ allows
access to water from depths at which motile sea lice are not typically populating. At the 2014 North Atlantic Seafood
Forum in Bergen, Norway, salmon farmers pointed to sea lice as the single biggest issue facing the salmon farming
industry. Sea lice management dictates supply growth and prices. Approximately NOK 5 billion (USD$575 million)
was spent in 2015 by the Norwegian salmon-farming sector on combating sea lice. More recently, this year’s headlines
feature the devastating algal blooms in Chilean waters that affected that country’s industry.
Now farmers are seeking rearing environments that are escape-proof and that will aid in reducing levels of disease
and sea lice. The race for finding alternative methods in the fight against sea lice is on.
Floating vs Land-based Systems
The AgriMarine System™ is designed as a flow-through, floating tank with ancillary life support and waste
systems that can be deployed in oceans, lakes or reservoirs. AgriMarine’s tank design successfully combines the
environmental and husbandry benefits of land-based
fish farming with the low operational costs of open
net pen aquaculture. Better control of the rearing
environment, protection against sea lice and predators,
temperature modulation and risk mitigation from toxic
algae and low dissolved oxygen events are some of
the advantages of this technology.
In addition to developing its proprietary aquatic
farm management technology, the Company
installed recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS)
in a number of projects and sees value in utilising
RAS technologies for applications where water
access is restricted or where limited water resources
are available for land based farm consumption.
AgriMarine’s farm in Lois Lake, British Columbia,
utilises RAS systems in its hatchery and both
AgriMarine System™ tanks and net pens operate in
the lake to rear Steelhead salmon.
Closed systems allow the user to manage and
optimise the grow-out environment for fish.
While both land-based and floating systems
offer temperature modulation, waste capture and
effective feed application, they differ in terms of
water treatment and power requirements. Water
re-circulation systems require ammonia removal
technologies, whereas floating systems constantly
pump fresh water from its environment, with the flow
adjusted to reflect the size of fish being reared and
ensuring proper schooling behaviour. Temperature
and available dissolved oxygen are the most
important variables for fish growth and both systems
control these. The AgriMarine System™ includes
oxygenation and variable-depth pump intake, to help avoid deleterious water quality conditions. Pumping water from
different depths not only serves to maintain the fish at a comfortable temperature but also avoids the levels of naturally
occurring sea lice, so that the tank does not propagate sea lice.
The operating head of water systems in floating closed containment is less than 1/10th of a metre, whereas landbased recycled are often as high as 20 feet. Given the proportionality of lift to energy cost in water systems, this is an
order of magnitude savings over conventional land based recycle systems. Collecting all the waste food and excrement
is only possible in closed systems.
Improved protection of smolt
Protecting smolt from sea lice infestation is a growing trend in aquaculture. Extensive trials are being conducted in
International Aquafeed - July | August 2016 | 43
Image:
AgriMarine
System™
V2, wall
assembly
FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY
Top: AgriMarine
System™ V2,
Norway
Photo credit:
Roar Halten / NRK
Left: AgriMarine
System™ V1, tank
bottom assembly
major aquaculture centres for the production of large, seawater-adapted smolt utilising closed-systems.
Shorter time in open net pens based on using semi-closed containment for post smolt production allows for
better stock management and environmental controls. Reducing sea lice and lowering mortality rates during
the most vulnerable period of the salmon production cycle are key goals in current aquaculture practices.
Young salmon are often too weak to survive the challenges of disease and sea lice after being stocked in an
ocean environment. Reducing the time in net pens is proving to increase survival rates and leading to more
robust fish that are able to withstand the marine environment as juveniles.
With increasing interest in large smolt in the industry, the AgriMarine System™ is the standard bearer for
this type of this technology. The systems are utilised to produce healthier, larger smolt, up to one kilogram,
before transfer to sea cages. While capital costs are higher than a net system, production costs will be reduced
due to improved feed conversion, lower mortalities, higher biomass densities, improved fish welfare and
lower cost of sea lice treatments. As well, better growth rates translate to faster inventory turns, and thus a
better utilisation of capital.
Right: AgriMarine
System™ V2 British
Columbia
Floating Raceway Technology
The Company is now turning its attention to improvements and innovations. Two years ago, it formed
AgriMarine Technologies Inc. (ATI), the Company’s technology and engineering services arm. In addition to
continuously improving and innovating its own platform, ATI offers design-build services, with a focus on
Clean Tech rearing systems. Its farm serves as a testing base for the new technologies and components that
are under development. Technologies are all tested in “real-life” situations, so those in industry who would
like to adopt them can be confident that they will perform as advertised.
AgriMarine believes that innovation is essential to progress. ATI has developed proprietary Floating
Raceway Technology (FRT) and is now installing its first commercial-scale system. Although raceway
systems have been around for many years, the new FRT design provides the same optimisation of water
quality as circular containment systems and can be deployed in shallower water bodies such as sheltered
inlets, lakes, rivers, man-made ponds and rehabilitated gravel pits. In fact, ATI’s pilot project in Ontario
converted a decommissioned gravel pit into a viable trout farm. FRTs are scalable, affordable and can be
deployed in a short period of time.
ATI is at the forefront of the development of new technologies that seek to achieve economic and
environmental benefits. We welcome industry participants to visit our farm to learn more about our
innovations and to share their ideas and challenges with us.
44 | July | August 2016 - International Aquafeed
FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY
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wenger.com
12/18/14 6:11 PM
FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY #2
A
VIBRATORY SCREENING OF OYSTERS
Seed oyster
production at
The New Jersey
Aquaculture
Innovation Centre at
Rutgers University
(AIC) is a large-scale
operation by any
measure. The 2046
sq m facility next to
the Cape May Canal
in Cape May, NJ,
produces diseaseresistant, fastgrowing seed oysters
for commercial
grow-out, research,
and restoration of
native oyster beds.
by Kason KekGardner, NJ
Aquaculture
Innovation
Centre, Rutgers
University
nnual production is more than 10 million seed oysters to meet customer
specifications, in particular those of East Coast commercial oyster producers.
Sorting by size for counting and redistribution in the “nursery” is a frequent
and essential operation in the seed oyster production cycle. Originally, sorting
with a 0.6 X 0.6 m hand-held screener was a daunting task, according to
Matt Neuman, lead researcher and technician for hatchery production at the
AIC. “It took all day for a three- or four-man crew to complete each round
of sorting,” he explains. “And the added weight of seawater mixed with the
product took a huge toll on everyone’s shoulders.”
The search for a ‘better way’ led to replacing manual screening with a dramatically more productive, mechanical
762 mm diameter Vibroscreen™ circular vibratory screener manufactured by Kason Corporation. With one
operator now completing each day’s sorting in less than two hours, the equipment paid for itself in the first season.
Aquaculture innovation at Rutgers
As the leading research and education hub for New Jersey’s aquaculture community, the AIC studies
and teaches methods of commercially raising seafood, benefiting a wide range of stakeholders – from
aquaculture entrepreneurs and restoration specialists, to governmental resource managers and nongovernmental organisations, to the fishing industry.
Among AIC’s projects is mass culturing of micro-algae using algal photo-bioreactors to increase yields of
biochemical compounds with high potential value for food and pharmaceutical applications, as well as for
shellfish (i.e., oysters) cultured for human consumption.
Seed oyster production: mimicking and accelerating nature
The Eastern Oyster (Crassostrea virginica) is among the shellfish species successfully cultured at the AIC
using a micro-algae diet. The facility has been producing seed oysters from this strain since 2008. Seed
oysters are small oysters, about 2–25 mm long, provided primarily to oyster growers for the half-shell
market. They are also used to restore natural oyster populations or natural ecosystems, and for research.
While natural oyster populations in the Delaware Bay spawn in late June or early July, at the AIC
broodstock (adult oysters which produce baby oysters) are moved into temperature-controlled tanks in
January, given plenty of microalgae food, and are ready to reproduce by late February.
Fertilised eggs become microscopic oyster larvae, which are raised in filtered, sterilised seawater in 5 678
litre culture tanks. After two to three weeks, the larvae metamorphose into juvenile oysters called “spat.”
The growth cycle from spat to seed oysters takes several weeks to several months, depending on their
intended size. Where oysters naturally clump together, AIC’s methodology yields individual oyster “singles”
suitable for the half-shell market.
The first sorting operation in this growth cycle occurs
when juvenile oysters are still under one millimetre in
size, after spending about two weeks in filtered seawater
in large “downweller” tanks, with regular feedings of
cultured algae. Manual sorting in the downweller tank
with a 0.3 X 0.6 m hand-held screen works efficiently for
distributing the oysters at this tiny size to a series of 457
mm diameter “upweller” silos fed by raw seawater and
whatever food it naturally contains.
As they grow, juvenile oysters are regularly sorted
by size, counted, and redistributed in the upwellers to
optimise growth and survival. The number of seed oysters
placed in individual silos is based on volume determined
by sub-samples. At full production late in the growth
cycle, the AIC has 130 upwellers in use.
The AIC supplies some growers with seed oysters
as small as two millimetres for cultivation in their
10: 2 cm size oysters are ready for commercial farmers
to place in the Delaware Bay to finish growing out
46 | July | August 2016 - International Aquafeed
FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY
1
2
4
5
7
8
own upweller systems. The remaining oysters at AIC grow at about a millimetre per week. Sorting to prevent
overcrowding and to separate oysters by size becomes more frequent as they grow, and with the increasing weight
of the oysters, more challenging to sort with hand-held screens.
Looking for a better way
“More frequent” means dozens of sorting operations, as seed oysters grow to eight mm size and larger, with
daily sortings during the last weeks of the growing cycle. Faced with staff diversions for sorting manually, as
well as aching shoulders, the AIC’s Neuman took the lead in researching options. “We looked at every supplier,
and learned that pretty much every clammer in New Jersey uses Kason screening equipment,” he says.
He credits independent representative Chris Dugan for streamlining his evaluation and purchase. While visiting
Kason’s headquarters and laboratory in Millburn, NJ, Mr. Neuman and an AIC staff engineer observed the circular
vibratory screener during test runs using a batch of seed oysters in different sizes. Mr. Neuman decided on a 762
mm diameter model for optimising sorting yields and processing time.
Problem solved with circular vibratory screener
The K30-1-SS Vibroscreen™ circular vibratory screener now in use at the AIC is a single-deck model with four
interchangeable screens sized at 8mm, 6mm, 4mm, and 2mm mesh. Typical sorting operations involve several
screen changes. Mr. Neuman also looked at Kason’s multi-deck models for sorting multiple sizes simultaneously
but determined “they were more than we needed for the scale of our operation.”
The screener’s corrosion-resistant stainless steel construction is essential for the AIC’s salt water environment.
Because salt water is also corrosive to tools, Neuman specified a clamshell lid, quick change option to allow easy
screen changeover without tools.
The deck of the circular vibratory screener is suspended on springs that allow screens to vibrate freely. An
imbalanced-weight gyratory motor creates multi-plane inertial vibration that controls the flow path of material on
the screen surface and maximises the rate at which undersize seed oysters pass through the screen while oversize
ones migrate in controlled pathways to the periphery and through the discharge spout into a small tub. Undersize
oysters exit from the lower discharge into a separate container.
