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BI 200 - Exam #2B
Spring 2002
Name
Lab Section
Disclaimer
Consider each question, and answer each in the appropriate format (e.g., multiple choice).
You may qualify your answer if you have reservations. If your comments have merit,
you may receive partial or full credit.
1. Which of the following bacteria most closes resembles mitochondria with regards to
its electron transport chain?
a.
b.
c.
d.
the obligate aerobe Paracoccus
the cyanobacterium Anabaena
the spore former Bacillus
the archaean Methanosarcina
2. Which of the following bacteria is most similar to the forerunner of the
hydrogenosome found in anaerobic protozoa?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Methanosarcina
Hydrogenobacter
Clostridium
Alcalignenes
3. Stromatolites dating back 2 billion years, when oxygen first appeared in the
atmosphere, are rich in fossilized bacteria resembling modern
a.
b.
c.
d.
Methanogens
Cyanobacteria
Green algae
Amoeba
4. Which of the following bacteria ferments sugars to lactic acid as the sole end product?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Lactobacillus
Zymomonas
Clostridium
Escherichia
5. Which of the following is a bacterium that ferments sugars to ethanol and CO2?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Lactobacillus
Zymomonas
Saccharomyces
Escherichia
BI 200 - Exam #2A
Spring 2002
Name
Lab Section
Disclaimer
Consider each question, and answer each in the appropriate format (e.g., multiple choice).
You may qualify your answer if you have reservations. If your comments have merit,
you may receive partial or full credit.
1. Which of the following bacteria most closes resembles the chloroplast with regards to
its photosynthetic activity?
a.
b.
c.
d.
the obligate aerobe Paracoccus
the cyanobacterium Anabaena
the spore former Bacillus
the archaean Methanosarcina
2. Which of the following bacteria is most similar to the forerunner of the
hydrogenosome found in anaerobic protozoa?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Methanosarcina
Hydrogenobacter
Clostridium
Alcalignenes
3. Stromatolites dating back 2 billion years, when oxygen first appeared in the
atmosphere, are rich in fossilized bacteria resembling modern
a.
b.
c.
d.
Methanogens
Cyanobacteria
Green algae
Amoeba
4. Which of the following bacteria ferments sugars to lactic acid as the sole end product?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Lactobacillus
Zymomonas
Clostridium
Escherichia
5. Which of the following is a eukaryote that ferments sugars to ethanol and CO2?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Lactobacillus
Zymomonas
Saccharomyces
Escherichia
6. Which of the following is an obligate aerobe?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Alcalignenes
Escherichia
Clostridium
none of the above
all of the above
7. Which of the following is not a lithotroph?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Desulfovibrio growing on lactate and sulfate
Beggiatoa growing on H2S and O2
Thiobacillus growing on Fe3+ and O2
Sulfolobus growing on H2S and O2
8. Which of the following is a eukaryote?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Streptococcus
Rhodospirillum
Methanosarcina
Saccharomyces
9. Which of the following organisms is a photosynthetic archaea?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Oscillatoria
Chromatium
Euglena
Halobacterium
10. Which of the following organisms carries out oxygenic photosynthesis?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Anabaena
Chromatium
Rhodospirillum
Halobacterium
11. Which of the following uses H2S as electron donor for photoautotrophic growth?
(There are two possible correct answers; chose either one, but only one)
a.
b.
c.
d.
Chlorobium
Chromatium
Rhodospirillum
Chloroflexus
6. Which of the following is an obligate anaerobe?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Alcalignenes
Escherichia
Methanosarcina
none of the above
all of the above
7. Which of the following is not a lithotroph?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Desulfovibrio growing on lactate and sulfate
Beggiatoa growing on H2S and O2
Thiobacillus growing on Fe3+ and O2
Sulfolobus growing on H2S and O2
8. Which of the following is an archaea?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Streptococcus
Rhodospirillum
Methanosarcina
Saccharomyces
9. Which of the following organisms is a photosynthetic archaea?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Oscillatoria
Chromatium
Euglena
Halobacterium
10. Which of the following organisms carries out oxygenic photosynthesis?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Anabaena
Chromatium
Rhodospirillum
Halobacterium
11. Which of the following does not use H2S as electron donor for photoautotrophic
growth? (There are two possible correct answers; chose either one, but only one)
a.
b.
c.
d.
