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Holland Compared Source: FloraHolland The Netherlands General information • The Netherlands – the Gateway to Europe. • Geographically small Amsterdam – 134th position in the world. • Densely populated country with 16.8 million people – 61st position worldwide. • Around 32% of the Netherlands' GDP derived from activities beyond its borders. • Strategic central location – 160 million consumers (half of the EU) within a 300-mile (482.8 km) radius. Capital: Amsterdam Currency: Euro (€) North-South 200 miles/321.9 km West-East 100 miles/160.9 km Area: 16,000 square miles or 33,800 km² Population: 16.8 million Attractive place to live Norway Switzerland Austria Denmark Germany Sweden Luxembourg Belgium Finland Netherlands 0 IMD, 2013. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Quality of life Population by age 4% 12% 23% 0-19 20-44 45-64 65-79 older than 79 28% 33% Statistics Netherlands, 2013. Population by age (2012) One of the most competitive economies Switzerland Singapore Finland Germany United States Sweden Hong Kong, China Netherlands Japan United Kingdom 0 World Economic Forum, 2013. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Global Competitiveness 2013 - 2014 Macro indicators Source: Rijkswaterstaat Sixth-largest EU Economy Germany France United Kingdom Italy Spain Netherlands Sweden Poland Belgium Austria 0 Eurostat, 2013. 500 1.000 1.500 2.000 2.500 3.000 Gross Domestic Product (2012) in billions of euros High average income Luxembourg Switzerland United States* Austria Ireland Sweden Netherlands Denmark Germany EU-27 0 OECD, 2013. 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 GDP per capita in thousands of US dollars, corrected for purchasing power parity (2012, *=2011). High productivity per hour Luxembourg Norway United States Belgium Netherlands France Ireland Germany Sweden Austria 0 10 20 The Conference Board and Groningen Growth and Development Centre, 2013. 30 40 50 60 70 80 GDP per hour in US dollars (2012) Prosperous, sustainable and enterprising Switzerland Sweden Germany Austria Belgium Netherlands Finland United States France EU-27 0,0 Eurostat, 2013. 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 % Average real GDP growth rate (2006 – 2012) Moderate inflation Switzerland Ireland Sweden Netherlands Germany France Euro area Austria Denmark United States 0,0 Eurostat, 2013. 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 % Average annual price increases (2006 – 2012) High labour participation rate Switzerland Netherlands Sweden Germany Denmark Austria United Kingdom Finland United States Luxemburg France 0 OECD, 2013. 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Ratio of total employment to the population of working age (2012) Many part-time employees Netherlands Switzerland Ireland United Kingdom Germany Denmark Austria Belgium Luxembourg France 0 OECD, 2013. 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Part-time work as a percentage of employment as a whole (2012) Relatively low unemployment Switzerland Netherlands Austria Luxembourg Denmark United Kingdom Germany United States Sweden Finland 0 OECD, 2012. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Average unemployment 2006-2012, as a percentage of the working population Trade and investment Source: Europe Container Terminals BV, Rotterdam Open economy 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 1970 CPB, 2013. 1975 1980 1985 1995 2000 2005 2012 Dutch exports of goods and services as a proportion of GDP in % World's sixth-largest exporter of goods China United States Germany Japan France Netherlands South Korea Russian Federation Italy Hong Kong, China 0 ITC, 2013. 400 800 1.200 1.600 2.000 2.400 Export value in billions of US dollars (2012) Strong in agri-food production United States Netherlands Germany Brazil France 0 ITC, 2013. 50 100 150 200 Export value in billions of US dollars (2012) Major importer of goods and services United States China Germany Japan United Kingdom France Hong Kong, China South Korea Netherlands India 0 ITC, 2013. 500 1.000 1.500 2.000 2.500 Import value in billions of US dollars (2012) Most significant trading partner: Western Europe 1,4% 8,8% 0,6% 2,4% 5,1% Europe Africa North America Middle and South America Near and Far East Asia Oceania 3,4% 78,4% Statistics Netherlands, 2013. Destination of exports (2012) Gateway to Europe 0,4% 18,2% Europe Africa 3,6% North America Middle and South-America 4,4% Near and Middle East 7,1% 62,9% Asia Oceania 3,4% Statistics Netherlands, 2013. Origin of imports (2012) Composition of export Food and livestock 9% 1% 12% Drinks and tobacco 2% Non-edible resources 5% Mineral fuels and oils Oils and fats of animal and plant origin Chemical products 25% 19% Manufactured goods 1% 8% Machinery and transportation devices Other manufactured goods 18% Others Statistics Netherlands, 2013. Composition of exports (2012) Composition of import Food and livestock 10% 0% 9% Drinks and tobacco 1% 4% Non-edible resources Mineral fuels and oils 28% 25% Oils and fats of animal and plant origin Chemical products Manufactured goods 1% 9% Machinery and transportation devices Other manufactured goods 13% Others Statistics Netherlands, 2013. Composition of imports (2012) Ninth-largest foreign investor in the world United States China (including Hong Kong) United Kingdom Germany France Switzerland Japan Belgium Netherlands Canada 0 UNCTAD, 2013. 