Flow patterns can be adjusted by repositioning a bottom eccentric weigh relative to the top eccentric weight. The
AIC unit was delivered with factory settings of 45 degrees, which Mr. Neuman fine-tuned to 60 degrees, maximising
efficiency for his application. “Adjusting the angle on a bottom weight involves adjustment of only one bolt,” he says.
Oysters are hand-fed slowly from a large funnel into the centre of the screener at a rate of about a litre over 30
seconds. Mr. Neuman’s team is developing a new feed method using a corkscrew design to speed up this process
while controlling the flow rate for a steady feed.
The AIC set up its vibratory screener on a mobile cart and plugs it in where needed. The screener allowed
Mr. Neuman and his team to discard their old upweller hand-held screens, making life easier on the seed oyster
production line. He says, “The new screener has freed seasonal staffing for other tasks, and it allows us to get
bigger seed oysters out earlier, which our growers like.”
aic.rutgers.edu
International Aquafeed - July | August 2016 | 47
3
6
9
IMAGE 1 & 2:
The operator
scoops seed oysters
into the circular
vibratory screener.
Oysters larger than
the mesh openings
discharge into
the container
in foreground.
Smaller oysters pass
through the screen
and discharge from
the lower deck
into a separate
container
IMAGE 3,4,5 & 6:
Sorting operations
typically involve
several screen
changes, which are
completed quickly
and easily without
tools by virtue of
the clamshell lid
and quick-release
clamps
IMAGE 7:
Juvenile oysters,
under a millimetre
in size, spend their
first two weeks in
large downweller
tanks, where
they are fed with
cultured algae
IMAGE 8:
After leaving
downweller tanks,
juvenile oysters
grow at about
one millimetre per
week in upweller
tanks. Oysters
are separated
by size with the
circular vibratory
screener and
redistributed by size
to other upwellers
to optimise
growth
IMAGES 9 & 10:
These 2 cm size
oysters are ready
for commercial
farmers to place in
the Delaware Bay
to finish growing
out
FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY #3
UV TECHNOLOGY IN AQUACULTURE
When designed,
installed and
maintained
properly, UV
systems are
extremely
robust, reliable
and effective.
Pentair Aquatic
Eco-Systems
(PAES) is a leading
manufacturer of UV
water treatment
systems for
use in a range
of industries.
by Michael
Annett, Sales/
Business
Manager
UV Systems,
Pentair
Aquatic EcoSystems
PAES has particular expertise in
designing and supporting UV systems in
aquaculture field applications.
In addition to new installations,
PAES also provides consulting
and support for UV systems
that are installed in existing
aquaculture facilities. UV treatment
has been used successfully for approximately six
decades to treat and sanitise water in many critical
applications.
In this article, we will describe the array of UV
system configurations along with their associated lamp
technologies, to serve as a high-level guide to important
design and operating considerations for UV systems.
UV process discussion
Ultraviolet or UV energy is located in the
electromagnetic spectrum with a wavelength shorter
than that of visible light and longer than x-rays.
When UV systems are deployed to treat water, the
reactions are instantaneous, taking only a few seconds to
occur, without the creation of disinfection by-products.
Chemicals are not required and the associated hazards
of chemical handling and storage are not present. UV
treatment does not alter colour, odour, taste or pH.
As such, UV processes are environmentally safe and
are considered ecologically-responsible technology. The
science behind UV technology is well-established; and
its efficacy is well-proven.
UV systems are trusted in a wide range of industries
including drinking water production, aquaculture
farming and other applications.
UV light is comprised of electromagnetic radiation of
wavelengths ranging from 100nm to 400nm:
UV-A (long wave UV):
315-400nm
UV-B (middle wave UV): 280-315nm
UV-C (short wave UV):
200-280nm
Vacuum UV:
100-200nm
Disinfection
When a UV system is used to treat water, UV light
at the 254nm wavelength penetrates the cell wall of
microorganisms that are present in the treatment water.
The amount of UV delivered to the organism is
called the dose. The UV energy permanently alters
the DNA structure of the microorganism in a process
called thymine dimerisation. The microorganism is not
destroyed, rather it is ‘inactivated’ and rendered unable
to reproduce or infect.
Photo catalysis
Another useful way that UV can be utilised is in the
Enclosed UV reactors
destruction of oxidants that are present in post-treatment
water in the form of residuals.
Ozone (and some other oxidant chemicals) can be
eliminated by the application of UVC radiation.
UV energy in the wavelength of 254nm has the ability
to catalyse ozone into harmless oxygen and water. UV is
very effective at destroying ozone (O3).
O3 molecules absorb 254nm UV radiation and this
absorption causes decomposition of the O3 molecule.
O3 concentrations at less than 0.5mg/l can be eliminated
with a UV dose of 60mJ/cm2. 1.0mg/l ozone
concentrations require a minimum UV dose of 90mJ/
cm² for complete destruction.
UV reactor types
UV reactors for processing fluids are generally either
enclosed or oriented in channels without an enclosure.
UV reactors can be in-line in a pressurised piping
system or fed by gravity without requiring pumps.
Enclosed reactors
Enclosed reactors can be installed vertically or
horizontally, in an “L” shape or “U” shape, or with the
inlet and outlet on opposing sides. They are cylindrical
and can be manufactured from stainless steel, various
plastics and polymers such as PVC, HDPE and others.
Open channel and gravity-fed reactors
Open channel reactors are either installed in concrete
channels or in pre-manufactured troughs, typically
stainless steel or fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP).
The lamps can be oriented horizontally in racks or
mounted vertically, perpendicular to the flow. Open
channel systems can treat very large flows and are
economical if gravity feed is available. Gravity fed
reactors can also be offered in enclosed FRP vessels
with the lamps mounted vertically.
UV lamp technology
UV lamps used in disinfection and photolysis
applications are categorised into two basic types: low
48 | July | August 2016 - International Aquafeed
FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY
Left: Open
channel UV
reactor
Right: Close
up of open
channel lamps
pressure and medium pressure. Both types of UV lamps
utilise mercury which becomes vaporised when energised by
the application of electricity.
As a result, photons are generated in the UVC spectrum. The
following are characteristics of both lamp types:
1) Low-pressure/Amalgam:
Monochromatic emission; 254nm
UV efficiency 30-35%, as portion of Input Power
Medium Power UV-C Output (Input Power up to 320W to
500W)
Long lifetime (8000-18000 hours)
<5mg mercury content on
Mercury vapor pressure = 0.007 Torr
Operating temperature 40-140 C
2) Medium-pressure:
Polychromatic Emission 220-280nm
UV efficiency 11%- 13%, as portion of Input Power
High Power UV-C Output (Input Power 3kw to 30kw or
more)
Medium lifetime (6000-8000 hours)
Up to 400mg mercury
Mercury vapor pressure 100 – 10,000 Torr
Operating temperature 600-900 C (Have Marketing insert a
Sita MP photo)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
The dose required to inactivate the desired target pathogen
System flow rate
Fluid temperature & salinity
Space requirement of the installation location
Power consumption
Heat load imparted on the process
Seasonal fluctuations in water quality
All of these conditions should be considered prior to
choosing a UV design. The most critical aspect of properly
sizing a UV system is the UV transmittance (UVT) of the
fluid being treated. Accurate knowledge of UVT is essential
Low pressure lamp systems are more energy-efficient than
medium pressure systems, but are much larger due to the lamp
size and quantity required to apply the same dose.
Medium pressure systems, however, generate much more
heat, are more expensive to operate and have lower effective
lamp life. Medium pressure UV systems have the advantage
of smaller overall size and ease of maintenance due to the
reduced numbers of lamps.
Both systems are commercially-viable and application
appropriate and effective in terms of disinfection and
photolysis performance.
UV Design Considerations:
There are several critical parameters which apply when
designing or sizing a UV system.
In particular:
• UV transmittance (or UVC light absorption properties) of
the fluid being treated
International Aquafeed - July | August 2016 | 49
FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY
for ensuring that a system will
perform properly after it has been
installed. Unfortunately, UVT is often
overlooked or incorrectly estimated;
which may result in poor UV system
performance. Always consult a
qualified expert or use a good-quality
UVT meter to assure that UVT is
properly taken into consideration.
UV Transmittance
The amount of UVC light that is
absorbed by the fluid being processed
dramatically affects the amount
of energy available to apply the
germicidal dose required to inactive the
target pathogen or catalyse the target
compound such as ozone.
A UVT analyser is used to measure
the 254nm UVC light absorbed across
a 1CM cuvette, providing a UVT
measurement. UVT analysers are
easily obtained and are inexpensive,
valuable tools.
Table 1 illustrates the importance of
providing an accurate UVT reading by
showing the additional energy required
at various UVT values.
Ninety percent UVT is a common
UVT assumption for many UV
applications.
At 90 percent UVT, 36 percent of the
UVC generating capacity is absorbed
by the water being treated.
If the UVT drops to 80 percent there
is a corresponding loss of almost
57 percent of the UVC dose being
absorbed. It is therefore essential to
test the UVT at various times of year
to ensure that the required dose is
available at all times.
Table 1: Illustrates the
importance of providing an
accurate UVT reading
Table 2: Pathogen dose response - dose required for various pathogens
BACTERIA
Aeromonas salmonicida
%
UVT
mj/cm2
at End
of Lamp
Life
Total
%
Loss
100
151.8
0
95
120.8
-20.42
90
97.4
-35.84
85
79.6
-45.56
80
65.9
-56.59
75
55.1
-63.70
Flavobacterium psychrophilum
(Salmonid Bacterial Coldwater Disease)
70
46.5
-69.37
Vibrio sp. (oyster)
65
39.6
-73.91
ALGAE
60
34
-77.60
Chlorella vulgaris
UV DOSE in mJ/cm2
3.6 (log-3)
Pseudomonas fluorescens (fin rot)
11 (log-3)
Listeria monocytogenes
16 (log-5)
Streptococcus sp. (seawater)
Bacillus subtilis (spores)
Vibrio anguillarum
Yersinia ruckeri
BKD (Bacterial Kidney Disease)
20
22 (log-3)
30
30
60 (estimate)
126
155
UV DOSE in mJ/cm2
22
UV DOSE in mJ/cm2
55
29.3
-80.70
FUNGI
50
25.4
-83.27
Saprolegnia diclina (zoospores)
45
22
-85.51
PROTOZOA
40
19.2
-87.35
Sarcina lutea (Micrococcus luteus)
35
16.7
-89.00
IPNV (Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus)
30
14.5
-90.38
Ceratomyxa shasta
25
12.7
-91.63
Perkinsus marinus (dermo disease)
20
11
-92.75
Trichodina sp.
