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PARTS OF A SENTENCE 1. SENTENCE A sentence expresses a complete thought. A simple sentence consists of a subject and verb. Fish swim. subject verb 2. SUBJECT The subject names who or what the sentence is about. Some subjects are simple, identifying only one noun or pronoun. Fish Simple subject swim. verb Other subjects are compound. Compound subjects contain two or more simple subjects joined with a coordinating conjunction such as and or or. Fish and turtles swim. simple subject IMPLIED SUBJECTS In imperative (advice or command) sentences, the subject is an understood you, though it may not appear in the sentence. [You] Understood subject 3. VERB/ PREDICATE simple verb subject Go fish. verb A verb expresses action or state of being. Fish Fish swim. verb (what the subject does, an action) are feisty. verb (what is said about the subject, a state of being) Predicate is the grammatical term given to the verb plus its objects, complements, and modifiers. Fish swim in the Missouri River. predicate DIRECT OBJECT A direct object completes the meaning of the verb. A simple direct object, always a noun or pronoun, answers “what” or “whom.” The fish gave kisses. verb/predicate The fish gave what? The fish gave kisses (direct object). INDIRECT OBJECT The indirect object of the verb comes before the direct object and usually tells to whom or for whom the action of the verb is done. The fish gave their offspring kisses. verb/predicate The fish gave kisses to whom? The fish gave kisses to their offspring (indirect object). 4. PHRASES Phrases are word groups that function as adjectives, adverbs or nouns. They can’t stand alone because they don’t contain both a subject and active verb. Below are some examples: Fish swim in the Missouri River. This prepositional phrase functions as an adverb because it describes or modifies swim. Fish, our new pets, swim in the Missouri River. The appositive our new pets renames the subject fish. Appositives are noun phrases that rename nouns or pronouns. To fish is fun. An infinitive phrase consists of[to followed by a verb (to fish]. This infinitive is a noun, the subject of the sentence. 5. THERE ARE/ THERE IS Verbs ordinarily follow subjects. But this normal order is reversed when a sentence begins with there is or there are. In these cases, the subject follows the verb. There are too many fish in the Missouri River. verb subject The subject fish is plural, so it takes a plural verb. There is one fish in the Missouri River. verb subject The subject fish is singular, so it takes a singular verb. This document was developed by the College Writing Center at STLCC-Meramec Revised 2016