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Resilient Planet Mission 1 Energy in Our Biosphere Energy on Our Planet • All ecosystems need energy to sustain life • The earliest forms of life on our planet got much of their energy from chemical reactions. • Chemosynthesis the making of organic (lifebearing) compounds from chemical reactions. Bacterium in tube worms get their energy from chemosynthesis Energy on Our Planet • Most energy in our ecosystems comes indirectly from sunlight • Planets, algae, and some bacterium use the process of photosynthesis to turn sunlight into sugar to provide living beings with energy. Photosynthesis • Photosynthesis is the process in which plants use sunlight, carbon dioxide and water to produce sugar and oxygen. Chlorophyll • Chlorophyll is a green pigment (color) that is used to convert sunlight, carbon dioxide and water into sugar. plants algae bacterium Cellular Respiration • Cellular Respiration– cells use oxygen to break apart sugar molecules and released stored energy (chemical potential energy!) Energy Cycle on Earh • Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration work together to keep Classifications within Ecosystems • Biotic Classifications – Organisms – any individual life form, ranging from plant to animal to bacterium Classifications within Ecosystems • Species – a class of organisms that share common characteristics and specific hereditary traits Classifications within Ecosystems • Population – the number of a particular species in a specific geographical area Classifications within Ecosystems • Community – different populations of organisms that interact with each other. • Biodiversity– the number and variety of organisms that live in an ecosystem. Classifications within Ecosystems • Predator – an animal that captures and eats other animals • Prey – an organism that is captured and eaten by another a predator Habitats in an Ecosystem • Habitat – a place where an organism can find what it needs to survive, in terms of both biotic and abiotic factors. Habitats in an Ecosystem • Niche – the combination of behaviors and resources that an organism is adapted to exploit. • Competition – when two or more organisms rival for resources. Habitats in an Ecosystem • Carrying capacity – the largest population that an environment can support over a long period of time • Limiting factors – the biotic or abiotic factors that restricts the growth of a population. – Limited food – Limited space – Other examples????? Biomes • Biomes are a way to describe a large group of similar ecosystems. • Land biomes are grouped by precipitation ranges, temperature ranges, geography and the plants that grow in that area, for example: Biomes Biomes • Similar biomes are found throughout the world, each containing many unique ecosystems.