15
9.4
-93.81
Myxobolus cerebralis (TAMs, Whirling Disease)
40
10
7.9
-94.80
Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (freshwater white spot)
100
5
6.4
-95.78
Amyloodinium ocellatum
105
Trichodina nigra
159
Cryptocaryon irritans (marine white spot)
280
Costia necatrix
Figure 1: Spectrum of
light
40 - 170
UV DOSE in mJ/cm2
26 (log-3)
246
30 (log-3)
30
35 (log-3)
318 (log-3)
Water quality issues
Water quality affects the actual UV
dose in several important ways.
First, turbidity and suspended matter
physically shields the pathogen from
the UVC dose, rendering the UV
process ineffective. As a general rule
of thumb, pretreatment to UV systems is generally recommended
and defined as filtration down to 40 microns and 3 NTU turbidity.
Factors which have an impact upon UVT are:
• Shielding – (Turbidity)
•Organics
• Chelating Agents
• Halogen Stabilisers
• Pharmaceuticals
• Water Additives/Conditioners
• Minerals especially Iron and Manganese
• Sleeve fouling
In UV systems, the lamps are enclosed in quartz sleeves to
allow UVC light transmittance, while protecting the lamps from
treatment water.
Minerals, hardness and organic matter can form on the outside
of the sleeves, reducing the amount of UVC light transmitted to
the fluid, thus reducing the dose.
The UV system can be rendered ineffective if enough build-up
occurs. Wiping systems can be employed to keep the sleeves
clean. Periodic manual cleaning of the sleeves can also be done if
wipers are not used.
If a drop in UV intensity is noticed, cleaning is likely required.
End of useful lamp life (EOLL)
Low pressure and medium pressure lamps have a useful lamp
life. Lamp performance degrades over time as the mercury
degrades within the lamp.
The lamp degradation process is unavoidable and eventually
requires the lamps to be replaced. Lamps have life ratings which
vary by type and manufacturer.
50 | July | August 2016 - International Aquafeed
FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY
Depending on the lamp type and manufacturer, the
degradation loss over the lamp’s service life varies between
15 percent and 40 percent.
To ensure the design dose is applied over the complete
life of the lamp, it is best to initially size the lamps for
the 15 to 40 percent degradation loss. In this way, the
lamps will actually produce a higher dose when they are
new and will degrade to the design level until the end of
lamp life, ensuring correct dose for the entire lamp life
period.
Pathogen dose response
Pathogens respond to UV differently and they are
inactivated at a variety of dose levels. When designing for
multiple pathogens, it is critical to design for the pathogen
with the highest resistance to UVC.
The amount of pathogen being inactivated is referred to as
log reduction.
Log-1 = 90%, Log-2 = 99%, Log-3 = 99.9%, Log-4 =
99.99%, Log-5 = 99.999% reduction
Table 2 shows the dose required for various pathogens.
If log reduction is not indicated, this is the generally
accepted dose value for inactivation.
Dose Determination
UVC dose is calculated using an ‘Ideal Reactor’ referred to
as a collimated beam.
A collimated beam is laboratory apparatus that is used to
deliver very precise UV doses to samples of fluid containing
the target organism or chemical that is to be inactivated or
decomposed.
The UV beam is comprised
of uniform UV light
that is easily quantified.
A petri dish is used that
contains a thin layer of fluid
with the target organism or
chemical distributed within.
This is intended to represent
perfect hydraulic design. The
dose required for log reduction
is considered ‘Ideal’ and is
the base comparison for reactor performance
(efficiency) and used to determine inactivation rates of
organisms or chemicals.
Conclusion
UV systems are effective, economical, environmentally
responsible, and low maintenance tools for disinfection and
photo catalysis for aquaculture facilities.
Attention to design and actual operating conditions are
critical to reliable performance. Proper dose, UVT and
EOLL conditions are frequently overlooked or designed
with an unrealistic UVT causing poor performance. It is
therefore essential to consult with a reputable, experienced
UV provider prior to installing a new system or retrofitting
an existing system to ensure satisfactory consistent UV
performance.
UVT testing routinely is inexpensive and ensures that the
system operates as intended; systems can be designed to pace
the lamp output based on flow and UVT in order to obtain
lower power consumption on both lamp types.
Above: Open
channel
systems can
treat very
large flows
and are
economical if
gravity feed is
available
Your global technology process supplier
for the aqua feed industry
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leading suppliers of techno­
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relating to advanced indu­
strial equipment for the aqua
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knowledge of each key process, we can supply a compatible and homogeneous solution
from raw material intake to finis­
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ANDRITZ Feed & Biofuel A/S
Europe, Asia, and South America: [email protected]
USA and Canada: [email protected]
International Aquafeed - July | August 2016 | 51
www.andritz.com
TECHNOLOGY UPDATE
REMOTE CONTROLLED CLEANING RIG - FNC8
The Flying Net Cleaner 8 (FNC8) is an easy operated
powerful, remote controlled net cleaner. It can be mobile
controlled as well as controlled from the control room. The
movements are unique, as it “swims” along the net in the
cage, and cleaning with high-pressure seawater. The lack
of physical contact between the net cleaner and the net
ensures no damages or tears to the net, thus reducing risk of
fish escaping.
The FNC8 is a patent applied principle, ensuring that the
rig is in balance whether it cleans horizontally, vertically or
upside down. This quality simplifies choice of suitable cleaning
direction for any net type.
Cleaning speed is important for the operator, and FNC8 is able
to clean at an incredibly fast and efficient rate – saving both
time and reducing costs.
Flying Net Cleaner 8 standardly includes ROV components that
are easy to clean and disinfect. It is a user-friendly device with
built-in auto functions, sensors surveying the cleaning process,
and advanced camera systems. The new Flying Net Cleaner 8
is prepared for collecting rinsed off organisms.
Twice as fast as the current systems
The FNC8 has a cleaning capacity, which is twice as fast as
the current systems with minimal spread of dispose (ready
for collecting) and surveillance sensors for improved pressure
during the cleaning process. The FNC8 also features thrusters,
which are used not only for propulsion but for placing the
cleaner close to the net without sharp wheels or belts. The
FNC8 also boasts Rugged component and solid and open
construction; making it easy to maintain and disinfect.
The FNC8 is controlled by pilot console and joystick, and the
control unit (Top Side) are compatible with ROV solutions for
net repairing, camera inspection, manipulator and rock drills
HD cameras and monitor; with the FNC8 Standardly delivered
with two HD cameras and two LED lights as standard, although
the FNC8 is capable of accommodating four of each if
purchasers wish to upgrade.
Data is graphically presented with overlay with a transponder
connection to the “Advanced Control” navigation system;
which is easy to operate with auto functions (prepared for
autonomy operations).
Developed by Sperre AS
Sperre AS, a leading ROV technology developing company,
developed the remote controlled net cleaning system. This
company has, throughout many years, developed, produced
and sold ROV (remotely operated vehicle) from their site
in Notodden, Telemark in Norway. Sperre AS products are
widely renowned for great quality and are widely used in the
Norwegian aquaculture industry.
Even though Sperre AS products are known for their reliable
operations, a collaboration between Sperre and AKVA group will
ensure customer access to spare parts and high competence.
AKVA group’s service bases and personnel are available for
Sperre AS’ ROV customers for local and thus quicker product
service. Running time is important for service equipment users,
and through this cooperation, both companies will contribute to
better service experiences for their products.
Adapted high-pressure generators
AKVA group provides and offers service to the high-pressure
generators that have been adapted to the new Flying Net
Cleaner 8. The pumps used are delivered from Kamat or
Hammelmann, and both types are quality products that are
especially adapted to the cage net cleaning environment.
www.akvagroup.com
52 | July | August 2016 - International Aquafeed
kaiwaka.indd 3
STORMFORCE
THE FUTURE OF
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18/07/2016 11:10
International Aquafeed - July | August 2016 | 53
FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY
Vaki celebrates
30 years and
millions of fish
counted
This year marks Vaki’s 30th
anniversary, so they are celebrating
reaching this milestone on several
occasions throughout the year.
The celebrations began at a
private function held in Scotland in
conjunction with the Aquaculture UK
exhibition last month, where guests
had the opportunity to chat and form
new valuable relationships with the
Vaki team and other guests in the
pleasant atmosphere of Franco’s Bar.
Then, a few weeks after Aquaculture
UK had concluded, many customers,
employees, partners, agents and
other benefactors of Vaki came
together to celebrate this milestone in
Vaki’s history.
Professional conference
The conference was held in Harpa,
Reykjavik where nearly 100 people
attended and listened to speakers
from five different countries. The
topic was the status and the future of
aquaculture in the world. The party
That evening was an anniversary
reception in the Whale Museum in
Reykjavík that had nearly 200 people
attended.
A team of highly skilled Chefs
prepared a selection of delicious
international meals from Vaki’s main
markets, including Pisco sour and wine
from Chile, whiskey from Scotland,
fish from Iceland and sweets from
Norway.
Hermann Kristjánsson, founder and
CEO of Vaki held a small talk where
he among other things gave a brief
history of the company. Live music
and entertainment went all through
the evening and was well received by
the guests.
Next stop for the celebration train will
be in Chile at the Aqua Sur exhibition
where Vaki will continue to celebrate
their success.
The company
As a leading high-tech and innovative
company, VAKI have been reinforced
with every challenge in its 30 years
from establishment. Equipped with
their firmly held belief that professional
service and good product training
are fundamental for the success of
the company, Vaki has a worldwide
agent and service network,
which provides full support and
maintenance to customers; with their
largest markets being Chile, Norway,
Scotland, North America and the
Mediterranean.
The Future
Going forward, Vaki aim to continue
as a leader in this growing industry
and a trusted manufacturer to
their customers. Vaki are certainly
looking forward to 30 more years
of continuous innovation and
development and facing the
challenges that lie ahead.
By using both their personal service
and by working in collaboration with
their customers they aim to continue
to expand their product-line and offer
even more features and benefits for
the future.
www.vaki.is
FISA REBRAND
Fish net makers Fisa rebrand following
us$4.5 million investment
Fibras Industriales S.A. (FISA), a global leader in aquaculture net
manufacturing & fabrication, has announced that they have launched
their new webpage www.fisa.com.pe and logo. As leaders in the production, distribution and sales of nets, twines,
floats and ropes for the fishing and aquaculture sectors, they
also have impressive shares in the agriculture , sports, mining and
construction markets.
With several decades of experience in building aquaculture cages,
netting structures for the fishing of diferent species, sports cages and
panels, and more, FISA boast a wealth of satisfied customers that
include MarineHarvest, Copeinca and TASA to name but a few. FISA’s
team of engineers are experienced in both the design and asembly
stages of net production; which they tailor to meet each scenario’s
specific requirements.
As part of the company’s evolution, that has included the investment
of over US$4.5 million in new machinery and net loft over the last 3
years, FISA has recently refreshed their traditional logo in favour of a
newer one in order to provide a “new look and feel.” According to FISA’s Commercial Director, Yoni Radzinski, decided
after careful consideration that it was time to choose a new logo that
provided a better reflection of who the company is today, describing
the newer logo as being, “modern and driven to provide superior
quality and services across the globe.”