Chlorobium
Chromatium
Rhodospirillum
Chloroflexus
12. Which of the following reduces nitrate (NO3-) to nitrite (NO2-)?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Pseudomonas
Nitrobacter
Nitrosomonas
Escherichia
13. Which of the following oxidizes ammonia (NH3) to nitrite (NO2-)?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Pseudomonas
Nitrobacter
Nitrosomonas
Escherichia
14. Which of the following organisms oxidizes H2S to H2SO4 at very low pH?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Desulfovibrio
Beggiatoa
Thiobacillus
Chromatium
15. All of the following carry out anaerobic respiration except
a.
b.
c.
d.
Desulfovibrio
Geobacter
Methanosarcina
Hydrogenobacter
16. Which of the following carry out anaerobic respiration using iron (Fe3+) as terminal
electron acceptor? (There are two possible correct answers; chose either one, but only
one)
a.
b.
c.
d.
Leptothrix
Geobacter
Gallionella
Shewanella
17. The bacterium associated with acid mine drainage is
a.
b.
c.
d.
Thiobacillus
Hydrogenobacter
Geobacter
Lactobacillus
12. Which of the following reduces nitrate (NO3-) to nitrite (N2)?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Pseudomonas
Nitrobacter
Nitrosomonas
Escherichia
13. Which of the following oxidizes nitrite (NO2-) to nitrate (NO3-)?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Pseudomonas
Nitrobacter
Nitrosomonas
Escherichia
14. Which of the following organisms oxidizes H2S to H2SO4 at neutral pH?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Desulfovibrio
Beggiatoa
Thiobacillus
Chromatium
15. All of the following carry out anaerobic respiration except
a.
b.
c.
d.
Desulfovibrio
Geobacter
Methanosarcina
Hydrogenobacter
16. Which of the following carry out iron-oxidation using iron (Fe2+) as electron donor?
(There are two possible correct answers; chose either one, but only one)
a.
b.
c.
d.
Leptothrix
Geobacter
Gallionella
Shewanella
17. The bacterium associated with the fermentation of dairy products is
a.
b.
c.
d.
Thiobacillus
Hydrogenobacter
Geobacter
Lactobacillus
18. The bacterium associated with denitrification is
a. Pseudomonas
b. Nitrobacter
c. Nitrosomonas
d. Escherichia
19. Which of the following is your favorite microorganism?
a. Methanosarcina
b. Nitrobacter
c. Geobacter
d. Escherichia
20. Which of the following is your least favorite microorganism?
a. Methanosarcina
c. Bacillus anthracis
b. Staphylococcus aureus
d. Streptococcus pyogenes
True/False. Indicate the validity of these statements by writing the whole word TRUE or
the whole word FALSE before each of these statements. 1 point each.
__________21. Enzymes are protein catalysts.
__________22. Enzymes are consumed during the course of a reaction.
__________23. In an oxidation-reduction reaction electrons are transferred from the
reduced form of one couple to the oxidized form of a more positive
couple.
__________24. Chlorophyll and cytochromes both contain porphoryn (tetrapyrole) ring
structures.
__________25. Bacteriochlorophyll and chlorophyll differ greatly in their structure, but
absorb the same type of light.
__________26. Heterocysts are specialized cells in cyanobacteria that are involved in
nitrogen fixation.
__________27. Coenzyme A is involved with electron transfer, while NAD+ is involved
in transfer of carbon atoms.
__________28. The net result of proton extrusion through the membrane is acidification
of the cytoplasm.
__________29. Metabolism involves two basic kinds of chemical transformations,
building up (biosynthetic) processes, called anabolism, and breaking
down processes, called catabolism, which usually result in energy release.
__________30. When sulfate-reducing bacteria reduce SO42- to cysteine, this is called
assimilatory sulfate-reduction.
18. The bacterium associated with denitrification drainage is
a. Pseudomonas
b. Nitrobacter
c. Nitrosomonas
d. Escherichia
19. Which of the following is your favorite microorganism?
a. Methanosarcina
b. Nitrobacter
c. Geobacter
d. Escherichia
20. Which of the following is your least favorite microorganism?
a. Methanosarcina
c. Bacillus anthracis
b. Staphylococcus aureus
d. Streptococcus pyogenes
True/False. Indicate the validity of these statements by writing the whole word TRUE or
the whole word FALSE before each of these statements. 1 point each.
__________21. Enzymes are protein catalysts.
__________22. Enzymes are neither consumed nor produced during the course of a
reaction.