1.000 2.000 3.000 4.000 5.000 6.000 Outward FDI stocks in billions of US dollars (2012) Attractive for inward foreign investments United Kingdom France Belgium Germany Switzerland Spain Netherlands Russian Federation Sweden Ireland 0 UNCTAD, 2013. 200 400 600 800 1.000 1.200 1.400 FDI stocks in billions of US dollars (2012) Top Sectors in Focus Top Sectors • Agriculture and Food • Chemical Industry • Creative Industries • Energy • High Tech Systems and Materials • Horticulture • Life Sciences • Logistics • Water Agriculture & Food Sector Source: DAF Trucks NV Source: Nuon / Jorrit Lousberg Source: Vereniging FME-CWM Agriculture & Food Sector World-leading supplier of agro-food products • Holland is the world's 2nd largest exporter of agricultural products, after the USA. Together with the USA and France, Holland is one of the top 3 exporters of vegetables and fruit. • The total value of Dutch agricultural exports was 75.4 billion Euros in 2012. The Dutch agro-food industry contributed 52.5 billion Euros of added value to Dutch GDP. • The Netherlands is responsible for 22% of the world’s potato exports. The Netherlands has the second highest private R&D investment (as % of GDP) in agro-food in Europe. • Four of the world's top 25 food and beverage companies are Dutch and 12 have a major production site or R&D facilities in the Netherlands. Chemical Sector Source: AkzoNobel Source: DAF Trucks NV Source: Nuon / Jorrit Lousberg Chemical Sector Chemical Portal to Europe • The chemical industry is one of the leading business sectors in the Netherlands, making a significant contribution to the economy. In 2011, the turnover was 58 billion Euros. • Holland is one of Europe's leading suppliers of chemical products and services. • The competitiveness of the Dutch chemical industry lies in its internal and intercompany integration. Chemical companies work together on innovation and production, and take advantage of regional clustering. • Holland hosts 19 of the world’s top 25 leading chemical companies, including AkzoNobel, BASF and Shell. • Holland is also home to world-class R&D institutes for fundamental and applied research such as TNO, Delft University, Twente University, Wageningen University and Eindhoven University. Creative Industries Source: DAF Bavaria N.V.NV Source: Trucks Creative Industries Masters in architecture, design, fashion and gaming • Holland’s creative industry ranks among the world’s top 10 in terms of trade figures, jobs and registrations of brands and patterns. • The annual turnover of Dutch creative industries is 7.1 billion Euros. • Dutch architects are commissioned to design prestigious buildings around the world such as the Mercedes Benz Museum in Stuttgart, the CCTV Headquarters in Beijing and Battery Park in New York. Renowned Dutch architects/agencies include Rem Koolhaas (OMA), Francine Houben (Mecanoo), Ben van Berkel and Caroline Bos (UNStudio). • Holland has a long tradition of interior design, epitomized by Rietveld's furniture designs. Marcel Wanders is currently one the world's best known furniture designers. Energy Sector Source: DAF Trucks NV Source: Nuon / Jorrit Lousberg Source: Heerema Energy Sector Innovative, sustainable energy solutions • 15 to 20% of the gas consumed in Europe comes from Holland. • The distribution network for gas is the densest in Europe and of a very high standard. • The Dutch have unmatched capacity to cope with seasonal fluctuations in gas demand, providing north-western Europe with much-needed flexibility. • Holland has an international reputation for research in renewable energy, due, in part, to the work of the energy research centre ECN. • The Dutch have leading expertise in offshore wind energy, co-combustion of biomass in coal-fired power plants, pre-treatment methods of biomass, the use of landfill gas, and the use of heat pumps combined with heat and cold storage. High Tech Sector Source: ASML High Tech Sector New technologies for health, mobility, energy and security • Holland's high-tech sector is a world leader in the development of new technologies and materials for use in communication systems, aircraft and automobiles, medical devices, energy generation and semiconductor production. • Dutch companies invented WiFi, the CD and the DVD. Bluetooth was invented by Dutchman Jaap Haartsen. And high-tech equipment from Dutch companies are used in 90% of all silicon chips produced worldwide. • The Netherlands ranks among the