Specialised engineers
Fisa’s R & D department has specialised engineers that are constantly
evaluating the efficiency of their products. Equipped with a
modern laboratory in which their engineers continuously measure
all processes, they ensure that their products reach the quality
standards required by the vastly different industries in which their
customers operate.
Among the company’s recent investments are new extrusion lines
for PE & PP, a new depth stretching machine, upgraded their twisted
knotless (Shogun) machinery, have purchased several new knotted
weaving machines and increased capacity for the Raschel knotless
netting production lines.
Over the years, the company has expanded its range of products,
making them able to complete the full range of needs for its
customers, not only in fishing and aquaculture, but also in offshore
aquaculture, agriculture, sports, safety and specialised netting.
All of FISA’s products are submitted to stringent quality control tests
(the company has ISO 9001 certification for entire production process)
to ensure such properties as durability, ductility, rupture resistance,
resistance to abrasion and UV exposure are to the highest possible
standard.
www.fisa.com.pe
PESCA PEX PIPE - THE BEST
CHOICE FOR FEEDING SALMON
Pesca Pex Pipe, the most recent feeding pipe to hit the aquaculture
market, is very competitive both in terms of durability, feed distribution
and maintenance. In addition, Pesca Pex is certified antistatic=10
in 6-10 ohms. Pesca Pex pipe is available from 20 mm and is also
suitable for hatchery use.
Pesca Pex offers many advantages for the salmon farmer. Featuring a
very smooth inner surface, which means less friction and much more
gentle treatment of feed pellets, Pesca Pex Pipe also gives off less
dust and also reduces blower pressure to distribute the feed at long
length. At the same time, the inner surface is very strong and there
will be no gaps and cracks that can lead to clogging of the pipe, as
the dust/pellets cannot sit on the smooth surface; so there will be no
stops in feeding and no repairs of the pipe. The producer guarantees
3 years durability or distribution of 2000 tonnes of feed.
Pesca Pex is produced under very high pressure and high
temperatures and the
molecules are cross-linked during production. This means that the
pipe is born with a memory and returns to its original form after
extreme weather conditions or incidents including collisions with either
a boat or truck.
Major economic benefits
There are major economic benefits associated with the use of Pesca
Pex. The pipe
durability is proven to be at least 4-5 times longer than usual PE pipe.
After installation there is no handling or logistics related to the pipe- so
focus is on feeding the fish- not repairing pipes.
Several Norwegian salmon companies have tried the Pesca Pex and
they are all very satisfied with the performance of the pipe and are
now regular customers.
Pesca Pex Pipe is distributed by Danish company AquaProcess, who is
a well- known supplier of high performing products to the fish farming
industry globally.
www.aquaprocess.dk
International Aquafeed - July | August 2016 | 55
Industry Events
Events listing
n27-29 July 2016
Indo Livestock
www.indolivestock.com
n08-09 August 2016
Aqua Fisheries Cambodia 2016
www.veas.com.vn
n20-23 September 2016
Aquaculture Europe
www.easonline.org
n27-28 September 2016
Humber Seafood Summit
www.seafish.org
n27-28 September 2016
Seagriculture 2016
www.seagriculture.eu
n27-28 September 2016
Summit 2016 – The Future of Farm
Certification
www.summit2016.org
n19-20 October 2016
FIGAP 2016
www.figap.com
n19-21 October 2016
Vietstock 2016 Expo and Forum
www.vietstock.org
n19-21 October 2016
AquaSG 2016
www.aquasg.com
n19-21 October 2016
11th Food Proteins Course 2016
www.bridge2food.com
n08-10 November 2016
The Micronutrient Forum - Mexico
www.was.org
n09-11 November 2016
Taiwan International Fisheries and
Seafood Show
www.taiwanfishery.com
n15-18 November 2016
EuroTier
http://eurotier.com
n28 November 2016
Latin American & Caribbean
Aquaculture 2016
www.was.org
n13-15 December 2016
Algae Europe 2016
www.dlg-benelux.com
n19-22 February 2016
Aquaculture America 2017
www.was.org
n24-26 May 2016
Livestock Philippines 2017
www.livestockphilippines.com
Biomin Announces 2016 World
Nutrition Forum Details
Leading livestock and aquaculture professionals along with researchers,
academics and other representatives from the food and feed industries will
gather in Vancouver, Canada from 12 to 15 October 2016.
‘Driving the Protein Economy’ will be the theme of the 7th edition of the
biennial World Nutrition Forum, the premier animal nutrition event hosted by
Biomin.
The 2016 World Nutrition Forum will offer top industry professionals the
opportunity to ‘look under the hood’ to explore the factors driving the protein
economy, its trajectory and future. Species-specific breakout sessions will
provide a platform to delve further into topics concerning poultry, swine,
ruminants, and aquaculture production.
A top-class mycotoxin expert session will address key research findings and
the application of the latest technologies in mycotoxin deactivation, along
with a second expert session on gut and rumen health and performance.
“Since the very beginning, Biomin has focused on supporting animal
nutrition in ways that privilege natural and innovative solutions for the benefit
of animals, producers and the environment,” noted Erich Erber, founder of
Biomin and president of Erber Group.
“The World Nutrition Forum was created as a platform for the industry and
the scientific community to engage on a host of issues from farm to fork in
order to better face the challenges of tomorrow.”
First held in Salzburg in 2004, the World Nutrition Forum hosted by Biomin
has become the leading opportunity for industry practitioners to share ideas and
exchange knowledge. These biennial summits are consistently well rated by
attendees. Each iteration draws upon the uniqueness of the location, speakers
and participants while maintaining the highest quality standards for both content
and organisation.
For more industry event information
- visit our events register
www.aquafeed.co.uk
Focus on Asia’s shrimp aquaculture
Key players in the shrimp aquaculture sector will gather at TARS 2016. This
opinion-leading aquaculture event in Asia is again sponsored by BioMar.
The sixth Aquaculture Roundtable Series (TARS) takes place on 17-18
August in Phuket, Thailand. Under the headline, ‘Shrimp Aquaculture & The
New Normal,’ TARS 2016 is a platform for discussing the future development
of shrimp farming in Asia.
“BioMar has been a sponsor of TARS since 2013,” says Henrik Aarestrup,
Vice President of BioMar’s Emerging Markets Division.
“We consider this conference to be of great importance. TARS gathers Asia’s
key players in the shrimp aquaculture sector and this is where networking
and open dialogue takes place between CEOs, geneticists, farm and hatchery
managers, integrators, technologists, investors, marketers, as well as
governments, NGOs and academia.”
TARS 2016 will focus on new approaches in Asia’s shrimp farming sector
through presentations and discussions on management tools, production techniques,
updates on research and development and innovative business models.
BioMar is to contribute with a presentation that giving insights into shrimp
farming experiences in another part of the world. BioMar product developer
Camilo Pohlenz will talk about the shrimp farming sector of Latin America,
with its concerns about survival and growth rates but also sustainability and
environmental issues. For this, demand for the development of extruded shrimp
feed types is growing. Mr Pohlenz’s presentation, ‘Sustainable shrimp farming
in Latin America with performance feeds,’ will explain how Biomar as a feed
producer meets these demands.
56 | July | August 2016 - International Aquafeed
Industry Events
AquaSur2016:
the challenges of a fair in the
South of the world
“Innovative Aquaculture under Environmental Challenges”
Sheraton Convention Centre
Lima, Peru
November 28 - December 1, 2016
A
TI
N
RI
BB
E
EAN CHAPT
R
Organised by the Latin American & Caribbean Chapter of WAS
LA
The main exhibition of the aquaculture sector of the southern
hemisphere overcomes the challenges of the climate and of the
environment to offer the best fair experience.
Puerto Montt (Los Lagos region) will be the venue of the
aquaculture world during AquaSur 2016, a city that poses
constant challenges to the organisation to provide a first-level
structure, in line with its status of the largest exhibition in the
sector in the Southern Hemisphere. Four months into receiving
public, the organization already has 85 percent of committed
booths.
Puerto Montt is the aquaculture capital of our country and
between October 19-22 it will become the world center of this
business area when AquaSur 2016 begins.
Deploy the enormous fair that projects more than 20,000
visitors, with more than 10,000 square metres of exhibition, is a
true giant that requires a careful and potent logistics to provide
the best experience for both exhibitors as to the visitors.
“For example, since the climatic conditions of Puerto Montt
are slightly adverse, it is necessary to use generators capable
of running 24/7, to maintain a stable temperature inside the
exhibition site during the whole fair”, explains Juan Pablo García,
project chief of Editec Publishing Group, organizers of AquaSur
2016.
In order to have everything ready at the time of opening its
doors, the advance team of AquaSur 2016 started the work of
preparing the ground, no less than eight months before the event,
beginning in March to prepare the location. “Most of this land
should be compacted with heavy machinery and filled with gravel
to provide a stable platform without variations in its topography,
in this way both the visitors transit, the booths and the different
exhibition platforms will be in an ideal way to receive this
celebration of the aquaculture industry” says Garcia.
As in 2014, the sector where the fair will be located is in the
outskirts of Puerto Montt, which was choose by its closeness and
ease of access from different cities in the south of the country,
and because it allows AquaSur continue its steady growth
recorded since its first release in 2002.
“This growth comes with challenges that we must respond”,
analyses Garcia. “For example we have increased the special
parking area, which allows us to host more than 1,850 vehicles as
safe and comfortable as possible,” the executive added.
One of the most interesting logistical challenges is about the
water supply. “Far from being a major problem, we decided to
implement a complete hydraulic system that will feed areas of
restaurants and meals, as well as services. We are well aware that
the eyes of the aquaculture world will be in AquaSur 2016, so we
are putting all our resources and efforts to provide a high-level
event”, concludes Juan Pablo García, project chief of the fair.
C
AM
ER I C A N &
Hosted by : Ministry of Production Peru
For More Information Contact:
For More Information Contact:
Conference Manager
Conference Manager
P.O. Box 2302 | Valley Center, CA 92082 USA
P.O. Box 2302 | Valley Center, CA 92082 USA
Tel: +1.760.751.5005
Fax: +1.760.751.5003
Tel: +1.760.751.5005
| Fax: |+1.760.751.5003
[email protected]
| www.was.org
Email: Email:
[email protected]
| www.was.org
Lacqua16 A4 ad.indd 1
International Aquafeed - July | August 2016 | 57
5/7/16 6:10 AM
Industry Events
WOC 2016
The world´s leading trade fair for animal production
“Sustainable Ocean Summit” website,
registration and call for abstracts now open
The World Ocean Council is pleased to announce that
the Sustainable Ocean Summit (SOS 2016) website,
registration and call for abstracts are now open at www.
sustainableoceansummit.org.
SOS 2016 will take place in Rotterdam on 30
November-2 December 2016. The theme is ‘Ocean 2030:
sustainable development goals and the ocean business
community.’
Fish & More
Marketplace for Aquaculture
15 – 18 November 2016
Hanover, Germany
Innovations for modern fish
farming and water treatment
New practical approaches
for practical applications
at Forum Aquaculture
Answers to your questions
at the Aquaculture Advisory
Centre
Get-together for the industry
Showcase “Growth in Water”
www.eurotier.com/aquaculture
Hotline: +49 69 24788-265
E-Mail: [email protected]
Organizer
including
Decentral
www.DLG.org
Overall, SOS 2016 will:
• Address the 2016-2030 UN Sustainable Development
Goals (SDGs) and what they mean for the ocean business
community.