__________23. In an oxidation-reduction reaction electrons are transferred from the
reduced form of one couple to the oxidized form of a more negative
couple.
__________24. Chlorophyll contains Mg, while cytochromes contain Fe.
__________25. Bacteriochlorophyll and chlorophyll differ slightly in their structure,
but absorb very different types of light.
__________26. Heterocysts are specialized cells in cyanobacteria that are involved in
CO2 fixation.
__________27. Coenzyme A is involved with transfer of carbon atoms, while NAD+ is
involved in electron transfer.
__________28. The net result of proton extrusion through the membrane is
acidification of the medium.
__________29. Metabolism involves two basic kinds of chemical transformations,
building up (biosynthetic) processes, called anabolism, and breaking
down processes, called catabolism, which usually result in energy
release.
__________30. When sulfate-reducing bacteria reduce SO42- to H2S, this is called
assimilatory sulfate-reduction.
Matching. Match the structure or enzyme on the right to
the description on the left that is most appropriate. There
is only one best answer. 1 point each
________ 41. Green sulfur bacterium photosythentic
membrane structure.
A. Carboxysome
B. Gas vessicle
________ 42. Substrate oxidation enzyme in
Nitrosomonas.
________ 43. Photosynthetic pigment in Halobacterium
halobium.
C. Chlorosome
D. Bacteriorhodopsin
E. Rusticyanin
________ 44. Fluorescent cofactor in Methanogens.
________ 45. Key enzyme in the reductive stage of
fermentation by yeast.
F. Ammonium
monoxygenase
G. Hydrogenosome
________ 46. Helps photosynthetic bacteria float.
H. Hydrogenase
________ 47. Putative endosymbiotic organelle found in
some anaerobic protozoa.
________ 48. Membrane bound sack rich in the
RuBisCo enzyme.
________ 49. Substrate oxidation enzyme in
Thiobacillus ferroxidans
________ 50. 2H+ + 2 e-  H2
I. Alcohol
dehydrogenase
J. F420
Matching. Match the structure or enzyme on the right to
the description on the left that is most appropriate. There
is only one best answer. 1 point each
________ 41. Green sulfur bacterium photosythentic
membrane structure.
A. Carboxysome
B. Gas vessicle
________ 42. Substrate oxidation enzyme in
Nitrosomonas.
________ 43. Photosynthetic pigment in Halobacterium
halobium.
C. Chlorosome
D. Bacteriorhodopsin
E. Rusticyanin
________ 44. Fluorescent cofactor in Methanogens.
________ 45. Key enzyme in the reductive stage of
fermentation by yeast.
F. Ammonium
monoxygenase
G. Hydrogenosome
________ 46. Helps photosynthetic bacteria float.
H. Hydrogenase
________ 47. Putative endosymbiotic organelle found in
some anaerobic protozoa.
________ 48. Membrane bound sack rich in the
RuBisCo enzyme.
________ 49. Substrate oxidation enzyme in
Thiobacillus ferroxidans
________ 50. 2H+ + 2 e-  H2
I. Alcohol
dehydrogenase
J. F420
Short answer/ Explanations
51. Bacteria can make energy in many ways: fermentation, respiration, photosynthesis,
etc. Name three ways that they spend their energy. 3 points
A.
B.
C.
52. (5 points) Describe the second stage of chemical evolution. What were the
monomers that came together to form biological polymers? Name the polymers formed.
Describe how these reactions might have taken place. What kind of reaction is involved?
Describe how this theory has been tested.
Short answer/ Explanations
51. Bacteria can make energy in many ways: fermentation, respiration, photosynthesis,
etc. Name three ways that they spend their energy. 3 points
A.
B.
C.
52. (5 points) Describe the first stage of chemical evolution. What were the small
molecules that came together to form organic compounds that are the monomers for
biological polymers? What gas was missing from the atmosphere? Name the monomers
(but not the polymers) formed. What were the energy sources for the process. Describe
how this theory has been tested.
53. Give 4 lines of evidence that suggest that mitochondria and chloroplasts arose from
endosymbiosis.
A.
B.
C.
D.
54. Give the average oxidation number for the element underlined in each of the
following compounds. 1 point each.
N2
C2H4O2
HNO2
H2S
55. Indicate if each of the following redox couples is written correctly (yes or no). 1
point each.
