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WASTE-TO-ENERGY PROCESS WITH THE USE OF A WGE CERAMIC KILN Why does it pay off to generate energy from waste? Waste energy is energy from renewable sources; Waste energy from installations does not require the purchase of carbon dioxide emissions rights; The price of waste energy is fixed and stable because the cost of its generation does not depend on the cost of traditional energy source products; Utilization of alternative fuels derived from municipal waste for energy-generating purposes contributes to huge savings on costs of waste storage and treatment; Adjustability of the thermal power of the waste energy generating installation to the size of the recipient renders this solution attractive for heating plants in towns with the number of inhabitants up to 50,000, industrial plants and waste water treatment plants. Schematic diagram of a boiler plant with an effective thermal power of 2.4 MW comprising of two WGE ceramic kilns: 1 - Fuel tank 2 - Fuel feeders 3 - WGE ceramic kilns 4 – Water boilers 5 - Sorbent feeders 6 - Bag filters 7 - Exhauster 8 - Chimney 9 - Control room Thermal energy generation in a WGE ceramic kiln Generation of heat energy in a WGE ceramic kiln is based on waste combustion technology in an oxygen-deficient atmosphere that has been successfully applied in western Europe for over 20 years. The WGE ceramic kiln can use various kinds of segregated solid combustible wastes as fuels. Before feeding into the WGE ceramic kiln, the waste should be crushed to a fraction of not more than 80 mm. Fuel for heat energy generation is delivered in closed trailers with moving floor. From the trailer, the fuel is first conveyed to the charging hopper of the ram feeder that feeds fuel to the WGE unit in a pre-programmed time cycle. Thermal energy generation starts with the loading of fuel into the moving grate in the first chamber of the WGE ceramic kiln. In the first chamber of the WGE ceramic kiln, the fuel is combusted in an oxygen-deficient atmosphere. The fuel combustion process produces a mixture of combustible gases containing hydrocarbons and hydrogen, which is eventually combusted in the successive chambers of the WGE ceramic kiln at a temperature of approx. 1200°C with the legally-required gas retention time at said temperature for not less than 2 seconds. Owing to the combustion of the combustible gases at such a high temperature, exhausts produced in the process exhibit values equivalent to those reached in the combustion of natural gas. Slag - the remnant of the combustion process - is removed from the grate to the scraper and then transported to the KP 7 containers. Proper fuel retention time on the grate ensures compliance with the regulations providing for: - total organic carbon content in the slag and grate ashes being less than 3%; - the combustible elements content in the slag and grate ashes being less than 5%; After leaving the last chamber of the WGE ceramic kiln, exhaust gases pass to the water boiler where hot energetic water, which is a source of heat in the heating network, is generated. Operating parameters of the water boiler in the installation allow heating hot energetic water in accordance with the required grid parameters, both in summer and winter. Once exhaust gases have passed through the water boiler, they undergo purification and final dedusting in a twophase dry exhaust gas purification system, by means of a bag filter. The use of dual, dry exhaust gas purification system with simultaneous dosing of sorbents eliminates any industrial wastewater in the installation. Thanks to the exhaust gas purification system, the exhaust gases transmitted to the chimney meet all the emission standards. The entire installation is controlled automatically thanks to the software and imaging of the WGE kiln heat generating installation, beginning from fuel feeding, though controlling the parameters of the generated heat until the stage where exhausts are discharged into the chimney in line with the emission parameters laid down in the applicable legal regulations. Compliance with environmental requirements The instalaltion for the generation of heat energy with the use of a WGE ceramic kiln meets all the requirements applicable to the process of thermal waste conversion laid down in the Regulation of the Minister of Economy, as well as meets all emission standards set out in the Regulation of the Minister of the Environment on standards for emissions from installations. The Faculty of Environmental Engineering of the Warsaw University of Technology issued its favorable opinion on the installation’s compliance with the Best Available Technique (BAT) set out in Directive EU 96/61/EC concerning integrated pollution prevention and control, as well as in recommendations on requirements as regards fulfilment of BAT conditions by the thermal waste conversion installation set out in the BREF document of August 2006. Contact details EKOKOGENERACJA S.A. Al. Jerozolimskie 91, 02-001 Warszawa, Poland Phone: +48 22 622 72 67 Fax: +48 22 627 32 95 e-mail: [email protected] www.ekokogeneracja.com