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Institution: Catholic College of Mandeville Programme: Bachelors in Education (Primary) Course: Abnormal Psychology Task: You are the director of a large health center that provides services for all types of disorders. With limited resources critically assess three (3) services you would give highest priority Student’s Name: Tavane Brooks-Barrett Lecturer’s Name: Carline Campbell Date Submitted: November 30, 2015 Professor Fred Hickling of the University of the West Indies in Jamaica, in an interview on Television Jamaica done September 2013, has revealed that almost one-half of the population suffer from varying degrees of personality disorders. Due to this information it is evident that there is a need for a large health center designed to provide services for all types of disorders. These services may range from psychoeducation, physiotherapy, medical care, gym care and counselling which includes cognitive behavioural therapy, psychiatric rehabilitation and occupational therapy. This paper examines three (3) services that I will give highest priority as the director of a large health center providing services for all types of disorders. The services being offered at the health center includes psychoeducation, counselling and medical care. Howells & Livia (1984) asserts that, “Many disorders cannot be cured, however using a variety of treatments they can be managed to help try and reduce the impact the disorder has on the individual’s day-today life. Alternative therapies are often used, as well as traditional medicine” (p. 167). Ledly& Marx (2005) affirm that, “Counselling can provide support to people with disorders, as well as their partners, family and careers” (p.87). All these factors will be taken into consideration at the health center in Clarendon. Counselling will be a service which will be offered at the health center. This will help clients to develop the emotional, social and intellectual skills needed to live, learn and work in communities throughout Jamaica with the least amount of professional support. Through counselling, psychiatric rehabilitation will be practiced. The overall philosophy of psychiatric rehabilitation, which is a form of counselling, comprises of two intervention strategies. This will be a service that will be offered at the health center. The first strategy which will be implemented is individual-centered approach. This aims at developing the patient’s skills in interacting with a stressful environment. The second strategy will be ecological and directed towards developing environmental resources to reduce potential stressors. Carr (2001) cements that, “Most abnormalities need a combination of both approaches” (p. 128). The health center will also offer Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT). This is also a form of counselling. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), is a talking therapy that can help the patients manage their problems by changing the way they think and behave (Bachrach, 2000). It is most commonly used to treat anxiety, depression, panic attacks, phobias, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), post-traumatic stress disorder and some eating disorders, especially bulimia, but can be useful for other mental and physical health problems. This therapy recognizes that events in the patient’s past may have shaped the patient, but it concentrates mostly on how the patient can change the way he thinks, feels and behaves in the present. It teaches the participant how to overcome negative thoughts, for example being able to challenge hopeless feelings. The premise behind Cognitive Behavioural Therapy is that our thoughts and behaviours have an effect on each other, and by changing the way we think and behave - we can ultimately change the way we feel about life. The therapy examines learnt behaviours and negative thought patterns with the view of altering them in a positive way. Medication care plays a key role in the treatment of co-occurring disorders. This will be another service that will be offered at the health center. Prescribed medications reduce symptoms and prevent relapses of a psychiatric disorder. Medications can be herbal or pharmaceutical. The health center will focus on both kinds of medicines to cater for patients’ needs and preferences. Prescription medications have been developed and tested for all of the Axis I psychiatric disorders on the DSM IV/ V. Effective medication options exist for the treatment of most of the major disorders, including mood disorders such as major depression and bipolar disorder; anxiety disorders, such as post-traumatic stress disorder, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder; and schizophrenia among other psychotic disorders. Taking medication is substance abuse (Wilson & Smith, 1939). However, Bennett (2006) postulates that, “Medication that manages one’s mood is very different from a drug that alters one’s mood” (p. 156). Choosing the right medication, medication dose, and treatment plan should be based on a person’s individual needs and medical situation. This will help to alleviate substance abuse (Carr, 2001). Psychiatric medications treat the symptoms of mental disorders. Sometimes called psychotropic or psychotherapeutic medications, they have changed the lives of people with mental disorders for the better. Beck (2011) proposes that, “Many people with mental disorders live fulfilling lives with the help of these medications. Without them, people with mental disorders might suffer serious and disabling symptoms” (p. 267). Another service that will be offered at the health center is psychoeducation. Carr (2001) referring to psychoeducation as, “Psychoeducation refers to the education offered to individuals with a mental health condition and their families to help empower them and deal with their condition in an optimal way” (p. 244). Frequently, psychoeducational training involves individuals with schizophrenia, clinical depression, anxiety disorders, psychotic illnesses, eating disorders, and personality disorders, as well as patient training courses in the context of the treatment of physical illnesses. Psychoeducation is among the most effective of the evidence-based practices that have emerged in both clinical trials and community settings (Ledley & Marx, 2005). Due to the flexibility of the model, which incorporates both illness-specific information and tools for managing related circumstances, psychoeducation has broad potential for many forms of illnesses and varied life challenges. Psychoeducational approach gives a clear understanding of the patients’ condition and self-knowledge about their individual strengths, family resources, and coping skills. Clients are more relaxed and better equipped to deal with their problem(s), which contribute to their emotional wellbeing (Bachrach, 2000). The core message is simply that education has a role in emotional and behavioural change. With an improved understanding of the causes and effects of the problem, psychoeducation can broaden a client’s perception and interpretation of the problem; the additional insight positively influences the person’s emotions and behaviour. More positive emotions and behaviour, in turn, lead to an enhanced sense of self-efficacy. More solid selfefficacy leads to better self-control: important for many with serious illness is either physical or psychological levels, as clients often feel helpless and out of control. The three services mentioned above will be practiced to improve individuals who have been diagnosed with one or more abnormal behaviour(s). The services aim to control the disorders, giving clients a feeling of normality and helping each to be deemed as a positive contributor to his/her community and Jamaica at large. They seek to uplift, redirect and improve the clients psychologically, emotionally and mentally. References Bachrach, L. L. (2000). Psychosocial rehabilitation and psychiatry in the treatment of schizophrenia - what are the boundaries? N.p.: Oxford University Press. Beck, J. S. (2011). Cognitive behavior therapy: Basics and Beyond (2nd ed.). N.p.: New York: Guilford. Bennett, P. (2006). Abnormal and clinical psychology: An Introductory Textbook (2nd ed.). N.p.: Open University Press. Carr, A. (2001). Abnormal psychology. N.p.: Psychology Press. Howells, J. G., & Livia, M. (1984). A Reference companion to the history of abnormal psychology (Vol. 1). N.p.: Osborn Greenwood Press. Ledley, D. R., & Marx, B. P. (2005). Making cognitive-behavioral therapy work: Clinical Process for New Practitioners. N.p.: Glendale Press. Wilson, B., & Smith, B. (1939). The big book of alcoholics anonymous. N.p.: Alcoholics Anonymous World Services, Inc.