• Advance development of SDG targets and indicators
being developed with and for the Ocean Business
Community via the WOC during 2016.
The SOS 2016 potential plenary sessions include:
1.Sustainable development goals (sdgs) and the ocean
business community
2.Ocean executive forum: the multi-sector ocean ceo panel
3.Ocean 2030: ocean industry projections and the future of
the ocean economy
4.European blue growth: eu plans for the ocean economy
and sustainable development, and the role of the marine
strategy directive
5.Investment and innovation for ocean sustainable
development
The SOS 2016 call for abstracts for presentations in the
SOS Parallel Sessions below is also available at www.
sustainableoceansummit.org, via the ‘Program’ tab.
Abstract submission deadline is 31 July 2016.
The SOS 2016 potential Parallel Sessions include:
• Improving ocean governance and marine planning
• Law of the sea: what the development of a new binding
legal agreement means for ocean industries and how
to engage with other ocean stakeholders in balancing
biodiversity and sustainable development
• Marine planning and international waters: shaping high
seas sustainable development through spatial planning
• Marine planning and the north sea: multiple ocean
use and sustainable development in a heavily used,
transboundary sea basin
• Multi-use offshore infrastructure: creating synergies in
ocean industry facilities
• The future of ocean habitation: projects and plans for
living on and under the seas
Conserving marine biodiversity and reducing marine
pollution
• Marine Protected areas and ocean industries: balancing
biodiversity conservation and sustainable development
in an interconnected global ocean
• Marine sound: reducing impacts to biodiversity through
a global, multi-industry approach to marine sound
• BioFouling and invasive species: reducing impacts to
biodiversity through a global, multi-industry approach to
biofouling
58 | July | August 2016 - International Aquafeed
Industry Events
• Plastics and marine debris: reducing impacts to biodiversity by
ensuring adequate port reception facilities for shipborne wastes
and discharges
CROSS-CONTAMINATION
Improving ocean knowledge
• Smart ocean-smart industries: industry data collection to
improve ocean and climate knowledge
Contributing to food security
• Fisheries: ocean industry interactions and sustainable fisheries
in a growing multiple-use ocean
• Pirate fishing: the role of ocean industries, technology and
innovation in reducing iuu fishing
• Aquaculture: advancing sustainable aquaculture in an
increasingly crowded, multi-use ocean
Addressing climate change
• Adaptation: ocean industry collaboration to ensure ports
resiliency for sea level rise and extreme events
• Ocean acidification: advancing ocean business community
knowledge and action
• Reducing CO2: evaluating the potential for responsible carbon
uptake initiatives
• Renewable energy and the ocean: addressing constraints to the
growth of offshore wind and ocean energy
Advancing maritime industry collaboration
• Maritime clusters: progress and lessons learned in private
sector collaboration to advance responsible ocean economic
development
• Maritime accidents: prevention, search, rescue, recovery,
salvage and pollution prevention
• Marine engines: improving energy efficiency and reducing
emissions across the sectors
SALMONELLA
INCONSISTENCY
REGULATIONS
PATHOGENS
DOWNTIME
PROTECT YOURSELF
FROM THE ELEMENTS
PRODUCT CONSISTENCY
PROCESS FLEXIBILTY
VALIDATED KILL-STEP
FOOD SAFETY
VERIFIED EXTRUSION CERTIFICATION
SANITATION CONTROL
Engaging sector developments and opportunities
• Marine mining: opportunities and challenges for a new ocean
industry
• Dredging: environmentally responsible dredging in support of
sustainable development
• Offshore oil and gas: cross-sectoral opportunities from rig
decommissioning and re-use
• Shipping: potential for synergies among green/clean/
sustainable shipping programs
PLANT CERTIFICATION
MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
Creating regional ocean industry leadership
• Arctic: ocean business scenarios and responsible artic
development
• Western Indian Ocean/E Africa: regional ocean industry leadership
The WOC is especially seeking presentations by and for the ocean
business community and will give preference to presentations
from private sector representatives. Proposed presentations from
government agencies, intergovernmental bodies, research or
academic institutions, NGOs or others who are working closely
with ocean industries will also be considered. The final SOS 2016
program will reflect the level of interest in the proposed session
topics. New topics may be added based on expressions of interest
from the ocean business community. The SOS venue, Rotterdam
Hilton, has special conference room rates available for a limited
time. Conference space is limited so register early to secure a place
at this unique, global, multi-industry gathering on sustainable
development and the future of responsible ocean business.
P.O. Box 8
100 Airport Road
Sabetha, KS 66534, USA
Phone: 785-284-2153
Fax: 785-284-3143
[email protected]
www.extru-techinc.com
International Aquafeed - July | August 2016 | 59
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12/22/15 3:33 PM
Industry Events
Food for thought!
Edinburgh to host Aquaculture Europe 2016
Aquaculture Europe 2016 will take place at the Edinburgh
International Conference Centre (EICC) from September
20-23, it will the first time the event is to be held in the UK.
AE2016 is organised by the European Aquaculture Society
with the cooperation and support of Marine Scotland, part
of the Scottish Government, and The Marine Alliance for
Science and Technology for Scotland. The event is Gold
Sponsored by Biomar.
The event theme ‘Food for thought’ means something to think
about, something to be seriously considered and something that
provides mental stimulation and nourishment.
Aquaculture in Europe has plateaued resulting in overall output
remaining more or less constant in volume since 2000. AE2016
will present the latest science to support further development, and
industry panels will discuss key opportunities. It will also identify
areas to encourage further sustainable growth in aquaculture. The
morning plenary sessions will address different aspects of the
event theme in a novel way.
Aquaculture Europe 2016 Industry Forums
Here is an overview and short description of the Industry
Forums being organised during AE2016. Full programme details
will be updated at the AE2016 web page.
Tuesday, September 20. 13:00-18:00 Mentheit Room
Best Practice in Percid Fish Aquaculture
This workshop will summarize the current state of BEST
PRACTICE in percid fish aquaculture, pertaining to reproduction
and on-growing as well as broodstock management, quality
control, training and marketing. Speakers from industry and
applied research will share present their view. Further topicrelated contributions are invited from all fields of technology,
biology, market and supply chain research as well as case study
reports and investment models.
Wednesday, September 21. 10:30 – 17:30 Mentheit Room
The UK Aquaculture Initiative
The UK Aquaculture Initiative is a joint BBSRC (Biotechnology
and Biological Sciences Research Council) and NERC (Natural
Environment Research Council) initiative to support high-quality,
innovative research and research translation within a growing
community of people working together towards a mutual goal of
developing a healthy, safe and sustainable UK aquaculture system.
This cross-research council initiative will bring together diverse
expertise, knowledge, skills and facilities to deliver innovative
approaches to solving industry challenges. In doing so, it will
strengthen the research community to underpin the long-term
needs of industry through interdisciplinary research, research
translation, and the provision of training.
Wednesday, September 21. 14:30-17:30 Lowther Room
Salmonview seminar: Growing larger fish in RAS systems
There is an increasing trend to grow salmon to larger sizes in
recirculation systems – although growing market-sized fish is still
only done on a very limited basis, more and more companies are
looking to release larger post-smolts to sea.
This seminar will look at the challenges and opportunities offered
by the trend, with insights offered by a range of experts – academic
researchers, industry technicians and commercial producers of
RAS equipment – from Scotland, Norway and the Americas.
Thursday, September 22. 10:30-17:30 Lowther Room
EAS/EATiP Day: DEVELOPMENT vs. STAGNATION:
Defining issues and identifying needs
Despite the stagnation in EU aquaculture development, both
in shellfish and fish farming, during recent years, the multiannual plans required for access to the new European Marine and
Maritime Fund (EMFF) set out how European Member States
(MS) intend to overcome the bottlenecks that are inhibiting
growth in their national aquaculture sectors, and provide forecasts
of production growth over the funding period.
Thursday, September 22 10:30-17:30 Lammermuir 2 Room
The use of cleanerfish in European aquaculture
Sealice control is important for the salmon farming industry.
If allowed to develop without control in the salmon farms,
sealice will be a problem to the salmon, and might impact wild
salmonids. The use of and cultivation of cleanerfish started in the
late 1980 ties, but already in 1976 a salmon farmer in Norway
was using ballan wrasse for sealice control in the cages! Through
the 1990-ties, the salmon industry relied heavily on medication to
control sealice, but with increasing resistance developing in the
lice towards some of the medicines many non-medical methods
to prevent and control sealice are under development. Now the
most important of these are biological control using cleanerfishes
such as lumpfish and wrasse. These are partly caught in the wild
and put into the cages, but to an increasing extent coming from
specialized farms producing lumpfish or ballan wrasse specific to
the purpose.
The AE 2016 Cleanerfish Industry Forum will focus on the
actual use of cleanerfish in the salmon industry today, and will
be an open discussion arena where farmers, scientists and other
interested can discuss experiences, new knowledge and also
identify knowledge gaps.
60 | July | August 2016 - International Aquafeed
Industry Events
Thursday, September 22. 10:30-12:50 (General Assembly) and
14:30-17:30 Mentheit Room
The future of trout farming
The British Trout Association (BTA) will hold its annual
General Assembly (for BTA members only) in the morning and
this will be followed by an open event in the afternoon.
Thursday, September 22. 10:30-12:50 Lammermuir 1 Room
Cutting a long story short - Selective Breeding for
Aquaculture - Traits and Tools
The European Marine Biological Research Infrastructure
Cluster (EMBRIC) will be holding a Company Forum
Workshop on the Development of biological resources for the
selective breeding of shellfish and finfish.
The workshop wishes to bring Shell- and Fin-Fish Farmers
together with European Scientists to promote interaction, information
exchange, and discuss the needs of the industry of the future.
Thursday, September 22. 14:30-17:30 Lammermuir 1 Room
Feed for Thought
Organised by the Scottish Aquaculture Innovation Centre
(SAIC) and WWF, the workshop will highlight and discuss
opportunities and challenges in the future of innovation into
sustainable feeds.
Friday, September 23. 10:30-17:30 Lammermuir 1 Room
Aquaculture in Marine Protected Areas
Organised by the IUCN, and following the first workop held at
AE2015 in Rotterdam, this workshop will address the potential
synergies between diverse types of aquaculture (finfish, shellfish,
algae, etc.) and types of Marine Protected Areas (Reserve,
National Park, natural Park, Conservation zones, sustainable
development zones, etc.). The main output of the workshop is to
lay the basis for a short technical paper that covers:
Friday, September 23. 10:30-17:30 Lammermuir 2 Room
The Shellfish Forum
The Shellfish Industry Forum will cover some of the most
pressing issues currently facing the industry. These will include
discussion on the status of UK Shellfish Aquaculture Industry.