world's top 3 nano science countries, together with Switzerland and the USA. MESA+, the institute for technology located at the University of Twente, is one of the largest nanotechnology research institutes in the world. Horticulture Sector Source: DAF Trucks NV Source: Nuon / Jorrit Lousberg Source: Jan J. Guldemond Horticulture Sector World's leading supplier of flowers, plants and trees • A quarter of the world trade in horticultural products (24%) is in Dutch hands. Holland has a 50% share of the worldwide trade in floricultural products, making it the dominant global supplier of flowers and flower products. Some 80% of all flower bulbs traded worldwide come from the Netherlands, the majority of which are tulips. • The sector is the number 3 exporter in nutritional horticulture products. • Dutch horticultural innovations include intelligent greenhouses that can float on water, moving platforms, robots, innovative lighting, water and waste recycling, and greenhouses that generate more energy than they consume and thus contribute to a reduction in CO2. The current generation of greenhouses already generates approximately 10% of Holland’s power needs by using combined heat and power (CHP). Life Sciences and Health Sector Source: DAF Trucks NV Source: Nuon / Jorrit Lousberg Source: Jan J. Guldemond ©Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Life Sciences and Health Sector Helping to advance health worldwide • The Netherlands ranks 8th worldwide in life sciences and health patents. • With approximately 350 innovative life sciences companies clustered within a 120 mile radius, Holland is the most geographically concentrated region in the world when it comes to creating economic and social value in Life Sciences and Health. • The sector invests over 2 billion Euros in R&D in the Netherlands each year and is becoming a globally recognized stronghold of open innovation. It already accounts for 2.5% of GDP. • Philips is the world leader in medical imaging and patient monitoring; DSM is a biomaterials leader. Logistics sector Source: DAF Trucks NV Source: DAF Trucks N.V. Source: Nuon / Jorrit Lousberg Logistics sector Strategic gateway to Europe and the world • The Netherlands was ranked 5th in the 2012 World Bank global Logistics Performance Index (based on terms of efficiency and effectiveness of its customs, quality of transport, IT infrastructure for logistics and ease and affordability of shipping). • The Port of Rotterdam is the world’s fourth-largest and Europe’s largest port. From the Port of Rotterdam, all major industrial and economic centres in Western Europe can be reached in less than 24 hours. • Amsterdam Schiphol Airport won two awards at the 2012 Asian Freight & Supply Chain Awards for best airport in Europe and the Best Air Cargo Terminal in Europe. In 2012, Schiphol also won the ‘ACI EUROPE Best Airport’ award for the third time. Water Sector Source: Rijkswaterstaat Source: DAF Trucks NV Source: Nuon / Jorrit Lousberg Water Sector World leaders in hydraulic engineering, water treatment and shipbuilding • The Dutch are renowned for their integrated water management and multidisciplinary approach that balances social, economic, environmental and engineering needs ('Building with Nature'). Dutch companies are involved in the sustainable development of low-lying urban agglomerations such as Jakarta and Bangladesh, and coastal development in areas such as Dubai, Vietnam and Romania. • Two Dutch companies command half of the world's dredging market. • The Dutch Delta Works are listed in the Guinness Book of Records as the largest flood defence project in the world. With almost 16,500 kilometres of dykes and 300 structures, the project is one of the most extensive engineering projects in the world. • The Dutch invest heavily in innovation and R&D through public-private partnerships. These include renowned institutes such as Deltares, MARIN, Wetsus and KWR Watercycle Research Institute. Human capital and innovation Source: Jeroen Verreijt / Dutch Polymere Institute Well-educated working population United States Sweden Switzerland Germany Finland Austria Denmark United Kingdom Ireland Netherlands 0 OECD, 2012. 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Percentage of population (25-64 years old) that has attained upper secondary education (2010) Dutch schoolchildren are second in the EU OECD, 2013. PISA score points, OECD average = 497 (2012) Human Development Index 2012 Norway Australia United States Netherlands Germany New Zealand Ireland Sweden Switzerland Japan 0,890 0,900 United Nations Development Programme, 2013. 0,910 0,920 0,930 0,940 0,950 0,960 Human Development Index (2012) Entrepreneurs create dynamism Australia Canada Netherlands Belgium EU-27 Ireland United Kingdom Germany Finland United States 0 Statistics Netherlands, 2012. 