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8th Grade Science Learning Targets Standard Earth Science Target # ES-8-1-1 ES-8-2-1 ES-8-3-1 ES-8-4-1 ES-8-5-1 ES-8-6-1 ES-8-7-1 ES-8-8-1 ES-8-9-1 ES-9-9-2 ES-8-10-1 ES-8-11-1 ES-8-12-1 ES-8-13-1 ES-8-14-1 ES-8-15-1 Learning Target I can explain that objects in the solar system are in regular and predictable motions an explain these motions in terms of days, years, season, eclipses, tides and moon cycles. I can describe that gravity is the major force in the solar system that keeps the planets in orbit around the sun. I can compare the orbits and composition of comets and asteroids with that of the Earth. I can describe the effect that asteroids or meteoroids have when moving through space and sometimes entering planetary atmospheres (e.g., meteor-“shooting star” and meteorite). I can explain that the universe consists of billions of galaxies that are classified by shape. I can use light years to explain distances between stars (interstellar distances). I can examine the life cycle of a star and predict the next likely stage of a star. I can name and describe tools used to study the universe (e.g., telescopes, probes, satellites and spacecraft). I can list and describe the layers of the earth’s interior. I can explain the top layers of the earth are broken into tectonic plate which ride on a current of magma in the upper mantle. I can explain that most major geological events (e.g., earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, hot spots and mountain building) result from plate motion. I can use models to investigate and explore the size and shape of Earth, its surface and its interior (e.g., globes topographic maps, satellite images). I can explain that thermal energy causes rocks to continuously cycle (through the rock cycle) which drives plate motion. I can describe how landforms are destroyed (e.g., weathering, erosion) and created (e.g., crustal deformation, volcanic eruptions and deposition of sediment). I can explain that folding, faulting and uplifting can rearrange the rock layers so the youngest is not always found on top. I can illustrate how the three primary types of pate boundaries (transform, divergent and convergent) cause different landforms (e.g., mountains, volcanoes and ocean trenches). Compiled by Darke County ESC ©2008 8th Grade Science Learning Targets Standard Life Science Target # LS-8-1-1 LS-8-2-1 LS-8-3-1 LS-8-4-1 LS-8-5-1 Physical Science PS-8-1-1 PS-8-2-1 PS-8-3-1 PS-8-4-1 PS-8-5-1 Science & Tech ST-8-1-1 ST-8-2-1 ST-8-3-1 ST-8-4-1 Learning Target I can describe that asexual reproduction limits the spread of harmful characteristics. I can recognize that in sexual reproduction new combinations of traits are produced which may increase or decrease an organism’s chances of survival. I can explain how the differences in structure, behavior or bodily processes allow some organisms to reproduce and survive more successfully in a particular environment. I can explain the adaptations of species happen slowly over many generations (e.g., fossil record). I can give examples of organisms that became extinct and explain why. I can describe how the change in the position (motion) of an object is always judged and described by comparing it to a reference point. I can explain that motion describes the change in the position of an object (speed and direction) as time changes. I can explain and give an example of how an unbalanced force acting on an object changes its speed and/or direction. I can illustrate examples where waves transfer energy. I can explain and give examples that show how vibrations in materials produce waves that spread out in all directions from the source of the vibration. I can explain how science and technology have advanced through the contributions of many different people in different cultures at different times in history. I can describe how choices involving using technology are affected by limitations/constraints caused by many factors that cannot be avoided (e.g., geographic location, limited resources, etc.) I can design and build a product or create a solution to a problem given more than two limitations/constraints (e.g., limits of cost and time for design and production, supply of materials and environmental effects). I can evaluate the overall effectiveness of a product design or solution. Compiled by Darke County ESC ©2008 8th Grade Science Learning Targets Standard Scientific Inquiry Target # SI-8-1-1 SI-8-1-2 SI-8-2-1 SI-8-3-1 SI-8-4-1 Scientific Ways of Knowing SK-8-1-1 SK-8-2-1 Learning Target I can choose the appropriate tools or instruments to complete a scientific investigation. I can use appropriate safety procedures to complete a scientific investigation. I can describe the concepts of sample size and control and explain how these affect scientific investigations. I can read, construct and interpret data produced by myself and others in written and oral forms. I can apply appropriate math skills to interpret quantitative data (e.g., mean, median and mode). I can identify the difference between description (e.g., observation and summary) and explanation (e.g., inference, prediction, significance and importance). I can explain why it is important to examine data objectively and not let bias affect observations. Compiled by Darke County ESC ©2008