The European Commission’s perspective on Sustainable
Development of the Shellfish Aquaculture Sector (Aquaculture
Advisory Committee by EU Commission). Other topics will
include matters around product safety including Norovirus, HABs
and diseases, climate change and biosecurity.
Friday, September 23. 10:30-12:50 Mentheit Room
TAPAS - Tools for Assessment and Planning of Aquaculture
Sustainability
The Tools for Assessment and Planning of Aquaculture
Sustainability (TAPAS) EU Horizon 2020 project (2016 – 2020)
will create cost-efficient management tools and practices for
the European aquaculture sector to investigate the scope of fish
and shellfish farming activity in a location, social interactions,
potential environmental impacts and any future risks. See http://
tapas-h2020.eu/tapas/
The AE2016 forum is for all industry and related stakeholders
in European Aquaculture.
Parallel sessions
AE2016 has something for everyone, with a broad proposed list
of parallel sessions.
WORLDWIDE CALENDAR
2016 - 2018
VIV ASIA 2017
MARCH 15 - 17, BANGKOK, THAILAND
VIV MEA 2018
FEBRUARY, U. A. E.
VIV EUROPE 2018
JUNE 20 - 22, UTRECHT, THE NETHERLANDS
VIV CHINA 2016
SEPTEMBER 6 - 8, BEIJING, CHINA
VIV RUSSIA 2017
MAY 23-25, MOSCOW, RUSSIA*
*May 23: invitation only
WWW.VIV.NET
International Aquafeed - July | August 2016 | 61
VIV TURKEY 2017
APRIL 27 - 29, ISTANBUL, TURKEY
Biannual show proving to be quite the catch
by Andrew Wilkinson
AQUACULTURE UK
Nestled at the foot the Cairngorm
Mountains, amongst some of the most
opulent countryside one could imagine, you
will find the small picture postcard town of
Aviemore. For the winter months at least,
you could be forgiven for thinking that you
were in an Alpine ski resort, as skiers from
all over the world head north to tackle the
challenging North-East Scottish slopes.
However, every other year when the
snow thaws, the two day spectacular that is
Aquaculture UK takes place. Now swelling
to accommodate upwards of 130 thousand
exhibitors, Aquaculture UK took place from
25th to 26th May 2016 at the Aviemore
Highland Resort in Inverness, United
Kingdom.
The very latest developments and
innovations
This event gave those present to view
some of the very latest developments and
innovations in the aquaculture industry.
A truly international event, with industry
leading exhibitors from over 30 countries
occupying a myriad of booths within the
very capacious conjoined marquees, the tens
of thousands of fish farmers, journalists,
industry experts and potential buyers and
sellers who attended were certainly warmly
welcomed to the exhibition.
Now in its tenth year, Aquaculture UK
ventured into new territory as year as 5M
Publishing took the helm for the very
first time. Although former showman
extraordinaire David Mack was still on hand
to ensure that the smooth transition of the
shows ownership took place with as few
glitches as possible.
Heather Jones, CEO of the Scottish
Aquaculture Innovation Centre
presenting the SAIC Aquaculture
Innovation Award 2016 to the
winner Nathan Pyne-Carter, Ace
Aquatec
Heather Jones awarding a
Highly Commended Award
2016 to Noel Halloran, TfI
Marine
Heather Jones, CEO of
the Scottish Aquaculture
Innovation Centre awarding
a Commendation in the SAIC
Aquaculture Innovation Award
2016 to Tom Ashton, Xelect
Roger Gilbert and Tuti Tan from International
Aquafeed with David Mack, former organiser of
Aquaculture UK
62 | July | August 2016 - International Aquafeed
Alex Carvalho (L) and the finalists of
the Elanco Young Scientist Award,
Antonio Chalaris, Morag Clinton and
Ana Herrero.
Xelect, Aubrie Onoufriou, Alicia Berlotti and Tom Ashton
Torkhil Thomsen from Vonin
Delivered with aplomb
Everyone concerned delivered their
tasks with absolute aplomb, with the
show’s layout ensuring that all areas
were accessible and there were no
dead-ends or easily forgotten corners,
although the marquee was very cold on
the first morning. All areas were well
lit but perhaps most importantly, there
was an entire army of blue-jacketed
5M staff on hand to ensure that any
issues were soon ironed out.
Greeting attendees at every stand
were the great and good of those with
a vested interest in the technological
side of aquaculture. Each stand,
as you will see from the array of
pictures that accompanies this article,
was manned by exceptionally well
presented, knowledgeable and friendly
ambassadors for their respective
brands. If you had a question, they
were more than happy to answer it – or
exchange business cards, and in some
cases, even swap a joke or two!
The conferences held in the main
marquee’s annexes were also well
attended and informative, with some
Laurence Millington, Ashley Maxwell from Vortex
Deep Trekker, Graham Sloane and Cody Warner
Xylem, Robert Adam, Roger Webb
Kaycee veterinary products Mike Tudor with Adam Sesemann
International Aquafeed - July | August 2016 | 63
The team from Gael Force
of some really tricky subjects challenged
absolutely head on and without hesitation. In
some cases in fact, some conferences were so
well attended that there was standing room only.
The Gala Dinner occupied the evening
in between the show’s two main days. The
entertainment was light with a traditional
band warming up proceedings before a
flavoursome three-course meal was served.
After the awards were presented, the after
dinner speaker raised a titter or two from the
large multi-national audience, shortly before
everyone retired to bed in preparation for a
busy second day.
The Aquaculture UK team: Simon Leyshon, Nic Caterall, Sarah Walsh and Matt Colvin
Thank you Aviemore, and goodbye
The final day of the conference offered
attendees the opportunity to cement
relationships formed on day one of the
show, as well as reflect on what was for
many a very worthwhile experience. And as
the sun shone on those packing up following
a very rewarding two days, and the 130 or
so exhibitors dispersed across the globe,
only one regret remained – that this show is
biannual, so see you in two years and thank
you Aquaculture UK 2016.
David Hughes, Scott Mackay, Kamil Rosof, Derek Ferguson and Brian Knowles from AKVA
Andrew Pooley, Graeme McQuarrie from Dryden Aqua
The Badinotti stand: Allesandro Ciattaglia with with John Thomsen from KJ
Petter Gunnarstein from Solvtrans
Derek McIntyre, Mads Winkler from Hydrotech
Miguel Arostegui from FFF
Schöeller Allibert Damien Gilbertson,
Darren Parris, Gary Thorpe
Bob Rogers and Rhodri Jones from
DMN Westerhouse UK Ltd
64 | July | August 2016 - International Aquafeed
The Fusion Marine stand: Rhuaraidh Edwards and Stephen Divey with
Jason Dobson, Neil Ferguson and Paul Carter from Dawnfresh farming
Lauren Donnelly, Fiona Macniven,
Colleen MacLean from Ferguson
Tony Gurney
Company director, RMT Tanks and Silos Ltd
At this exhibition we have fish rearing tanks in particular
and water storage tanks. RNT Tanks and Silos Ltd design,
manufacture and supply a leading range of galvanised steel
water tanks, silo storage systems and auger conveyor feed
systems offering an all-round solution for a multitude of
water management storage and material handling needs.
Our company was formed in 2011, to allow for the
continuation of the reputable brand, Brice Baker, a leading
UK manufacturer of grain storage silos, galvanised steel
water tanks and grain conveying systems for over forty years.
Our quality range of low-cost steel water tanks, suitable for
large capacity liquid and water storage, as well as rain water
harvesting. We also have a special range of tanks for fish
farming.
Our target market is currently theEuropean aquaculture
market. We do come here regularly, very time it’s on, so biannually. We don’t really go to any other fish farming related
shows.
International Aquafeed - July | August 2016 | 65
Chris Heeley at the Craemer stand
Mark Slater from Boris Nets
Ana Cassano and Alexandra
Carvalho from Elanco
Vincent Vieugue, Fluid control
My name is Vincent Vieugue I am living in Stavenga and
I work for Fluid control. We have been working for more
than twenty years in the oil and gas offshore industry and
because of the current situation I’m looking to see what we
can actually do for the aquaculture business.
We have some knowledge and expertise that could
eventually help the aquaculture market, so that’s why
I’m looking around to try and find both suppliers and
customers.
I heard about this event as I have a partner that I am
already working with in Bergen, they said that you should
come as this is the place where you can meet the people
really involved with materials and supply rather than just
the biology types of topics.
I need to learn about what kind of equipment system, the
volume that people are buying. So it’s been very interesting
and I‘m learning a lot.
•
VISITANTES
D
• S
U S TA N
66 | July | August 2016 - International Aquafeed
Stefan Dullstein at BOC
Frederic and Aubert
Faivre from Faivre
Yoni Radzinski, Carolina
Oshiro from Fisa
Morten Bjorn, Pentair
Hello my name is Morten Bjorn I am an Aquacultural
engineer, I have been working in the industry for about nine
years, I started out in a small company now I’m with the
Pentair Aquatic Ecosystems.
I am practically responsible for the EMEA region, which is
Europe, middle East and Africa. Basically I develop solutions
and work with the customer’s practical manager during
installation and delivery of the equipment as well as in the
design phase.
Pentair is pretty much a full equipment supplier for land
based aquaculture, we are carrying a lot of different products
that we produce ourselves so we have our own range of
pumps. We also do fully engineered systems and that is where
I am coming into the picture with my engineering background.
So we are able to provide complete system design and supply
of a fully modern rasse farm. We’ve put in systems all over
the world and will continue to do so in the years to come
hopefully.
International Aquafeed - July | August 2016 | 67
Torkhil Thomsen from Vonin
Shai Silvermann and Gitte
Christensen from Aqua Maof
Derek McIntyre, Veolia Technologies.
Hydrotech is part of Veolia Technologies, we do a variety
of water treatment technologies, process water technologies
and water treatment technologies. Hydrotech drum filters
are on of those, but we also do a lot of clarification
processes for wastewater treatment and a number of water
purification technologies as well.
Our business is creating processed water systems and
wastewater treatment systems for a variety of markets; with
the aquaculture market being one of them.
Hydrotech is a regular exhibitor, Hydrotech drum filters
are well used within the aquaculture industry, as are the
systems that are produced by a company called Kruger
Kaldnes, who are based in Norway and they are also a
Veolia Water Technologies company as well.
We are a global company, we are a French owned multinational but we have representation and manufacturing
across the world including North America, Far East,
Continental Europe, Africa – so we have a global reach, so
Aquaculture UK is not the only show that we attend.
