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Ancient World Civ Name: 7.8 Identify polytheism (the belief that there are many gods) as the religious belief of the people in Mesopotamian civilizations. Big Ideas Essential Question: Who were the ancient Sumerians? What did they believe in? Sumer 3500 BC -3000 BC A region of city-_states_ that formed the_first_civilization of human existence located in Mesopotamia. City States Each Sumerian city-state was _independent_ (they _shared a common _culture_) Beliefs (religion) Practiced _polytheism_: the belief in many_ gods -God’s represented different aspects of _nature Example ( Sun, Water, River, Sky) _deities : supernatural _beings with powers_over nature. (often represented by _statues_) mythology -stories of the Gods influence that explained people’s beliefs and answered questions about creation and existence. Architecture Ziggurat: giant _temple/_pyramid shines to worship gods (terraced) -_politcal_, _cultural_ and _religious_ headquarters. (God’s descended_ to earth through Ziggurats as a _stairway_) High Priests (_Ensi_) -Ensi ( _mediators between _Gods and _people) -Controlled all functions of the city (including irrigation_methods) and surplus control Write a Summary Paragraph: What did the Sumerians believe in? What are some examples of their religious worship and mythology? Sumerian Gods An: god of heaven, the firmament Enlil: god of the air (from Lil = Air); patron deity of Nippur Enki: god of freshwater, male fertility, and knowledge; patron deity of Eridu Ereshkigal: goddess of the underworld, Kigal or Irkalla Inanna: goddess of warfare, female fertility, and sexual love; matron deity of Uruk Nammu was the primeval sea (Engur), who gave birth to An (heaven) and Ki (earth) and the first deities; eventually became known as the goddess Tiamat Ninhursag: goddess of the earth Nanna: god of the moon; one of the patron deities of Ur Ningal: wife of Nanna [13] Ninlil: an air goddess and wife of Enlil; one of the matron deities of Nippur; she was believed to reside in the same temple as Enlil Ninurta: god of war, agriculture, one of the Sumerian wind gods; patron deity of Girsu, and one of the patron deities of Lagash Utu: god of the sun at the E-babbar temple of Sippar This picture shows Enlil as the Supreme God