Couple
Midpoint Potential
_____H+/H2
-0.41
_____ NADH /NAD+
-0.32
_____C2H4O2/CO2
-0.29
_____ CH4/CO2
-0.24
_____Fe3+/Fe2+
+0.77
_____O2/H2O
+0.82
53. Give 4 lines of evidence that suggest that mitochondria and chloroplasts arose from
endosymbiosis.
A.
B.
C.
D.
54. Give the average oxidation number for the element underlined in each of the
following compounds. 1 point each.
N2
C2H4O2
HNO2
H2S
55. Indicate if each of the following redox couples is written correctly (yes or no). 1
point each.
Couple
Midpoint Potential
_____H+/H2
-0.41
_____ NADH /NAD+
-0.32
_____C2H4O2/CO2
-0.29
_____ CO2 /CH4
-0.24
_____Fe3+/Fe2+
+0.77
_____O2/H2O
+0.82
56. Given the midpoint potentials in the previous table, which oxidation-reduction
reaction could provide the most energy for growth per electron transferred? (2 points)
Indicate how electrons are being transferred between couples (2 points), and calculate
potential energy change (in volts) each electron experiences (2 points).
a. 4 H2 + CO2  CH4 + 2 H2O
b. CH4 + 2 O2  CO2 + 2 H2O
57. A protonophore, such as dinitrophenol, creates wholes in membranes allowing
protons to pass back and forth freely. This makes generating a proton gradient
impossible. Indicate if dinitrophenol would inhibit the growth of the following bacteria
by writing YES (inhibition occurs) or NO (does not affect ATP sythesis) before each
case. 1 point each
_____ An archaen carrying out photosynthesis
_____ An oxygenic phototroph
_____ A lithotroph oxidizing H2
_____ A fermentative bacterium carrying out glycolysis
_____ An anoxygenic phototroph
_____ An obligate aerobe carrying out respiration
58. Use one of the following terms that describes best the metabolism of the
microorganism in each case. Answer any ancillary questions. 1 point per response.
Chemoorganoheterotroph
Photoautotroph
Chemolithoautotroph
Photoheterotroph
a. A cyanobacterium growing by oxygenic photosynthesis, using CO2 as its sole source
of carbon. (What is its external electron donor?)
b. A purple non-sulfur bacterium growing by anoxygenic photosynthesis, using fumarate
C4H4O4 as its source of carbon.
c. A yeast fermenting glucose.
d. Thiobacillus oxidizing H2S and reducing O2, using CO2 as its sole source of carbon.
(Is this anaerobic or aerobic respiration?)
58. Use one of the following terms that describes best the metabolism of the
microorganism in each case. Answer any ancillary questions. 1 point per response.
Chemoorganoheterotroph
Photoautotroph
Chemolithoautotroph
Photoheterotroph
a. A cyanobacterium growing by oxygenic photosynthesis, using CO2 as its sole source
of carbon.
b. A purple sulfur bacterium growing by anoxygenic photosynthesis, using CO2 as its
source of carbon. (What is its external electron donor?)
c. A yeast fermenting glucose.
d. Desulfovibrio growing on lactate (C3H6O3) and sulfate (SO42-). (Is this anaerobic or
aerobic respiration?)
Bonus
1. Which of the following statements best describes the occurrence of thermophilic
organisms among the three lines of descent?
a. Thermophilic organisms appear only in the bacteria
b. Thermophilic organism are equally distributed among the archaea, bacteria, and
eukarya
c. Thermophilic organism occur among the archaea, bacteria, and eukarya, with archaea
including the most extreme examples
d. Microbes can’t grow at temperatures much higher than 98 oF
2. The upper temperature limit on growth of microorganisms discovered so far seems to
be
a. 98 oF
b. 165 oC
c. 212 oC
d. 235 oC
3. Study of thermophilic bacteria from hot springs and other places around the world has
led to
a. the idea that life was possible in the early history of the Earth when temperatures were
much higher.
b. the discovery of a third form of life – archaea
c. the complete sequencing of DNA from thermophiles and other organisms
d. the use of heat-stable enzymes in biotechnology
e. All of the above
4. Which of the following is a microbiologist from the University of Illinois who is
credited with discovering the archaea?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Dr. Thomas D. Brock
Dr. William Schopf
Dr. Carl R. Woese
Dr. Norman Pace.
5. Which of the following is a microbiologist from the University of Wisconsin that
pioneered the study of thermophilic bacteria in hot springs?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Dr. Thomas D. Brock
Dr. William Schopf
Dr. Carl R. Woese
Dr. Norman Pace.