Jesper Norgaard Falk-Hansen and Nadia Foraj from Oxymat
AQUACULTURE UK
The Pentair team: Joe McElwee, Kristine Albrechtsen, Martin
Bjorn, Stig Allan Brandvick, Michael Annett
Lift Up/ Jørgin Gunnarsson, Liam Heffernan, Jarle Ragnhildstveit
The International Aquafeed team, Darren Parris, Tuti Tan Roger Gilert
and Andrew Wilkinson talking with Alan Bourhill from Skretting
Ben North, Chris Mitchell and Craig Chapman at the Pharmaq stand
James Checkley at the SAL stand
68 | July | August 2016 - International Aquafeed
Aileen Tasker, Peter Coull, Christina Smith from Steinsvik
Henriette Fennelly at the Norwegian Weather Protection A/S stand
The team at Hendrix Genetics Ltd - Landcatch David Dawson,
Marcel Huijsmans, Louise Curtis, Kyle Martin and Neil Manchester
The team at VAKI: Bjorg Asgerdottir, Hermann
Kristiansson, Benedict Halfdansson
Ólavur Asafsson Olsen,Jóannes Mørkøre and Johmn Thomsen from KJ
Neil Harvey talking to customers at PCI Gases
The team at Steen Hansen: Rolf Mork-Knudsen, Thale Steen-Hansen,
John Skomsoy and Håvardsson Bjorgolfur.
Gary Cunningham and Marcus Sanctuary from Tom Morrow
Laurence Millington, Ashley Maxwell from Vortex valves
Irene Younger, Graeme McWhinnie, Fiona
Strachan from the University of Stirling
International Aquafeed - July | August 2016 | 69
FEATURE
Friends and colleagues
who dropped by the
International Aquafeed
stand for a coffee with
the team
On the opening day of Aquaculture
UK we had the pleasure of Benedikt
Halfdanarson from Vaki visit with
our team. Vaki Iceland is a leading
company in the development
and manufacture of equipment
for both fish farming and riverstock
management. They operate
throughout Scandinavia (including
Scotland), Canada, Chile and
Mediterranean countries. Fish
counting and size estimation being a
focal point
Peter Williams, business development
manager (biofuels) at AB Agri and Dr
Ingrid Lupatsch, also of AB Agri, and
working as it aqua nutrition manager,
stopped by the stand to explain its
company’s range of specialist feed
ingredients. This company adds
value for its partners by improving the
sustainability of food production. It
has a growing portfolio of products
and services spanning poultry, swine,
ruminant and aquaculture sectors
Antonios Chalaris meets with Roger
Gilbert and Tuti Tan. Antonios is a
student at the Sterling University in
Scotland. He has completed his
student presentation under the title
of ‘Bacteria Management in the
Early Life Stages of Farmed Ballan
Wrasse’ and stopped off to tell us
about it and his future prospects
While Ingrid was visiting us, Elisabeth
Sweetman stopped by to join her.
Elizabeth is a director of Ecomarine
Ltd and an aquaculture consultant
based in Brora in the Highlands.
She has been working as a director
of Ecomarine Ltd for a decade.
Elizabeth is a regular contributor to
the pages of International Aquafeed
Alban Caratis with Jean Peignon
from Stirling University. Jean, who
has completed the first 12 months
of a masters student in sustainable
aquaculture at the University of
Stirling, also stopped by our booth to
speak with Tuti Tan. He has worked on
Vietnamese fish farms and with Olmix
in France where he was in charge
of aquaculture developments
taking on challenging research and
development experiments. He was
educated at ISTOM Ecole Supérieure
d'Agro-Développement International
in France
Tom Prins of Aqua-Spark enjoys
a tight moment with Darren
Parris. Aqua-Spark is a innovative
investment fund that is interested in
developments in and around health
and food security. It has identified
aquaculture as an important area
that will experience strong growth
in the coming years. “The small-tomedium enterprises (SMEs) we invest
in are working toward the production
of safe, accessible aquatic life, such
as fish, shellfish and plants, in ways
that do not harm our oceans,” Tom
says.
70 | July | August 2016 - International Aquafeed
FEATURE
Prof Brett Glencross is Professor of
Aquaculture Nutrition at the Institute
of Aquaculture, Stirling University in
Scotland. He poses here with the
image we published of him holding a
fish in a similar manner which formed
part of the interview IAF did earlier
this year. Brett has previously worked
for the Ridley Corporation Ltd where
he was technical manager and the
CSIRO as senior principal research
scientist in Australia until last year
Francis Ellah from Nigeria and Nkechi
Ugoji met with Roger to discuss
aquafeed milling opportunities that
are opening up in their country.
Nigeria, with its ever expanding
population, is recognising the
contribution fish and aquaculture in
particular can make to the supply of
foodstuffs to human diets from within
the local economy. IAF has been
invited to visit Nigeria to report on
these developments!
Guido Picchi, from Mazzoleni SPA
in Italy, was one of a number of
international visitors to pass by the
stand to collect some complimentary
copies of IAF and to enjoy a real
coffee espresso from our Italian
Seaco coffee machine!
Bonnie Waycott from Japan with
Roger is fluent in Japanese and
was at Aquaculture UK to make
connections that may lead to
establishing herself with international
connections and the opportunity to
expand her employment horizons.
Bonnie is a freelance translator and
narrator who was born in the UK
and lived in Japan for five years as
a child. Her interest in marine life
began when her father taught her
how to snorkel on Sado Island near
her mother's hometown in Niigata.
She became a certified diver four
years ago in New Caledonia, and
has been exploring Japan's waters
ever since. Her blog, Rising Bubbles,
is a comprehensive guide to scuba
diving in Japan and also contains
articles on marine-related news and
events.
Tuti Tan from IAF welocomes you to
contact her if you would like a souvenir
copy of this edition of the magazine!
Daniel Lemington from Biomar in
the UK stopped by as well. BioMar
UK designs, manufactures, markets
and distributes feed for fish farming
in Scotland and Ireland. BioMar has
focused on high physical quality
and high feed performance,
which has resulted in a leading
position as supplier to the UK
and Irish aquaculture industries.
Headquarters and production is
based at a dockside location, half
way between Edinburgh and Stirling
in Grangemouth.
International Aquafeed - July | August 2016 | 71
Elevator buckets
Alapala
+90 212 465 60 40
www.alapala.com
Tapco Inc
+1 314 739 9191
www.tapcoinc.com
Welcome to the market place, where you will find suppliers of products
and services to the industry - with help from our friends at The International Aquafeed Directory (published by Turret Group)
Additives
Symaga
+34 91 726 43 04
www.symaga.com
Chemoforma
+41 61 8113355
www.chemoforma.com
Evonik
+49 618 1596785
www.evonik.com
Liptosa
+34 902 157711
www.liptosa.com
Sonac
+31 499 364800
www.sonac.biz
R-Biopharm
+44 141 945 2924
www.r-biopharm.com
Romer Labs
+43 2272 6153310
www.romerlabs.com
Elevator & Conveyor Components
Westeel
+1 204 233 7133
www.westeel.com
4B Braime
+44 113 246 1800
www.go4b.com
Animal Health & Nutrition
Cenzone
+1 760 736 9901
www.cenzone.com
Bags
Mondi Group
+43 1 79013 4917
www.mondigroup.com
Bin dischargers
Denis
+33 2 37 97 66 11
www.denis.fr
Bulk storage
Bentall Rowlands
+44 1724 282828
www.bentallrowlands.com
Chief Industries UK Ltd
+44 1621 868944
www.chief.co.uk
Croston Engineering
+44 1829 741119
www.croston-engineering.co.uk
Silo Construction Engineers
+32 51723128
www.sce.be
Silos Cordoba
+34 957 325 165
www.siloscordoba.com
Enzymes
Ab Vista
+44 1672 517 650
www.abvista.com
GMP+ International
+31703074120
www.gmpplus.org
Conveyors
Vigan Enginnering
+32 67 89 50 41
www.vigan.com
JEFO
+1 450 799 2000
www.jefo.com
Equipment for sale
Colour sorters
Bühler AG
+41 71 955 11 11
www.buhlergroup.com
Amino acids
Evonik
+49 618 1596785
www.evonik.com
VAV
+31 71 4023701
www.vav.nl
TSC Silos
+31 543 473979
www.tsc-silos.com
Certification
Analysis
Laboratorio Avi-Mex S.A. de C.V
+55 54450460 Ext. 1105
www.avimex.com.mx
STIF
+33 2 41 72 16 80
www.stifnet.com
ExtruTech Inc
+1 785 284 2153
www.extru-techinc.com
Event organisers
VIV
+31 30 295 2772
www.viv.net
Satake
+81 82 420 8560
www.satake-group.com
Computer software
Adifo NV
+32 50 303 211
www.adifo.com
Format International Ltd
+44 1483 726081
www.formatinternational.com
Extruders
Almex
+31 575 572666
www.almex.nl
Amandus Kahl
+49 40 727 710
www.akahl.de
Colour sorters
SEA S.r.l.
+39 054 2361423
www.seasort.com
Coolers & driers
Consergra s.l
+34 938 772207
www.consergra.com
FrigorTec GmbH
+49 7520 91482-0
www.frigortec.com
Geelen Counterflow
+31 475 592315
www.geelencounterflow.com
Muyang Group
+86 514 87848880
www.muyang.com
Wenger Manufacturing
+1 785-284-2133
www.wenger.com
Andritz
+45 72 160300
www.andritz.com
Brabender
+49 203 7788 0
www.brabender.com
Buhler AG
+41 71 955 11 11
www.buhlergroup.com
Dinnissen BV
+31 77 467 3555
www.dinnissen.nl
Ferraz Maquinas e Engenharia
+55 16 3615 0055
www.ferrazmaquinas.com.br
Insta-Pro International
+1 515 254 1260
www.insta-pro.com
Ottevanger
+31 79 593 22 21
www.ottevanger.com
72 | July | August 2016 - International Aquafeed
Ugur Makina
+90 (364) 235 00 26
www.ugurmakina.com
Wenger Manufacturing
+1 785-284-2133
www.wenger.com
Zheng Chang
+86 21 64188282
www.zhengchang.com
Palletisers
PAYPER, S.A.
+34 973 21 60 40
www.payper.com
Borregaard LignoTech
+47 69 11 80 00
www.lignotechfeed.com
PellTech
+47 69 11 80 00
www.pelltech.org
Buhler AG
+41 71 955 11 11
www.buhlergroup.com
FAMSUN
+86 514 87848880
www.muyang.com
Biomin
+43 2782 803 0
www.biomin.net
Lallemand
+ 33 562 745 555
www.lallemandanimalnutrition.
com
Rolls
Leonhard Breitenbach
+49 271 3758 0
www.breitenbach.de
OJ Hojtryk
+45 7514 2255
www.oj-hojtryk.dk
Safety equipment
Rembe
+49 2961 740 50
www.rembe.com
Second hand equipment
Sanderson Weatherall
+44 161 259 7054
www.sw.co.uk
NIR-Online
+49 6227 732668
www.nir-online.de
Silos
CB Packaging
+44 7805 092067
www.cbpackaging.com
Dishman
+31 318 545 754
www.dishman-netherlands.com
Training
Aqua TT
+353 1 644 9008
www.aquatt.ie/aquatt-services
Vaccines
Probiotics
Seedburo
+1 312 738 3700
www.seedburo.com
Packaging
Shrimp feed additives
Andritz
+45 72 160300
Visit us! www.pipe-systems.eu
www.andritz.com
Fr. Jacob Söhne GmbH & Co. KG, Germany
Tel. + 49 (0) 571 95580 | www. jacob-pipesystems.eu
Doescher & Doescher GmbH
+49 4087976770
www.doescher.com
NIR systems
Dol Sensors
+45 721 755 55
www.dol-sensors.com
Used around
all industrial
Plants
sectors.