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 Number of entrepreneurs as a percentage of the working population (2009) Well-developed ICT infrastructure Finland Singapore Sweden Netherlands Norway Switzerland United Kingdom Denmark United States Taiwan 0 World Economic Forum, 2013. 1 2 3 4 5 6 The Networked Readiness Index (2013) Global Innovation Index: fourth position INSEAD, 2013 Global Innovation Index (2013) Modest R&D expenditure Finland Sweden Denmark Germany Austria United States* France Belgium Netherlands United Kingdom 0,0 Eurostat, 2013. 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 3,0 3,5 4,0 R&D expenditures as percentage of GDP (2012, *=2011) Home-grown knowledge multinationals Philips Philips ASML ASML KPN KPN Shell* Shell* Royal DSM Royal DSM NXP Semiconductors NXP Semiconductors Unilever* Unilever* Océ-Technologies Océ-Technologies DAF Trucks DAF Trucks AkzoNobel AkzoNobel 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 0 500 1.000 1.500 2.000 2.500 3.000 3.500 4.000 4.500 * Estimation Technisch Weekblad. * Estimation Technisch Weekblad. R&D expenditures in million Euros (2012) R&D workforce in FTE (2012) Technisch Weekblad, 2013. Large base of knowledge and research TNO TNO ECN ECN Deltares Deltares FOM FOM ESTEC ESTEC NLR NLR MESA+ MESA+ MARIN MARIN NEN NEN UNESCO-IHE UNESCO-IHE 0 100 200 300 400 500 Turnover or budget in million Euros (2012) Technisch Weekblad, 2013. 600 0 500 1.000 1.500 2.000 Workforce in FTE (2012) 2.500 3.000 3.500 4.000 Refreshing business approach United States Japan Germany China South Korea France United Kingdom Switzerland Netherlands Sweden 0 World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), 2013. 10.000 20.000 30.000 40.000 50.000 60.000 Number of PCT patent applications (2012) Dutch scientists frequently cited Switzerland Denmark Netherlands United States United Kingdom Sweden Belgium Canada Ireland Norway 1,0 WTI2, 2012; Data processing: NL Agency, 2012. 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 Average number of citations compared to the world average (2006 – 2009) Infrastructure Source: Amsterdam Airport Schiphol Navigable inland waterways Denmark Netherlands Hong Kong, China Singapore Finland Germany Iceland Sweden Norway Canada 8,0 IMD, 2013. 8,2 8,4 8,6 8,8 9,0 9,2 9,4 Quality of water transportation (harbours, canals, locks, etc.) (2013) Good at logistics Singapore Hong Kong, China Finland Germany Netherlands Denmark Belgium Japan United States United Kingdom 3,7 World Bank, 2012. 3,8 3,9 4,0 4,1 4,2 Logistics Performance Index (2012) Third-largest cargo airport in Europe Frankfurt London Heathrow Paris Charles de Gaulle Paris Charles de Gaulle Amsterdam Airport Schiphol Frankfurt London Heathrow Amsterdam Airport Schiphol Leipzig Madrid Cologne Bonn Istanbul 0 500 1.000 1.500 2.000 Freight handled in 1000 tons (2012) Schiphol Group, 2013. 2.500 0 10 20 30 40 50 Millions of passengers (2012) 60 70 80 Largest port in Europe Rotterdam Rotterdam Antwerp Antwerp Hamburg Hamburg 0 100 200 300 400 500 Trans-shipment in million tonnes (2012) Port of Rotterdam, 2013 and Hafen Hamburg, 2013. 0 2 4 6 8 Containers in thousand TEUs (2012) 10 12 Leading the field in broadband Switzerland Netherlands Denmark South Korea Norway France Iceland Germany United Kingdom Belgium 0 OECD, 2013. 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Number of broadband connections per hundred inhabitants (2012) Government Source: Hans Kouwenhoven Effective government and good-quality service provision Finland Denmark Sweden Canada Netherlands Australia Belgium Austria United Kingdom Germany 0 World Bank, 2013. 20 40 60 80 100 Average government effectiveness ranking (2011) One of the least corrupt countries Transparency International, 2013. Score on the Corruption Perception Index (2013) Moderate level of government debt Luxembourg Sweden Denmark Finland Netherlands Austria Germany United Kingdom France Euro area 0 Eurostat, 2013. 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 National debt as a percentage of GDP (first quarter 2013) Competitive taxation climate Ireland Switzerland Sweden United Kingdom Austria Denmark Finland Netherlands Luxembourg Germany 0 IMD, 2013. 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 % Maximum tax rate, calculated on profit before tax Explanatory notes This publication is intended to provide a concise and representative picture of the state of the Dutch economy. Every attempt has been made to select indicators carefully and judiciously from internationally renowned and reliable sources. In the case of most of the indicators, the Dutch economy has been compared with surrounding countries (such as Belgium, Denmark, Germany, the UK and Switzerland, many of which are similar in terms of their economic structures), and the United States. Comparisons have also been made, in a number of instances, with other countries, such as with various global rankings. More information: NL Agency www.hollandtrade.com or www.agentschapnl.nl [email protected] Economic editor: Ron Hogenboom [email protected]