Moisture analyzers
Hydronix
+44 1483 468900
www.hydronix.com
Agromatic
+41 55 2562100
www.agromatic.com
Jacob Sohne
+49 571 9580
www.jacob-pipesystems.eu
Vega
+44 1444 870055
www.vega.com/uk
CHOPIN Technologies
+33 14 1475045
www.chopin.fr
Aqualabo
+33 2 97 89 25 30
www.aqualabo.fr
Pipe systems
BinMaster Level Controls
+1 402 434 9102
www.binmaster.com
FineTek Co., Ltd
+886 2226 96789
www.fine-tek.com
Sensors
Rentokil Pest Control
+44 0800 917 1987
www.rentokil.co.uk
Laboratory equipment
Level measurement
Tornum AB
+46 512 29100
www.tornum.com
Pest control
Hatchery products
Bastak
+90 312 395 67 87
www.bastak.com.tr
Symaga
+34 91 726 43 04
www.symaga.com
Akzo Nobel
+46 303 850 00
www.bredol.com
SPAROS
Tel.: +351 249 435 145
Website: www.sparos.pt
Reed Mariculture
+1 877 732 3276
www.reed-mariculture.com
Muyang
+86 514 87848880
www.muyang.com
Pellet binders
Jefo
Wynveen International B.V.
+31 26 47 90 699
www.wynveen.com
MYSILO
+90 382 266 2245
www.mysilo.com
Ehcolo A/S
+45 75 398411
www.ehcolo.com
Feed
Aller Aqua
+45 70 22 19 10
www.aller-aqua.com
Obial
+90 382 2662120
www.obial.com.tr
Kepler Weber Group
+55 11 4873-0300
www.kepler.com.br
Mondi Group
+43 1 79013 4917
www.mondigroup.com
International Aquafeed - July | August 2016 | 73
Ridgeway Biologicals
+44 1635 579516
www.ridgewaybiologicals.co.uk
Vacuum
Wynveen International B.V.
+31 26 47 90 699
www.wynveen.com
Weighing equipment
Parkerfarm Weighing Systems
+44 1246 456729
www.parkerfarm.com
Yeast products
ICC, Adding Value to Nutrition
+55 11 3093 0753
www.iccbrazil.com
Lallemand
+ 33 562 745 555
www.lallemandanimalnutrition.com
Leiber GmbH
+49 5461 93030
www.leibergmbh.de
Phileo (Lesaffre animal care)
+33 3 20 81 61 00
www.lesaffre.fr
To include your company in the International
Aquafeed market place in print, and a
company page on our website contact Tom
Blacker.
+44 1242 267700 • [email protected]
the interview
Stefan Dullstein
Stefan Dullstein is Head of Industrial Segment – Aquaculture at Linde Gases. Here, he is responsible for management of R&D
studies, market analyses, introduction of new products and training and aquaculture team supervision. Stefan has been with
Linde for more than 15 years working in various water treatment roles and, prior to that, worked in wastewater treatment and
research for the Institute of Environmental Technology at the University of Bremen. He has an engineering degree from the
University of Stuttgart and a PhD in dynamic simulation in waste water treatment from the University of Bremen.
International Aquafeed magazine caught up with Mr Dullstein at Aquaculture UK recently, held this year at the Macdonald
Aviemore Highland Resort, situated at the foot of the Cairngorm Mountains in Scotland.
Linde have many years of experience in the gas
supply industry and have been long established as an
international brand name. But who are Linde Gases
and what is unique to the company that they are able
to offer to the Aquaculture industry?
Linde Gases is an international gas company with more
than 60,000 employees active in more than 100 countries,
providing solutions for the gas industry and any other kind of
application where you need gases, including aquaculture. So
in the field of aquaculture we are developing solutions for the
fish farming industry since the mid 1980’s.
Linde undertakes the research and development of all our
aquaculture technology at our Innovation Centre in Ålesund,
Norway. With its highly equipped laboratories demonstration
tanks, the Centre allows aquaculture technologists to observe
how the latest oxygenation technologies impact farmed fish
development.
Since its opening in 2012 Linde has introduced the capability
to run warm water trials to understand and assess the
performance of its technology in high temperature water
environments inhabited by more tropical species. Additionally,
they have recently installed an external floating dock where
technology trials can be performed in the surrounding fjord.
Are Linde currently developing any new aquaculture
specific technologies, and if so, what are they and
why is their function so important to the aquaculture
industry?
The most important factor for achieving healthy fish is to have
healthy water; thus, controlling the concentration of oxygen
dissolved in water is crucial in aquaculture. Maintaining the
right level of oxygen in water improves utilisation of feed,
reduces fish mortality and reduces the need for antibiotics.
The latest development that we are presenting here is the
Solvox DropIn unit, which can be used for sea cages when
you have low oxygen concentration. Naturally in sea cages,
you would always have enough oxygen from the surrounding
water, but there are certain scenarios where extra oxygen
needs to be added to ensure the fish’s wellbeing.
Are Linde currently in a position to offer a unique
solution to any of the major issues that currently face
the aquaculture industry, such as sea lice?
Sea lice treatment is indeed one of the key applications of
the Solvox DropIn unit. Sea lice are parasites well known to
the aquaculture industry for posing a significant threat to
fish farmers. They can compromise the health of fish, and
damage their host’s skin through feeding, causing lesions
and infections through viruses and bacteria. Though they
occur naturally in the marine environment, sea lice can
represent a particular issue among farmed fish where a
more concentrated population means that infestations can
spread quickly.
In the summer season in particular, low oxygen concentration
results in farmers being unable to continue feeding as they
would like. The impact of sea lice and resulting treatment
also affects the need for additional oxygenation. In Norway,
farmers start pulling skirts around their cages to prevent sea
lice eggs getting into the cages or to give full cage coverage
during sea lice treatment, which means that providing oxygen
to the water is all the more important.
Are you aware of any of your competitors’ products,
and have you shared their experiences of using
them, how do you feel that the solutions that your
competitors offer compares to the solutions offered by
Linde?
We are aware that there are solutions on the market with
perforated hoses, but feedback from our customers is that
they provide poor handling. Based on this, we developed a
solution that can simply be dropped in to the water. Solvox
Dropin can be lowered into the water with a crane from a
boat and is operational within 15 minutes.
The booth here is not big enough for us to exhibit the entire
Solvox package, which comprises the Solvox DropIn twin
kit including two drop-in units together with automatic gas
dosing, power connections for the pump and an optional
oxygen probe fully integrated into the unit. The probe allows
the user to easily gauge that there is the right concentration
of oxygen within the cage.
When do you believe that this new product will be
made available and which markets will it be launched
in? Also, have Linde had the opportunity to test the
product yet?
The product will be available worldwide. We have run trials
in Norway and Tasmania to test it during summer season,
allowing us to hold trials every six months. We are first going to
launch in these geographies and anticipate a global rollout
later in the year.
Other than Aquaculture UK, do you exhibit your
products at any other shows?
We have also exhibited at Aquanor in Norway and look
forward to showing the product at more global shows as the
year goes on.
74 | July | August 2016 - International Aquafeed
PEOPLE
THE INDUSTRY FACES
Stefan Scheiber takes over as CEO of Bühler
A
s announced a year ago, Stefan Scheiber is now CEO of Bühler. He succeeds Calvin
Grieder, who will focus on his role as Chairman of the Board. As a result of this
change, additional executive positions in the Grains & Food business have been
reassigned.
Stefan Scheiber
The appointment of Stefan Scheiber stands for continuity and accelerated change at Bühler.
Stefan Scheiber has been with the solution provider for industrial process technologies since
1988. In the course of his 25-year career, he has led various sales and production organisations
at all management levels in Kenya, South Africa, Germany, and Switzerland.
Calvin Grieder, who has been serving as CEO since 2000 and additionally acted as Chairman
of the Board of Bühler since 2014, will focus on his position as Chairman.
Johannes Wick took charge as CEO of Grains & Food as of April 1, 2016, and is now also a
member of Bühler’s Executive Board. Johannes Wick joined the Bühler Group as head of the
Grain Milling business unit in 2014. Previously, he held various management positions in the
global energy and infrastructure industry for more than 20 years.
Gabriel García appointed CEO of Nutreco Iberia
N
utreco has appointed Gabriel García as the new CEO of its business unit Nutreco
Iberia. He takes over this position from Javier Rodríguez, who passed away last
week. Mr García currently leads Skretting Chile, one of Nutreco´s largest operating
companies, and will take up his new position as of 1 September 2016.
As part of his new position, Gabriel García will also join the Nutreco Executive Committee.
During the intervening period, CFO Angel Martinez Aso will oversee the management of
Nutreco Iberia, together with the existing management team.
Gabriel García
Gabriel García has a degree in forest engineering and holds an MBA. He has been general
manager of Skretting Chile for the past 7 years.
Geir Molvik is appointed new CEO of Cermaq Group AS
T
he Board of Cermaq Group AS has regretfully accepted the resignation of Jon Hindar as
the CEO for Cermaq Group AS.
The Board has today appointed Geir Molvik as new CEO for Cermaq Group. Mr
Molvik has worked in different leaderships positions in Cermaq Group since 2005, and
most recently as COO for Cermaq Norway. When Geir Molvik takes on his new position,
Snorre Jonassen will become Acting COO for Cermaq Norway until a permanent solution has
been found.
Geir Molvik
Jon Hindar will leave his positions as CEO and Board Member of Cermaq Group AS on 4
July 2016, and hand over the role as CEO to Geir Molvik as of this date.
Harper Adams student nets work experience
placement with global aquaculture company
H
Tom Oates
arper Adams University student Tom Oates, 22, is jetting off to Malta this summer for
a three-month work experience placement with AquaBioTech Group, an international
consulting company that operates globally with clients and projects in more than 55
countries.
Tom, 22, from Plymouth, has always been interested in agriculture and aquaculture;
especially as his father owns an oyster farm. During his time out in Malta, he will be working
under Shane Hunter, the technical director, helping in the land lab on food nutrition trials.
Tom is currently doing a foundation degree in agriculture and plans to top-up to a BSc degree
next year. He then hopes to do the Harper Adams MSc Aquaculture course, led by Professor
Simon Davies, professor of mono-gastric nutrition and aquaculture.
AquaBioTech Group will be supporting future opportunities for the aquaculture Masters
programme at Harper Adams University. Two of Professor Davies’ previous Masters students
already work there as full-time employees in Malta.
76 | July | August 2016 - International Aquafeed
Bühler pellets are known for their quality. When it comes to high-quality pellet
production, companies all over the world put their trust in Bühler’s know-how.
We master all of the process steps and will provide you with the respective key
technologies: From drying and milling to pelletizing and cooling, all the way to
bagging and loading. The intensive training of your employees is as much a
matter of course as reliable service, thus ensuring that your machine will have a
long, problem-free service life. Talk to our specialists!
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